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PubMed1978

Planning community treatment for sex offenders.

In California and in Great Britain plans are being made to move the treatment setting for many sex offenders from large state hospitals to community sites. The most useful aspects of the state hospital programs can be adapted to the community setting. In the proposed treatment centers, graded levels of security may include inpatient, half-way house, and outpatient facilities. The therapist will coordinate social and educational programs as well as psychiatric care. Optimally, the community treatment center will have university support so as to facilitate training in forensic psychiatry and research into the etiology and management of sexually aggressive behavior.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed2006

Is speeding a form of gambling in adolescents?

Speeding is a major contributor to motor vehicle accidents, which are the leading cause of death in adolescents. This study compares the extent to which adolescents with gambling behavior and substance use reported driving over the posted speed limits ("speeding"). Florida adolescents ages 13-17 (n = 1051) were surveyed, and asked about gambling activities, problems related to gambling, substance use, demographic questions, and speeding. Of the 562 respondents who were drivers, the gender distribution was 52.1% male and 47.9% female. Of those respondents, 76.9% were Caucasian, 6.8% were African American, 10.1% were Hispanic, and 6.1% were Native American/Asian/Other. Simple correlation analysis revealed that self-reported speeding is significantly related to gambling behavior and substance use. When a linear regression model was used, four factors showed the most significant influence on self-reported speeding: past year gambling tendency, age, trouble with the police due to drinking, and tranquilizer usage. Gambling behavior and high-risk speeding (driving ≥ 10 mph over speed limit) also were noted to be positively correlated. Our data indicate a relationship between risky driving, gambling, and other risk-taking behaviors in adolescents, and support the hypothesis that speeding may be a form of gambling behavior in this age group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

A checklist of hospitalization criteria for use with children.

Each year in the U.S. more than 130,000 children are hospitalized for psychiatric reasons. The decision to hospitalize a child is based on a complex set of factors. In this study, a 12-item checklist of criteria for hospitalization adapted by the authors was tested for its ability to predict hospitalization in a cohort of 389 children between the ages of two and 12 who were evaluated for either inpatient or outpatient treatment. Eighty-seven (22 percent) of the children were subsequently hospitalized. In 95 percent of the cases, the checklist was able to correctly predict whether the patient was hospitalized. A shorter checklist of six items was also able to predict the subsequent form of treatment in 95 percent of the cases. Although such checklists cannot take the place of informed clinical decisions, they can serve as a guide to decision making, especially for inexperienced mental health workers, and as a tool for utilization review when treatment decisions are questioned.

Child↗
PubMed1994

Gang violence and the street smart nurse.

Gangs are a serious, growing, and costly problem across the nation. The CHN is at increased risk for incidental harm as the result of escalating street gang violence. To ensure personal safety, the CHN must be street smart about youth gangs. This involves learning about the gang mindset, detecting risk in the environment, and maintaining a defensive posture. Because they closely interact with high-risk families and youths, CHNs are in a pivotal position to intervene successfully in the family and community problem of youth street gangs. It is intended that this article will heighten awareness of the seriousness of the gang problem. It is further intended to stimulate interest in nursing research in these areas: (a) personal street-safety strategies, (b) street-safety guidelines for community nursing agencies, (c) stress reduction approaches for the CHN, and (d) gang intervention strategies at the family and community levels of practice. CHNs must seek opportunity in their role to make a difference in the national problem of youth gang violence, for it is a community tragedy that is not going to go away.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Applying the revoked driving privilege law according to section 25 StVG].

The driving ban is an urgent mean of education. If a fine is fixed against a motorist on account of drunk driving, a driving ban has usually to be ordered according to section 25 section 1 sentence 2 StVG, because the driving of a motor vehicle in a stage of drunkness represents a dangerous way of behavior. There are nevertheless other comparatively dangerous ways of behavior on the roads; to that belongs especially the infringe of the permissable speed limit. For that reason there are more legal driving bans necessary.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1997

Vulnerability to victimization, concurrent problem behaviors, and peer influence as predictors of in-school weapon carrying among high school students.

Previous research has indicated the potential relevance of three constructs in the prediction of adolescent weapon carrying, (a) general delinquency, (b) self-protection, and (c) social influence. The current study tests the independent associations between in-school weapon carrying and these three constructs. The sample consisted of 504 students from seven southern California high schools. Overall, 25% of the sample carried a weapon to school in the last year. Self-defense was the most commonly reported reason for in-school weapon carrying. The results from a simultaneous logistic regression analysis indicated increased risk of in-school weapon carrying among students who are male, who are affiliated with gangs or tagging crews, who are exposed to peers who carry weapons to school, and who feel vulnerable to being victimized. Prevention programs targeted at reducing in-school weapon carrying may benefit from a comprehensive focus that includes efforts to reduce involvement in other problem behaviors, influence norms regarding weapon carrying, and reduce actual and perceived vulnerability to victimization.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

The role of repeat victimization in adolescent delinquent behaviors and recidivism.

PURPOSE: To report prevalence of adolescent victimization and delinquency recidivism as well as to assess the association between repeat victimization and delinquency recidivism in a large, population-based sample of high school seniors. METHODS: A nationally representative sample of the Monitoring the Future Project (about 17,000 high school seniors from 1996 to 1999) was analyzed as a pooled sample. The analysis was based on self-reported measures of ten different types of delinquent behaviors including violent and property offenses. Other measures included in the analysis are victimization and information about sociodemographic (e.g,. geographic region, parental education, number of parents in the home) and lifestyle (e.g., grade from average, truancy, work experience, religious commitment) characteristics. Pairwise and multivariate methods were used to examine the risk association between repeat victimization and delinquency recidivism. RESULTS: From 1996 to 1999, a downward trend was observed for most types of delinquent behaviors: recidivism among seniors except for hitting instructors/supervisors, damaging school property, and car theft. For the same study period, the prevalence of victimization recidivism was also on the decline except for injury with a weapon and physical threats. Repeat victimization was found to be significantly associated with delinquency recidivism. Other risk factors more frequently associated with delinquency recidivism included gender, race, drug use, poor school performance, truancy, risk-seeking, and conflicts with parents. CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed a significant association between repeat victimization and delinquent recidivism; it identified characteristics of adolescent at risk of repetitive delinquent behaviors, which could be used for planning intervention strategies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Psychopathology and social competencies of adolescents who were extremely low birth weight.

BACKGROUND: We have previously shown that infants who were extremely low birth weight (ELBW) are particularly vulnerable to problems related to inattention and hyperactivity at school age. It is not known whether these problems persist to adolescence. OBJECTIVE: To explore and compare the levels of psychopathology in a regional cohort of ELBW infants and sociodemographically matched term controls as reported by teens and their parents. DESIGN/METHODS: Cross-sectional cohort study/geographically defined region. PARTICIPANTS: TEENS: ELBW 141/169 (83%) and control 122/145 (84%), aged 12 to 16 years. PARENTS: ELBW 143/169 (85%) and control 123/145 (85%). Both cohorts and their parents completed the Ontario Child Health Study-Revised questionnaire with 6 behavioral subsca1es: conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), overanxious, separation anxiety, and depression. RESULTS: By teen self-report, there were no significant differences between ELBW and control teens on any of the 6 subscale scores. However, parents of ELBW teens reported significantly higher scores than parents of control for depression and ADHD based on 2-way analysis of variance (group x gender). Comparison within teen/parent dyads showed that both cohorts of teens reported significantly higher scores than their parents. Multivariable analyses on behavioral subscale scores demonstrated a number of variables that were significant predictors by parent report: group (ELBW vs control), gender, family function, developmental quotient, maternal mood, and socioeconomic status; no predictors were significant by teen report. There were no statistically significant interaction effects for any of the models. These models explained a greater percent of the variance in behavioral scores for parents than for teens (12.5%-22.0% vs 3.4%-8.2%). Results were similar when teens with neurosensory impairment were excluded. CONCLUSIONS: This study is unique in the inclusion of both parent and teen self-report of behaviors. Significant differences were apparent only by parent report for ADHD and depression among ELBW teens. Significant predictors of behavioral scores for parents include group, gender, family function, developmental quotient, maternal mood, and socioeconomic status.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1985

Fire-setting behavior in the histories of a state hospital population.

Review of the records of 191 nongeriatric state hospital inpatients showed that 50 (26%) of the patients had engaged in some form of fire-setting behavior; half of this group had engaged in a single episode. As a group, persons who had engaged in fire-setting behavior were significantly more likely to have a history of nonlethal self-injurious behavior and had a significantly greater number of admissions to the state hospital. The data suggest that fire setting by any patient cannot be accurately predicted and that fire-setting behavior may be an example of destructive operant behavior.

Adolescent↗