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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Accuracy of the Nidek ARK-900 objective refractor in comparison with retinoscopy in children ages 3 to 18 years.

PURPOSE: To compare the increased speed and accuracy of the Nidek ARK-900 objective refractor with standard retinoscopy. METHODS: In a prospective study, 100 children aged 3 to 18 years were refracted after cycloplegia. Visual acuity measurements were determined in randomized fashion with the Nidek objective refractor, by retinoscopy, and by subjective refraction. One eye from each patient was included in the study. RESULTS: Ninety-six percent of the children read the 20/30 line perfectly with the result from the objective refractor compared to 88% with retinoscopy. The mean +/- SD visual acuity value obtained with the objective refractor was 20/24 +/- 4.75 and with retinoscopy was 20/27 +/- 6.8, a significant difference (paired t value = 4.81, P < .001). CONCLUSION: The Nidek ARK-900, representing the third generation of objective refractors, is comparable or superior to retinoscopy in accuracy in children, can be easily run by an ophthalmic technician, and therefore eliminates the physician's examination time required for retinoscopy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Laser photomydriasis in pseudophakic pupillary block.

Pupillary block glaucoma is a potential complication of implantation. Early recognition and prompt medical therapy will generally successfully treat the condition. In some instances surgical treatment is required if medical therapy is inadequate. Laser iridectomy and laser photomydriasis are other alternatives to surgical therapy. This case reports successful treatment of pseudophakic pupillary block glaucoma using laser photomydriasis.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

How safe are ocular drugs in pediatrics?

In comparison with that of adults, the smaller body mass of children raises questions of dosage. In addition, manifestations of ocular drug toxicity are different in some respects. The ocular drugs causing serious adverse ocular or systemic side effects in children include glaucoma medications, corticosteroids, phenylephrine, and the anticholinergic cycloplegics. The reported complications from using these medications in children will be briefly reviewed, and strategies for minimizing the risk of their adverse effects will be suggested, including a discussion of dosages and techniques of administration.

Absorption↗
PubMed2004

Comparison of the handheld Retinomax K-Plus2 and on-table autokeratometers in children with and without cycloplegia.

PURPOSE: To compare the keratometry measurements in children by the handheld Nikon Retinomax K-Plus2 (Rmax) and the on-table Topcon KR8100 autokeratometers and evaluate the degree of agreement in the 2 instruments between children with and without cycloplegia. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Municipal United Hospital, and Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. METHODS: The first cohort comprised 61 children who were consecutively collected in the pediatric ophthalmology clinic. The keratometry was measured under cycloplegia. The second cohort included 156 school children who received routine vision screening without cycloplegia. The horizontal and vertical keratometry data were measured by both instruments. The mean bias and agreement between the 2 types of measurements were evaluated. RESULTS: Both horizontal and vertical keratometry data from the Rmax were systemically and mildly lower than the data from the Topcon. The mean keratometric difference in the 2 types of instruments was minimal and clinically acceptable: 72% to 85% was within +/-0.5 diopter. The agreement of measured data in the children without cycloplegia was higher than that in the children with cycloplegia. CONCLUSIONS: The handheld Retinomax provided comparable data to that of the conventional on-table Topcon. It is useful in the clinic to measure keratometry in children and therefore may offer a convenient tool for assessing corneal curvature for fitting contact lenses or for implanting intraocular lenses in young children.

Child↗
PubMed1993

Phacoemulsification with poorly dilated pupils.

Tilting the viewing angle of the operating microscope during phacoemulsification provides the surgeon a better view of the cataractous lens. This technique, combined with continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis, divide and conquer nucleofractis, and lens rotation in the capsular bag, allows the surgeon to perform most of the phacoemulsification procedure near a well-visualized 6 o'clock meridian. This procedure can eliminate the need for iris surgery in cases with small pupils. Also discussed is the removal of the upper half of the cortical substance in patients with small pupils.

Cataract Extraction↗
PubMed1996

Effect of postoperative mydriatics on the iris.

PURPOSE: To assess the role postoperative mydriatics play after extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) and posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in causing iris modifications and in controlling inflammation. SETTING: Outpatients Department, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, Scotland. METHODS: The prospective study comprised 136 patients who had standardized ECCE. Half the patients used a mydriatic for 2 weeks postoperatively. Anterior chamber activity, pain, and eye redness were evaluated at 2 weeks postoperatively; pupil shape, peripheral anterior synechias, IOL position, and iris adhesions, at 6 weeks. RESULTS: Iris-lens adhesions were significantly more common in the group using a mydriatic. There was no difference between the two groups in postoperative inflammation. CONCLUSION: Mydriatics should not be used routinely after ECCE with posterior chamber IOL implantation.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Neonatal hyphema in precipitous delivery with dinoprostone.

Few cases of isolated hyphema in the newborn have been reported. Spontaneous hyphema in a neonate has been associated with juvenile xanthogranuloma, leukaemia, and retinoblastoma. We report a case and review the literature of neonatal hyphema associated with precipitous vaginal delivery induced with dinoprostone.

Cyclopentolate↗
PubMed1999

Visual acuity screening versus noncycloplegic autorefraction screening for astigmatism in Native American preschool children.

INTRODUCTION: Visual acuity screening (VAS) is less reliable in preschoolers than in school-aged children as a means of detecting significant refractive error. We wished to compare the effectiveness of VAS with the effectiveness of an objective method, noncycloplegic autorefraction screening (NCARS), in detecting the presence of significant astigmatism warranting spectacle correction. METHODS: We examined 245 Native American Head Start registrants aged 3 to 5 years. We attempted to obtain uncorrected visual acuity using Lea Symbols logMAR Chart (Precision Vision Inc, Villa Park, Ill), noncycloplegic autorefraction using the Nikon Retinomax K-plus (Nikon Corp, Melville, NY), and cycloplegic refraction (CR) on each eye. The VAS failure criterion was either a 2-line acuity difference between eyes or acuity worse than 20/40 in either eye. The NCARS and CR failure criterion was the spectacle correction threshold exceeding the 50th percentile on the basis of a survey of AAPOS members. RESULTS: We completed VAS in 96% of children and NCARS and CR in 100% of children. There was high prevalence (31%) of significant astigmatic refractive error in this sample. Ten subjects who did not permit bilateral visual acuity measurements were scored as having a positive test result. The sensitivity and specificity of VAS were 90% and 44%, respectively. NCARS had sensitivity and specificity of 91% and 86%, respectively. NCARS becomes cost-effective after 1044 children are screened, assuming that the cost of the autorefractor is 300 times the cost of the referral examination. CONCLUSION: VAS offers high sensitivity but suffers from poor specificity. NCARS greatly reduces the number of unnecessary referrals. In this population, NCARS becomes cost-effective after approximately 1000 children are screened.

Arizona↗
PubMed2002

Steroid responsive cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman disease associated with uveitis and hypothyroidism.

We report a patient with steroid responsive cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) associated with bilateral anterior uveitis and hypothyroidism. RDD is a rare histiocytic disorder of unknown aetiology. There is characteristic histology in which large pale-staining histiocytes exhibit emperipolesis and stain positive for S-100 protein. This condition is thought to be a reactive process rather than a neoplastic one and viral and immune mediated causes have been postulated.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Coexistent adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis and Acanthamoeba keratitis.

A 17-year-old youth presented with bilateral follicular conjunctivitis and nummular subepithelial corneal infiltrates. Failure of this to settle in an outpatient setting led to corneal scraping with microscopy and culturing for bacteria, fungi, Herpes simplex, adenovirus and Acanthamoeba as an inpatient. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of corneal cells was positive for adenovirus, and culture on live Escherichia coli-coated agar plates was positive for Acanthamoeba by phase contrast microscopy on day two. We conclude that Acanthomoeba infection can complicate adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis. This observation is in keeping with previously reported modes of infection by Acanthamoeba, whereby any epithelial breach seems to allow inoculation of the eye by this opportunistic organism.

Acanthamoeba↗
PubMed2003

Wave-front analysis as screening technique for amblyogenic ametropia with and without cycloplegia.

INTRODUCTION: For many years, attempts have been made to find an easy, efficient and inexpensive method to screen children for amblyogenic ametropia. Wave-front analysis is a new way to determine the refractive state of the eye from a distance. This technique could be a useful tool for infant screening. PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was the evaluation of the efficacy of a commercially available wave-front analyzing autorefractometer (SureSight, software version 2.0, Welch Allyn, Skaneateles Falls, NY 13153, U.S.A.) in detecting amblyogenic ametropia in patients with and without cycloplegia. METHODS: 256 eyes (-28.25 D to +7.88 D spherical equivalent) of 128 patients (1-81 years) were examined with the wave-front autorefractometer under cycloplegia. Prior to this investigation, 108 eyes (-21.38 D to 75 D) of 54 of these patients (1-76 years) were refracted without cycloplegia. The readings of the wave-front autorefractometer were compared with the results of retinoscopy under cycloplegia. RESULTS: Without cycloplegia, the sensitivity in detecting any amblyogenic ametropia such as anisometropia, astigmatism, myopia or hyperopia was 94%, while the specificity was 63%. Following cycloplegia, the sensitivity decreased to 87% and the specificity increased to 80%. CONCLUSION: Wave-front analyzing refractometry is highly applicable for infant screening. At the present state of development, the efficacy in detecting amblyogenic ametropia is similar to that of other screening techniques and instruments that operate from distance. Cycloplegia enhances the sensitivity in detecting hyperopia and decreases the sensitivity in detecting astigmatism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Peripheral ulcerative keratitis after Salmonella gastroenteritis.

PURPOSE: To describe a case of bilateral peripheral ulcerative keratitis after Salmonella gastroenteritis. METHODS: Case report with description of treatment and outcome. RESULTS: The peripheral ulcerative keratitis gradually resolved in both eyes after appropriate systemic antibiotic therapy and local ocular care. CONCLUSION: Peripheral ulcerative keratitis can result as a consequence of infectious gastroenteritis.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Variations in refractive change induced by Cyclogyl upon children with differing degrees of ametropia.

The effect of cycloplegic drugs on refraction is complicated by the presence of many variables. This study is concerned with one of these: the type and degree of refractive error. A manifest and a cycloplegic refraction were performed on 170 eyes. The difference was determined in each case and tabulated according to the type of ametropia. This experiment showed that in every instance the cycloplegic estimate was equal to or greater in hyperopia or less in myopia than when performed without drugs. The greatest difference occurred in hyperopia, decreasing to zero once myopia was reached.

Accommodation, Ocular↗