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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

A comparative evaluation of three IUDs.

Private practice clinical experience with the insertion of 3 types of IUDs (Lippes loop, Dalkon shield, Cu 7) is evaluated. Life table analyses indicated similar pregnancy rates for the 3 IUDs. Lower expulsion rates were experienced with the Dalkon shield. Higher removal rates were experienced for pelvic inflammatory disease and pain and/or bleeding with the Cu 7. In part, the higher Cu 7 removal rates reflect a change to more liberal indications for IUD removal.

Adnexa Uteri↗
PubMed1985

Evaluation of Copper I IUD's.

The development of the Copper 1 IUD (Cu 1) was an attempt to decrease the incidence of unpleasant side effects (primarily pain and bleeding) associated with IUD use, by reducing the size of the vector carrying the copper. The Cu 1 consists of a straight stem with crossarms in an "X" configuration, designed to anchor the IUD in place. The device was tested in 98 interval women in the Hospital Barros Luco in Santiago, Chile who were asked to return at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post-insertion for follow-up examinations. There was only 1 removal for bleeding and pain; however, both pregnancy and expulsion rates were high at 9.0 and 16.0 respectively after 12 months. The crossarms did not keep the device in place as expected. The high pregnancy rate may have been due to the reduced size of the IUD and to increased displacement/expulsion. Future efforts to decrease IUD size will be dependent on designing an IUD which will be less easily expelled or displaced.

Americas↗
PubMed1985

A comparison of the actual and expected response following removal of an IUD.

The expected pain before insertion and immediate and 3 minutes pain response following IUD insertion was evaluated in 38 nulliparous women undergoing a 1st IUD removal. Expected pain was significantly greater than immediate pain and both were significantly greater than 3 minute pain. Immediate pain after IUD removal was positively related to expected pain, but the relationship was not strong enough to be clinically useful. IUD removal was highly significantly related to cervical resistance, and this relationship was made very much greater by the use of expected pain as a clinical parameter. IUD removal pain is probably related to IUD retention forces, and this relationship should be investigated.

Contraception↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical comparison of four types of IUDs made in China].

In order to compare the clinical efficacy of 4 types China made IUDs, this paper reported the study of a total of 1227 cases who, from January 1973 to June 1975, had used 1 of the 4 types of IUDs -- the stainless steel ring, metallic plastic mixed ring, metallic and silastic copper-shaped devices. The study was not a random allocation but was done, 1 type by 1, during the period. Life table method and logrank test were used to calculate and analyze the different events among these 4 types. 1147 cases were followed up for more than 5 years. The 5-year followup rate was 93.48%. Patients using these 4 types were comparable among themselves since the distribution of their age, gravida, para, and time of insertion were the same or quite similar. Study results were as follows: the cumulative pregnancy rates of the 2 copper V-shaped IUDs were significantly lower than that of the steel and mixed ring (p0.01); the cumulative expulsion rate of the steel ring was comparatively high, but there was no statistical difference compared with the others; bleeding was the main cause of medical removals; there was a higher cumulative medical removal rate of the V-shaped than that of the ring-shaped and also a significant difference between them (p0.01). However, at every year, the year-cumulative continuation rates were similar despite the difference of the events of discontinuation rates. The fact that 51.72-62.29% of the subjects continued to wear these IUDs indicated that the efficacy of the 4 types of IUDs was satisfactory even after a 5-year course.

Birth Rate↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical effects in 1136 cases of Beijing silicon rubber IUD and its effect on the endometrium].

Beijing Silicon Rubber IUD was designed by Xuan Wu Hospital and Beijing Silicon Rubber Manufacturing Research Institute in 1980. Animal experiments of the silicon rubber were done, and toxic effect studied before clinical use. 1136 cases were reported at the end of 12 months by 6 hospitals in Beijing. The followup rate was 93.75%. Life table of 12 months showed the cumulative continuation rate of the IUD was 82.45%, pregnancy rate 4.5%, expulsion rate 8.49%, removal for medical cause 3.9%, and removal for personal reasons 0.64%. Among the side effects, menstrual irregularity was 5.03%, blood discharge 6.35%, dysmenorrhea 11.95%, backache 31.1%, and leucorrhea 18.12%. Menstrual blood loss was measured in 30 cases before and after 1, 2, 3 months of insertion. The mean blood loss before insertion was 51.96 ml (51.71 +or- 15.95), while 1 month after insertion it was 62.9 ml (70.59 +or- 26.81), 2 months after insertion 71 ml, and 3 months after insertion 75 ml. The morphological endometrial change as compared with that by induced stainless steel ring is not much heavier especially in regard to glandular and stromal changes. The endometrial cytologic count of white cells of the IUD group (34 cases) in comparison with that of the control group (36 cases) was about twice as much in number. As Moyer reported, the endometrial cell count of IUD cases was about 6-10 times that of control cases. The authors consider that the cellular reaction of this IUD is not much greater than that of other types of IUDs.

Birth Rate↗
PubMed1983

[A study to lower the expulsion rate of IUDs].

The author has been investigating why the shape and size of the IUD must be suitable to the geometric size and shape of the endometrial cavity. Women vary greatly in the shape and size of the endometrial cavity. When any woman needs to use an IUD, one should measure the transverse as well as the longitudinal diameter of the endometrial cavity at the fundus. One cannot simply depend on the longitudinal length of the vertical axis of the endometrial cavity in choosing the diameter of the ring. The author always uses the uterine metrology device of the GCH-I types to select the diameter of the ring. 1561 women who were wearing IUDs were measured and the probe was used to measure the vertical axis of the endometrial cavity for 1355 women. The women were followed for 3 years. The rate of expulsion of IUDs in the former was 3.9%, and in the latter 6.0. Particularly, the rate of removal in the former because of disease was much lower. There was a marked difference between the two.

Contraception↗
PubMed1983

[Duration of use for stainless steel ring--15 years of follow-up for 6250 cases].

This study was to observe the longterm safety in using stainless steel ring (metal ring). 6250 cases have been followed up for 15 years. The net cumulative pregnancy rate was 5.51, expulsion rate 17.74, rate of removal due to medical reasons 21.74, continuation rate 6.48/women (life table) after 15 years of insertion. Events took place more frequently in the 1st year of insertion, gradually decreased in the second, and tended to be stabilized to a low level thereafter. The removal rate for nonmedical reasons had been increasing with the increase in the period of insertion. 5 cases of cervical cancer and 2 of endometrial carcinoma occurred within the 15 years of observation. The incidence was not higher than that in the 1971-72 general survey at Shanghai. Among the 6250 cases, there were 43 cases (0.85%) of removal due to infection, and 9 cases of ectopic pregnancy, of which 6 cases occurred within the first 2 years of insertion, and 2 cases of intraperitoneal metal ring were found but with no severe complications. The duration of using the metal ring was also discussed. According to clinical and pathological observations, the metal ring did not increase the risk of uterine cancer and caused only a few mild complications. Therefore, it can be used for 15-20 years, provided there are no clinical symptoms. The relationship between the IUD and ectopic or PID remains to be further explored.

Birth Rate↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical evaluation of hysteroscopy in management of missing and difficult-to-remove IUDs].

32 cases of missing and difficult-to-remove IUDs were examined by hysteroscopy, using carbon dioxide as the medium to distend the uterine cavity. Of these, 6 cases with IUDs or retained broken pieces previously missed by fluoroscopic examination were detected by hysteroscopy; 3 cases previously reported as having IUDs by fluoroscopic examination, which, however, failed to be removed after 3-5 trials in other hospitals (with 1 case resulting in perforation of the uterus and serious infection) were diagnosed by hysteroscopy to have IUDs translocated outside the uterus. Based on the relationship between IUDs and the uterine cavity established through hysteroscopic examination, the 32 cases in the present study could be classifed chiefly into 4 groups: IUD lying free within the uterine cavity (16 cases), IUD embedded in uterine wall (9 cases), retained broken pieces (4 cases), and IUD outside the uterus -- translocation of IUD (3 cases). after locating the IUD hysteroscopically, all but 1 of the free or embedded IUDs or retained broken pieces were successfully removed with a miniature hook or small grasping forceps. The only case in which the IUD could not be removed by hook or forceps was one having most of the IUD embedded deep into the myometrium. The translocated IUDs were removed by laparotomy. Findings mentioned above indicate that hysteroscopy is rather safe, not very unpleasant to the patient, and very helpful for the accurate localization of IUDs, thus facilitating their removal, particularly in cases of retained broken pieces of IUDs.

Contraception↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A clinical study on injectable contraceptive Noristerat.

Results of a clinical study involving 382 subjects using the injectable contraceptive Noristerat (norethisterone enanthate) is presented. The maximum number of acceptors were between 21-25 years of age and had been married for 6-10 years. 50% began their 1st injection within 1 year of the last childbirth. Continuation rates were very high and about 75% returned for their 2nd injection. Among the users, weight gain was seen more commonly than weight loss. There was no significant change in blood pressure. 52.2% reported a menstrual pattern which was within the acceptable range of normal, while only 12.7% had amenorrhea. 15% showed other types of menstrual disturbance. Only 1 woman in the series became pregnant. Menstrual abnormality was the most common cause for discontinuation among the 71 subjects available for interview.

Age Distribution↗