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Results for “Decalcification, Pathologic”

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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Histological changes in the aortic valve after balloon dilatation: evidence for a delayed healing process.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether balloon dilatation of the aortic valve induces long-term macroscopic or histological changes or both to explain the restenosis process. DESIGN: Prospective study of 39 consecutive patients. Sixteen later (mean (SD) 12 (10) months) required operation. This non-randomised subgroup was compared with 10 patients who had aortic valve replacement without prior dilatation. SETTING: University cardiology and cardiac surgery centre and pathology department. PATIENTS: 16 patients who had aortic valve replacement because of failure of or restenosis after balloon dilatation of the aortic valve. Twelve resected valves were examined. INTERVENTIONS: Percutaneous balloon dilatation of the aortic valve (maximal balloon size: trefoil 3 x 12 mm balloon or bifoil 2 x 19 mm balloon) and surgical inspection before excision of the aortic valve leaflets during open-chest aortic valve replacement. Fixation, decalcification, and staining for histology. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Presence of long-term pathological changes in the resected valve and their relation to restenosis after balloon dilatation. RESULTS: Macroscopically the previously dilated valves were indistinguishable from valves from the patients who had valve replacement only. Microscopically, the dilated aortic valves showed areas of young scar tissue that were not seen in a control group of surgically excised stenotic aortic valves. This persistent scarring reaction was seen around small tears or lacerations of the collagenous valve stroma, fractures in calcified areas, and splits in commissures. Young scar tissue without collagenisation was still present 24 months after dilatation. CONCLUSION: Organisation and collagenisation of scar tissue develops slowly after balloon dilatation of the aortic valve. This prolonged scarring reaction may explain the late development of restenosis in some patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Pathological and X-ray study on bony specimens of rickets from 124 fetal and infantile autopsies].

The results of pathological and X-ray study on rickets of bony specimens from fetal and infantile autopsies are reported. Three important links were stressed in designing the study. The cases were divided into two groups: "congenital" and "postnatal". Each case has pathological slides and X-ray photographs of the rib, ulna and radius. GMA sections were used in this study to avoid decalcification and constriction of the bony specimens. The results showed that: Congenital rickets is existent in Beijing. Its incidence is 25.4%. The bony change was seen as early as 30 weeks of pregnancy. The pathological and X-ray features are not different between the "congenital" and "postnatal" groups; The incidence of fetal and infantile rickets is 35.5%. It is the highest in the rib, moderate in the ulna and lowest in the radius. The correlation of X-ray and pathological rickets was found to be 82.5% (rib), 77.3% (ulna) and 50% (radius). It can be seen that X-ray examination of the rib may raise the diagnostic rate to 12 times of that based on traditional wrist examination.

Fetus↗
PubMed1990

The innervation of human teeth and gingival epithelium as revealed by means of an antiserum for protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5).

The innervation of human teeth and oral mucosa has been studied in the past by different methods, none of which offered a clear description of the precise morphology of nerve fibers and terminals and of nerve organization as a whole. Recently, interesting findings have been obtained by means of immunohistochemical investigations for neurofilaments and S-100 proteins. A new brain-specific molecule, protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), has been used for the first time in the present research to investigate the distribution of nerves in human oral mucosa and decalcified teeth, about which there is a paucity of information. The data provided in this study, confirming previous work in other species, may be of value for understanding the anatomy of human oral innervation. In the oral mucosa, the antiserum labels nerve fibers, corpuscles, and neuroendocrine (Merkel) cells. In sections of decalcified teeth, numerous PGP 9.5 positive fibers are demonstrated in the pulp and in the inner 100 microns of dentin. The novel nerve tissue protein used, PGP 9.5, thus appears to be a reliable marker for studies of nerve fibers in human tissues and not to be affected by decalcification procedures. It could then be used for investigations on the innervation of normal and pathological calcified human tissues.

Dentin↗
PubMed1988

Multicenter validation study of real-time ultrasonography, arteriography, and pathology: pathologic evaluation of carotid endarterectomy specimens.

The morphologic description and measurements of endarterectomy specimens are usually believed to be accurate and are used as the gold standard against which the findings of diagnostic procedures are judged. Pathology data on 289 endarterectomy specimens from five participating centers and the corresponding angiography and B-mode ultrasonography data provided a basis for scrutinizing the validity of using the morphologic measurements as a standard. Discrepancies of greater than 1 mm between pathology and angiography measurements of minimum residual lumen occurred in 35% of the cases and between pathology and B-mode ultrasonography measurements in 64% of the cases. Discrepancies of greater than 1 mm between pathology- and angiography-measured lesion width occurred in 81% of the cases and between pathology and B-mode ultrasonography measurements in 64% of the cases. The cases representing mismatches of greater than 1 mm at one participating center were subjected to a rigorous review, with remeasurement of all morphologic features, in an attempt to explain the discrepancies. Various types of artifactual distortion of the specimens, the presence of slit-like and occluded lumens that were likely related to loss of perfusion pressure, and an inability to match planes of interrogation used in angiography and B-mode ultrasonography with pathology planes contributed significantly to the existence of mismatches. On the other hand, fixation and decalcification produced minimal and insignificant distortional changes. We conclude that the acquisition of quantitative data from endarterectomy specimens and the acceptance of morphologic data as a standard are limited by a number of problems that can be defined but have been difficult to resolve.

Carotid Arteries↗
PubMed1988

Otopathology of Egyptian mummy Pum II: final report.

Otoscopic examination of the ears of Egyptian mummy PUM II with the operating microscope revealed a small oval perforation of the right tympanic membrane in the posteroinferior quadrant. The smooth and concise margins suggested an etiology of middle ear infection. A method which allows decalcification of ancient specimens without disintegration of the eardrum and other soft tissues within the temporal bone was described. There was evidence of histological repair at the margins of the perforation consistent with sequela of otitis media. No other abnormalities were observed in the temporal bones of this individual. There was no evidence of otosclerosis bilaterally. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a pathological tympanic membrane perforation has been histologically documented in an ancient temporal bone.

Cochlea↗
PubMed1987

Is it necessary to embed bone marrow biopsies in plastic for haematological diagnosis?

With the increase in the use of bone marrow trephines for diagnosis have come numerous reports that traditional methods of preparation (by decalcification and embedding in paraffin wax) should be replaced by plastic embedding to avoid decalcification. It has been argued that only by this means can the high quality preparations needed for accurate haematopathological diagnosis be achieved. The present study challenges this viewpoint and argues that with a little extra care and attention conventional paraffin embedding techniques can give equally high quality preparations. Sections prepared in this way meet the diagnostic needs of the haematologist, without requiring a separate technique to be established in the pathology laboratory solely for bone marrow trephines.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1997

[Radiologic and histologic observations in central talus fractures].

In a prospective study of central fractures of the talus, radiological data (plain radiography, CT, MRI) were scrutinized in terms of correlation with histological findings (biopsy taken at time of screw removal). The study looked at nine fractures in eight patients aged 14-48 years. There was one fracture of Hawkins type I, one fracture of type II, four fractures of type III, and three corpus fractures. All were operated on within 24 h after injury; seven had screw fixation, two had adaptation with K wires. The patients were kept non-weight-bearing for 14-53 weeks. Duration of follow-up was 2 years or more in all but one patient. In the final radiograph the talus was intact in four patients, while four showed a partial avascular collapse; in one patient, a partial collapse was doubtful. Histology taken 16-52 weeks after injury showed osteocyte-free original bone in all cases, with deposition of new bone varying in extent. Hawkins sign was partially positive in six patients, positive in one, and negative in one. Decalcification as well as fracture healing can be better followed by CT than by plain radiography. MRI appeared normal in five patients, partially pathological in two, and abnormal in one. A positive Hawkins sign and normal signal behavior can be seen as prognostically favorable signs. However, in the case of a central talus fracture, even with a favorable course osteonecrosis of at least a part of the talus with gradual replacement by new bone occurred. Vascularization of the central talus seems to be disturbed more frequently than is reflected radiologically.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

An original technique for histological study of the human temporal bone.

An original technique for histological study of the human temporal bone is presented. It allows faster and better results than previous methods. It becomes obvious that the systematic study of the temporal bone may give important data in the field of pathology, foeto-pathology and forensic medicine.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) for validation of non-destructive histotomography of healthy bone tissue].

OBJECTIVES: Fixation (formalin), decalcification (sections) or mechanical treatment (grinding) all bear the risk of artifacts occurring during hard-tissue histology. Because studies on the etiology of pathological changes mostly focus on subclinical lesions, artifacts can simulate early changes or even be superimposed on existing changes. The objective of this study was to determine how artifacts can be reduced. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) a focused laser beam scans the surface of the specimens and penetrates into the tissue. The intensity of the remitted light is recorded. The confocal effect is due to an extremely small aperture (pin-hole), excluding light from out-of-focus planes of the sample. By stepwise movement of the object table, a tomographic series of tomographic images is obtained. Sound cortical bone samples of the lower jaw (n = 20) were studied by light microscopy and by CLSM, visualizing identical areas of a ground sectioned sample after H&E staining. Additionally, embedded and fresh blocks of tissue of the same bone sample were studied histotomographically in the CLSM. RESULTS: (1) Light microscopic micromorphology of cortical bone can be visualized adequately in the CLSM; (2) many structures that can be visualized by light microscopy only after special staining (e.g., osteozyte processes) can be visualized by the CLSM using sample blocks without pretreatment. CONCLUSION: (1) Nondestructive subsurface histotomography by CLSM totally excludes mechanical artifacts; (2) physicochemical artifacts can be handled more easily because fresh samples can be studied; (3) pseudo-three-dimensional imaging allows histological interpretation of the tissue that is equivalent to macroscopic tomographic techniques (CT, MRT).

Artifacts↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Microscopic studies of accessory canals in primary molar furcations.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of accessory canals in the furcation region of human primary second molars. Forty freshly extracted teeth were radectomized and furcations were separated. The severed pulp chamber floors were decalcified and dehydrated. Paraffin embedding followed and cross-cut serial sections were taken from the specimens. Microscopic examination of each section followed. Sixteen out of twenty (80 percent) of the maxillary and fifteen out of twenty (75 percent) of the mandibular primary second molars demonstrated accessory foramina in the furcation area. 17.3 percent of the accessory foramina were found in the pulp chamber floor and 82. 7 percent were observed interradicular, close to the periodontal ligament. Thirty percent of the primary second molars demonstrated accessory canals, running from the pulp chamber to the periodontal ligament. Within the limitations of a microscopic investigation it is assumed that accessory furcation canals might be responsible for interradicular bone pathology in case of pulpal inflammation or necrosis.

Decalcification Technique↗
PubMed2002

[Timeliness of 5,979 surgical pathology reports].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the influence of prelaboratory and intralaboratory factors on the turnaround time of the reports in order to develop a reference database for continuous quality improvement, a retrospective study of the timeliness was reported. METHODS: Using cluster sampling of a total of 5,979 pathology reports selected by sampling a single month's reports from each quarter of the year 2000, of which there were 5,250 cases from routine biopsy and 729 cases from operative specimen. The timeliness and the factors that influence the turnaround time of the two types of surgical pathology reports were analyzed. RESULTS: 4,872 pathology reports of 5,250 routine biopsy cases were completed in 3 working days, and 613 of 729 cases of the operative specimens were completed in 4 working days. The percentage was 92.8% and 84.1% respectively. Factors that significantly contributed to the increase in turnover time of biopsy reports included request of immunohistochemical staining, delayed arrival of the operative specimen at the laboratory after frozen section, additional recutting, intradepartment consultation and decalcification etc. As for the operative cases, several factors were associated with delayed report: second day arrival of the operative specimen at the laboratory after frozen section, lack of the adequate clinical history, request for immunohistochemical staining etc. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of surgical pathology reports in the department can be completed timely and the timeliness meets the general standard. Only about 10 percent of the reports were delayed because of some prelaboratory and intralaboratory factors, for which there were 33.5% and 66.5% respectively for routine biopsy, and 50.9% and 49.1% respectively for operative specimen.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

A6--a new 45RO monoclonal antibody for immunostaining of paraffin-embedded tissues.

The authors report on the extensive characterization, on normal and pathologic tissues, of the T-cell-specific monoclonal antibody (MoAb) A6, which the authors previously found to identify a fixation- and paraffin-embedding-resistant epitope. A6 reacted with most T lymphocytes, macrophages, and Langerhans' cells of normal tissues and with peripheral T-cell lymphomas (31 of 34), Ki-1+ lymphomas (12 of 18), and T-cell leukemias (1 of 5). All cases of X and non-X histiocytosis examined and monocytic leukemias with mature phenotype only were A6 positive. Three of 47 cases of B-cell lymphoma and leukemia were labeled. Hairy cell leukemias, multiple myelomas, and Hodgkin's and Reed-Sternberg cells were negative. The A6 reactivity was preserved with different fixatives (formalin, Bouin's fluid, Carnoy's fixative, and B5) and decalcification procedures and was slightly enhanced by trypsin digestion. The pattern of reactivity of A6 was similar to that obtained with MoAb UCHL-1, recognizing the CD45RO determinant of leukocyte common antigen; however, in pathologic tissues, A6 labeled a higher percentage of cells than UCHL-1. Cross-blocking and enzyme digestion studies (Pronase E [Sigma Chemical, St. Louis, MO] and neuraminidase [Sigma Chemical]) indicated that the two MoAbs may identify close epitopes on the same molecule. In conclusion, the authors' study indicates that A6 is an excellent reagent for detection of the CD45RO molecule on paraffin-embedded normal and pathologic tissues.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1996

[The anterior commissure of the larynx in the subperichondral functional surgery of the glottic plane: critical evaluation on the basis of a serial section study in normal and neoplastic laryngeal specimens].

It is a well-known fact that the clinical growth of laryngeal cancer varies according to the site of its origin. A number of macro and microscopy studies have attempted to explain the various routes it follows in spreading. The anatomical features of the anterior commissure, the conus elasticus and posterior commissure condition the direction and extent of tumour spreading as do the blood supply in the glottis and the distribution of mucous glands in the glottis and subglottis. Of the various regions of the larynx, the anterior commissure has provided perhaps the greatest challenge to investigators in that its boundaries as well as its morphology are still not clear. The possible spreading of glottic cancers exceeding these anatomic structures is very difficult to evaluate using two dimensional picture given by laryngoscopy as well as the images provided by TC and NMR which justifies a different behavior of same stage. Therefore these elements, in addition to the absence of a universally accepted clinical definition of the boundaries of AC, justify the diagnostic, pathologic, and therapeutic problems linked to AC carcinoma. Eight normal adult larynges were studied by microdissection and serial section after fixation in 10 percent formalin followed by decalcification. These specimens were dissected according to the stages of "evisceratio laryngis" performed in our Department for the treatment of T1a, T1b tumors. Our observations confirm that the island located at the anterior insertion of the thyroarytenoid muscle, easy reached during subperichondral dissection, cannot be identified with the so-called tendon described by Broyles. The specimens shown circumstantiate the fact that this fibrous-cartilagineous island act as a barrier and that when the neoplasia does start to spread into this segment, this fibrous area forces it to spread mainly along the surface. Our observations were confirmed by histologic examination of 6 surgical specimens after "evisceratio laryngis" performed on T1a, T1b tumors. Clinical positive results in subjects treated employing "evisceratio laryngis" appear to further confirm of our interpretation to these morphological observations.

Culture Techniques↗
PubMed2001

Nutrient arteries of the temporomandibular joint: an anatomical and a pathological study.

We have identified an artery which is a sub-branch of the inferior alveolar artery, and propose to call it the temporomandibular branch. Mandibular bones of 36 autopsy cases (ages 23-85; 20 males and 16 females) were examined. Contrast media were injected into the inferior alveolar artery, decalcification was conducted, and photographs were taken using soft X-ray equipment (Softex: Nippon Softex, co. CSM type). Then, an examination was conducted concerning sclerosis of these arteries. Next, H.E., Azan, and Pap silver stains were used for microscopic specimens to examine arteriosclerosis of the temporomandibular joint. The artery that sub-branches toward the temporomandibular branch, branches out immediately after the inferior alveolar artery and enters the mandibular foramen, becoming the artery that supplies the temporomandibular joint. This temporomandibular branch travels slightly downward, forward of the inferior alveolar artery, and turns back toward the mandibular base. It advances to the mandibular joint almost directly. The route taken was classified into three types. Toward the head of the mandible, the temporomandibular branch, after passing over the neck of the mandible, divides into two sub-branches, anterior and posterior. In our pathological study of the temporomandibular branch, there were a small number of cases with slight intimal thickening and mild elastosis. As regards sclerotic changes, particularly in cases more than 50 years old. There were very few cases showing intimal changes. Sclerotic changes of the artery supplying the head of the mandible increase with age. The same can be said of the about the constriction rate. These findings correlated with subject age.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Development of plaque-induced gingival pockets in an animal experiment].

Single teeth and resected jaw specimens including periodontal tissue were prepared as saw-cut thin-ground specimens without previous decalcification. The specimens were classified into 4 stages of pathogenesis to allow studies into the mechanisms of gingival pocket formation. Examination of the preparations under the light microscope indicated that the pathologic gingival pockets caused by microbial plaque might be formed by degenerative alterations in the second or third innermost cell layer of the junctional epithelium. The intercellular contacts were dissolved and, thus, cyst-like cavities were formed within the epithelium. The contact between tooth enamel/cementum--basal membrane--epithelial cells, however, was maintained. Artifacts could be ruled out by comparing preparations of single teeth with those of entire jaw segments.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Otosclerotic stapes: morphological and microchemical correlates. An electron microscopic and x-ray analytical investigation.

A total of 32 otosclerotic stapes is thin-sectioned without decalcification and examined using transmission and scanning electron microscopes, with a nondispersive x-ray analyzer attached to the latter. These otosclerotic stapes are classified as spongiotic, sclerotic, or preotosclerotic, accoring to their pathologic characteristics and state of mineralization. Either diffuse or patchy demineralization in the ground substance appears to be the initial stage of otosclerosis, and this area coincides with preotosclerotic lesions (also known as blue mantle) in light microscopy. Therefore, it is interpreted that demineralization precedes the destruction of ground substance in the preotosclerotic lesion. Bone mineral deposits in new otosclerotic bone appear to be related to the collagen fibrils that are embedded in the ground substance. No mineral deposit could be seen without the ground substance deposition; therefore, it is suggested that this ground substance is the single most important factor in the poor mineralization of the otosclerosis. The sclerotic lesions are well mineralized and show a typical pattern of hydroxyapatite by x-ray diffraction study. We could not confirm the notion that the sclerotic lesion is hypermineralized as compared to the normal stapes. The spongiotic lesions are poorly mineralized, with low calcium salt. Using the Ca/P ratio and x-ray diffraction pattern as criteria, it was determined that spongiotic lesions belong to unstable, immature bone.

Bone Marrow↗