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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Quantifying tissue damage from childhood injury: the minor injury severity scale.

Described an instrument designed to quantify the extent of tissue severity damage following a minor childhood injury event. Few tools exist to allow objective assessment of injury and those which do exist are oriented toward major injuries necessitating medical intervention. The Minor Injury Severity Scale (MISS) does not require specialized medical experience to apply. It yields a 0-7 score which indexes objective parameters such as depth and length of lesion for 22 different kinds of injuries. The data reported here suggest good coder reliability, excellent test-retest stability, and acceptable correspondence between mothers' and children's reports. Data are presented on divergent validity to show that tissue damage is related to but is not the same as injury outcomes such as pain, fear, and disability. Limitations of the scale and challenges to future research are also discussed.

Child↗
PubMed2000

Improved outcome for haemodialysis patients treated with high-flux membranes.

Improved survival for haemodialysis patients has been reported for synthetic, high-flux biocompatible membranes. The reported data fail to answer the question whether improved survival is related to an effect of enhanced biocompatibility or to increased clearance of larger molecular species of putative uraemic toxins. A retrospective analysis of 715 patients treated by continuous haemodialysis for up to 5 years was undertaken. Low-flux polysulfone dialysis was used exclusively for 252 patients and 463 patients were exposed for at least 3 months to high-flux polysulfone dialysis. Patients treated with high-flux dialysis had a lower mortality (21 vs 36 per 1000 years) and significantly lower standardized mortality ratio. For non-diabetic patients the 5-year probability of survival was significantly greater for high-flux patients (Kaplan-Meier: 92% vs 69%; P=0.036). High-flux dialysis significantly reduced the adverse effect of age on survival. In a Cox proportional hazard model membrane flux (high vs low) was one of the covariates with strong predictor value for reduction of death risk in non-diabetic patients. Although other variables may explain the better survival of patients exposed to high-flux dialysis the data reported here suggest that higher membrane flux, implying higher clearance of larger molecular species and independent of biocompatibility, is associated with improved survival for haemodialysis patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Medium-term trends in the occurrence of rheumatic diseases in European countries. Results of an inquiry on statistical data.

An inquiry based on statistical data concerning rheumatic diseases in seven European countries was performed. The data reported were based on the ICD (8th revision, 1965). The time of reference was the period 1968-78. The countries concerned (Czechoslovakia, Finland, France, the GDR, Poland, Sweden and the United Kingdom) reported data on the following 'measures of frequency': rates of hospital discharge; rates of spells of sickness and incapacity for work; incidences of disability pension due to rheumatic disorders. The main results are threefold: The social importance of rheumatic diseases has been increasing in several European countries in the late 1960s and 1970s, though the situation differs from one country to another. There is sufficient evidence to assume a true increase in the occurrence of clinical symptoms among persons afflicted with 'degenerative arthropathy', i.e. osteoarthrosis and vertebrogenic pain. The increasing social importance of 'degenerative arthropathy' ought to stimulate a process of rethinking of the traditionally established priorities in rheumatological research and practice.

Absenteeism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Glomerulopathic light chain-mesangial cell interactions modulate in vitro extracellular matrix remodeling and reproduce mesangiopathic findings documented in vivo.

Glomerulopathic light chains (LCs) are associated with two distinct mesangiopathies: AL (light-chain-related) amyloidosis and light-chain deposition disease (LCDD) with immunomorphologic features that are well documented in the literature. Even though both conditions are caused by monoclonal LCs, these entities differ dramatically in their morphologic expressions. In AL amyloidosis the mesangial matrix is replaced by amyloid fibrils, while in LCDD the matrix increases as a consequence of deposition of excess extracellular matrix (ECM). The immunomorphologic mesangial alterations observed in biopsy material are closely reproduced in vitro when mesangial cells grown on an artificial matrix are incubated with monoclonal light chains obtained from the urine of patients with either condition. This article summarizes previously reported data, reports new findings, and focuses on integrating all the available information on the subject. When mesangial cells are incubated with LCDD-LCs, production of ECM proteins (collagen IV, laminin, fibronectin, and tenascin) is increased, with maximum effect at 72 hours post LC treatment. A concomitant decrease in collagenase IV activity further accentuates the accumulation of mesangial matrix. These effects are mediated through transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) activation. In contrast, when mesangial cells are incubated with Am-LCs, a decrease in ECM protein production and a stimulatory effect on collagenase IV is observed, which results in matrix degradation and facilitates amyloid deposition. The decreased TGF-beta documented in the literature in this setting precludes adequate matrix repair. These findings substantiate the morphologic alterations observed in renal biopsy specimens and in the in vitro model. Using this in vitro model, it is then possible to delineate the LC interactions with putative receptors at the mesangial cell surface that regulate mesangial cell pathobiologic responses and mesangial matrix homeostasis.

Amyloid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Behavior of serum proteins and lipids after jejuno-ileal bypass for obesity].

Variations in body weight, behaviour of lipidaemic fractions proteinaemia, uricaemia and uricuria, and lipid and protein absorption were studied preoperatively and at varying times following operation in five subjects who had undergone jejuno-ileal bypass for obesity. The results showed high serous NEFA and a definite, early and persistent reduction in all lipidaemic fractions after operation. The post-operative levels of serous proteins, particularly albumin, which were reduced in all subjects, reached pathological levels in two patients where proteic malnutrition following on the operation was associated with serious liver disease. The results agree with reported data. The variations in lipidic and proteic malabsorption proved to be in agreement with weight drop and the serous parameters considered. The reduction in uricaemia encountered in the five patients studied failed to agree with data reported in the Anglo-Saxon literature. This may be explained by alimentary and racial differences between the two populations of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Phospholipid-enriched bacterial chromatophores. A system suited to investigate the ubiquinone-mediated interactions of protein complexes in photosynthetic oxidoreduction processes.

Fusion of phospholipid vesicles with photosynthetic chromatophores from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides was induced by freezing and thawing. After sucrose density gradient sedimentation, bands containing closed vesicles characterized by different phospholipid to reaction center molar ratios could be isolated and analyzed morphologically and functionally by means of electron microscopy and fast spectroscopy, respectively. Analogously to data reported for phospholipid-enriched mitochondrial inner membranes (Schneider, H., Lemasters, J. J., and Hackenbrock, C. R. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 10793), the rate of photosynthetic electron transfer in phospholipid-enriched chromatophores decreased with increasing distance between integral membrane complexes. A fast cyclic electron transfer could be restored when the concentration of the ubiquinone pool within the lipid bilayer was reconstituted by additions of exogenous ubiquinone. These results suggest that cyclic electron transfer between reaction center and ubiquinol-cytochrome c2 oxidoreductase complexes in phospholipid-enriched chromatophores is limited by the lateral diffusion of the quinone molecules in the membrane plane. The observation that dilution of the quinone pool in the lipid bilayer affects the rate of photosynthetic electron transport contrasts with previously reported data which indicated that up to 80% of the quinone pool can be removed without altering the kinetic parameters of the overall process. These conflicting results can be reconciled by a model which assumes that the relative orientation of the protein complexes, possibly controlled by protein-protein interactions within the lipid bilayer, plays a key role in the effectiveness of the molecular collisions. According to a diffusion-limited mechanism, this would lead to a fast electron transfer during the photosynthetic reactions.

Bacterial Chromatophores↗
PubMed1984

Up- and down-regulation of insulin receptors. Kinetic models.

A theoretical model for insulin receptor synthesis and degradation in differentiating 3T3-L1 adipocytes is described. This three-step irreversible ordered sequence model explains the up- and down-regulation of receptors in terms of the level of insulin concentration. Kinetic expressions were derived for the model. Numerical solutions for these equations, based on data reported by Reed and Lane (Reed, B.C., and Lane, M. D. (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77, 285-289) were used for computer-generated curves illustrating insulin-dependent receptor synthesis and degradation. Results show that this model provides the best fit to the reported data and lend support to the suggestion that the free recycled receptor may differ from the newly synthesized receptor. A possible role for the recycled receptor in signal modulation is suggested.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1993

Estimation of early childhood mortality using preceding birth technique in a community-based setting.

The preceding birth technique, an indirect method for estimating early childhood mortality based on ascertaining the survival of previous children, was applied in rural Ethiopia within a system of demographic surveillance. Trained community health workers acted as interviewers and transmission flow of the routine health information system was used for data reporting. Data were collected for a median 12 month period from 39 sampled villages of Ticho district in Arsi region. From 1064 mothers having at least a second birth, the proportion dead of the last birth was 0.138 (95% CI 0.117-0.150), corresponding approximately to the probability of dying between birth and age two. It approximates to an infant mortality rate of about 100 x 1000 live-births. From 974 mothers having at least a higher-order birth, the proportion dead of the second to last birth was 0.203 (95% CI 0.178-0.228), equivalent to the risk of dying between 0 and age 5. In spite of the progressive migration of the surveyed population, the process and the outcome of the study suggest that PBT may well be inserted into a primary health care information system run by trained community health workers.

Birth Order↗
PubMed1993

Declining trends in some sexually transmitted diseases in Norway between 1975 and 1991 with special reference to a Lapp population.

Trends of N. gonorrhoeae (1975-1991) and C. trachomatis (1988-1991) infections in Norway were analysed by the National Institute of Public Health (SIFF) using data reported by physicians. The validity of the reporting system was evaluated by comparing reported data from the three northernmost counties and particularly the Kautokeino community to SIFF with confirmed positive specimens analysed by the two microbiological laboratories serving this area. The incidence of gonorrhoea in Norway has declined continuously from 300 cases per 100,000 annually in 1976 to 15 in 1991, whereas C. trachomatis infections with annual rates of 300 cases per 100,000 during the last 4 years has shown no significant decrease. The incidence of gonorrhoea in the county of Finnmark has shown the same declining trend as for the rest of the country, but is still four times higher than the national average. C. trachomatis infections show no obvious declining tendency in any part of the country and is three to four times higher in Finnmark than the average for the country. Kautokeino experienced a dramatic decrease in gonococcal infections from more than 1000 cases per 100,000 in 1976 to almost eradication in 1991, whereas C. trachomatis infections show a four times higher annual incidence than the national average. Although gonorrhoea is almost eradicated in Norway, C. trachomatis infections remain an important public health problem. This study indicates that young, sexually active individuals need to be targeted for effective health education in order to modify behaviour patterns which put them at risk of acquiring STDs.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

American Society for Cytotechnology quality assurance survey data. Summary report.

The data produced by membership surveys undertaken by the American Society for Cytotechnology that pertain to the quality diagnosis of Papanicolaou smears are reviewed. The results documented the parameters in such areas as workload, quality control, health and safety, continuing education, productivity measurement, reporting systems and salaries and helped to pinpoint problems in these areas. Some of these problems are being addressed through cooperative efforts with other groups concerned with improving the diagnostic accuracy of cytopathology.

Cell Biology↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Analysis of bone scintigram data using speech recognition reporting system--data analysis with speech recognition system.

Five hundred eighty bone scintigram reports were stored using a voice pattern recognition system in a general-purpose, middle-sized computer (ACOS-650). Bone scintigraphy carried out in our institute was examined by analyzing these data. The results of the examination showed that the introduction of this system made it possible to analyze all the data quickly. Before the introduction of this system, the data able to be analyzed had been restricted because of their complexity. The results also showed that this system would be useful for understanding the examinations carried out in the whole hospital as well as for analyzing metastatic tumors and the number of patients receiving examinations. Furthermore, this system would be helpful in the logical analysis of reports prepared by doctors.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed2000

Infant zygosity can be assigned by parental report questionnaire data.

A parental report questionnaire posted to a population sample of 18-month-old twins correctly assigned zygosity in 95%of cases when validated against zygosity determined by identity of polymorphic DNA markers. The questionnaire was as accurate when readministered at 3 years of age, with 96% of children being assigned the same zygosity on both occasions. The results validate the use of parental report questionnaire data to determine zygosity in infancy.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed1997

Reports on contrast media reactions: analysis of data from reports to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

PURPOSE: To compare U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and manufacturer data about patient reactions to ionic and nonionic, low- and high-osmolar contrast media from 1990 through 1994. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Reactions to all available high-osmolar and four low-osmolar contrast media (ioxaglate, iohexol, iopamidol, and ioversol) were compared. Ioxaglate is composed of charged particles, and data are reported separately. Reactions were also compared with data from 1980 to 1984, when only high-osmolar contrast media were available. RESULTS: With high-osmolar contrast media compared with the three noncharged low-osmolar media, the incidence (per million examinations) was highest for all reported reactions (193.8 vs 44.4), severe reactions (37.4 vs 10.5), and deaths (3.9 vs 2.1). With high-osmolar media compared with ioxaglate, respectively, the incidence of total reactions was higher (193.8 vs 142.5), of severe reactions was almost the same (37.4 vs 33.6), and of death was lower (3.9 vs 6.4). The incidence of severe reactions to total reactions was higher with nonionic media (23.7%) and ioxaglate (23.6%) than with ionic media (19.3%). The incidence of death to severe reactions was 19.7% with nonionic media, 19.0% with ioxaglate, and 10.4% with high-osmolar media. The incidence of renal failure (as a percentage of total reports) was approximately 3.6 times higher with all low-osmolar contrast media (2.3%) than with high-osmolar media (0.6%), usually in patients with pathologic cardiac conditions. CONCLUSION: All of these factors merit consideration in the evaluation of the utility of a given contrast medium.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Abstracting data from medical examiner/coroner reports: concordance among abstractors and implications for data reporting.

The purpose of this study was two-pronged: 1) to determine the level of concordance (agreement) between multiple records abstractors who extracted defined data elements from printed medical examiner/coroner (ME/C) death investigation records; and 2) to identify data items for which improved reporting could facilitate the effective use of ME/C reports and data. Four hundred ninety four printed death investigation records were obtained from 224 medical examiner/coroner offices throughout the United States. Trained abstractors were asked to extract information for 110 data elements from investigative reports. Additional data elements for each toxicology workup were abstracted from toxicology laboratory reports and six-digit AIS codes were also abstracted for each injury as described in autopsy reports. The ability of multiple abstractors to identify each data element and identically abstract the data was assessed using Kappa statistical methods. Level of agreement for many data elements was very good (>0.9), but for some data elements agreement was marginal to poor, especially for items related to toxicology, the nature of specific injuries, and dates, times of the occurrence of death and injury. Many data items can be easily abstracted from ME/C records. However, some data items seem difficult to abstract reliably in all cases. Standardizing the report formats used by ME/Cs and/or standardizing the electronic storage of ME/C data would make the abstraction of such data easier and improve the usefulness of ME/C data.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Formula predicting survival in patients with invasive cutaneous malignant melanoma.

Popescu et al. (Mayo Clin Proc., 65 (1990) 1293-1302) reported survival data in 107 patients who were diagnosed as having malignant melanoma during the years 1950-1985. Survival was evaluated by using the Kaplan-Meier method. A microcomputer program in BASIC for predicting the survival probability after diagnosis in patients with invasive cutaneous malignant melanoma is designed. A formula used in this program is derived from the survival data reported by Popescu et al. A mathematical model of generalized lognormal distribution and a computer program previously published by the author are employed in this study. Analysis of the computer-assisted predicted values and the data reported by Popescu et al. indicates that the program is accurate and reliable with a close agreement in expressing survival probability as a function of time after diagnosis. The computer-assisted predictive formula can determine the relationship between the time and the survival probability, and may be of value for prognostic evaluation of patients. The mathematical model representing the generalized lognormal distribution may be used as a method of parametric analysis of survival data of estimates determined by the nonparametric product-limit method of Kaplan-Meier in certain biological phenomena.

Female↗
PubMed1993

Formulas predicting survival in patients with heart transplantation.

Kirklin et al. (J Heart Transpl. 7 (1988) 331-336) reported survival data in 132 patients who underwent heart transplantation. Survival was evaluated by using the product-limit method of Kaplan-Meier and maximum likelihood method. In addition, the effect of pulmonary vascular resistance on survival was estimated by using multivariate analysis. A microcomputer program in BASIC for predicting the survival probability after transplantation in patients with heart transplantation is designed. The formula used in this program is derived from the survival data reported by Kirklin et al. (J Heart Transpl. 7 (1988) 331-336). A mathematical model of the 'probacent'-probability equation and a computer program previously published by the author are employed in this study. Analysis of the computer-assisted predicted values and the data reported by Kirklin et al. (J Heart Transpl. 7 (1988) 331-336) indicates that the program is accurate and reliable with a complete agreement in expressing survival probability as a function of time after heart transplantation. The computer-assisted predictive formula can determine the relationship between the time and the survival probability and may be of value for prognostic evaluation of patients. The computer-assisted mathematical model of the 'probacent'-probability equation may be proposed as a general approximation method to make useful predictions of probable outcomes in various biomedical phenomena.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1998

The National Cancer Data Base report on carcinoma of the gallbladder, 1989-1995.

BACKGROUND: Reports utilizing data from the Commission on Cancer's National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) have previously contained evaluations of time trends for stage of disease at diagnosis, treatment, and survival for multiple tumor sites. Data collected from 1989, 1990, 1994, and 1995 for carcinoma of the gallbladder are presented herein. METHODS: The data presented in this review were collected from hospital cancer registries from across the U.S. Seven calls for data yielded a total of 5,850,000 cases for the years 1985-1995, including 2574 gallbladder carcinoma cases from 1989-1990 and 2914 cases from 1994-1995 from hospital cancer registries across the U.S. These data represent approximately 8.8% and 8.4% of the estimated cases of liver and biliary track cancers diagnosed in the U.S. during the two respective time periods. RESULTS: There were no changes in patient demographics between 1989-1990 and 1994-1995. Most gallbladder carcinoma patients were white women. The documentation of tumor stage improved noticeably between the two study periods. There was no increased frequency in the occurrence of early stage tumors between the two reporting times, an era that saw the development and widespread application of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Treatment differed according to stage of disease. Surgery alone, particularly nonradical surgery, was performed more frequently in the initial treatment of gallbladder carcinoma. A large percentage of gallbladder carcinoma patients received no definitive therapeutic intervention because of the advanced stage of disease at presentation and the lack of effective treatments for these cancers. Multimodality treatment was utilized more often for young patients. Survival was closely related to tumor stage, with 60% 5-year survival for Stage 0 patients, 39% for Stage I patients, and 15% for Stage II patients, but only 5% for Stage III patients and 1% for Stage IV patients. Patient outcome was not demonstrably affected by more aggressive therapy, nor was an adverse effect in results seen in early stage cancers between 1989-1990 and 1994-1995. CONCLUSIONS: The NCDB data are valuable in the evaluation of trends in malignant diseases, treatments, and patient survival. No substantial differences were apparent in the diagnosis, treatment, and survival of patients during this 7-year study period. The data do not support any adverse effect on outcome results with the introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the U.S.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

[Scintiscanning with technetium-99m pertechnetate in the diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum].

Personal experience with technetium99m pertecnetate scanning in the diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum is reported. The data reported indicate that the scan can be considered positive when the lower right quadrant of the abdomen shows a definite accumulation of radioactivity. Of 12 children examined, 4 responses were positive. These 4 patients were submitted to surgery and this confirmed the presence of Meckel's diverticulum containing gastric mucosa, and of an ulcer in the adjacent ileal mucosa. After discussing the clinical value of the investigation and having examined the problem of false positives and false negatives, in relation to reported data, it is concluded that scanning with technetium has a vital role to play in the diagnosis of haemorrhage due to Meckel's diverticulum.

Adolescent↗