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PubMed1984

Visual thresholds in the deutan type of red-green deficient colour vision.

Defective temporal integration for a foveally fixated 100' of arc red (660 nm) Btest flash presented on a 30 cd/m2 yellow ( Schott , OG 530) background was measured in subjects with deuteranopia , as well as in subjects with anomalous trichromacy of the deutan type. The mean integration time was 77 +/- 17 ms in 12 normal subjects but only 35 +/- 6, 46 +/- 11 Band 41 +/- 15 ms in respectively 6 subjects with deuteranopia , 7 with extreme deuteranomaly Band 9 with deuteranomaly . An increase in the test duration from 10 to 200 ms increased the mean relative sensitivity by 0.85 +/- 13 log units in the normal subjects compared with 0.45 +/- 0.05, 0.57 +/- 12 and 0.56 +/- 19 in subjects with deuteranopia , extreme deuteranomaly and deuteranomaly .

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Color vision and age.

The results of pseudoisochromatic tests (TMC Ishihara, AOH-R-R) are relatively independent of age. In the Panel D-15, the NCT box 6/4 and the desaturated panel, ageing goes hand in hand with blue-yellow confusions. Fault-positive red-green confusions result from D8/2 examination. For the FM 100 Hue test and the Anomaloscope Nagel, the data found in the literature are confirmed. In nuclear cataract there is no increased shift of the Rayleigh equation towards the green, but towards the red.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Standard Pseudoisochromatic Plates part 2.

The Standard Pseudoisochromatic Plates part 2 are able to detect acquired blue-yellow color vision defects as well as acquired and congenital red-green color vision defects. One test plate might be age dependent. The value of 3 test plates is not clear.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Note on color preference and color vision test performance.

The incidence of color deficient vision was investigated using the Pseudo-Isochromatic Plates on a relatively large and representative group. In the sample of 112 adults aged 20 to 80 yr. and comprised of 53% women and 12% minorities, 8% of men and 3% of women were color deficient. Over-all performance indicated no effects for sex or race. Nearly half of the plates were nondiscriminating among sex, minority/majority, and "normal" and "defective" color vision groups. Named color preferences within the "normal" group strongly favored blues and reflected no sex differences.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Homogeneity of large-field color matches in congenital red-green color deficients.

Rayleigh matches obtained from red-green color deficients with conventional methods show large individual differences within diagnostic categories. Similar matches obtained from the same observers with a large-field substitution method show much less variability and suggest that the differences observed among simple anomals, extreme anomals, and dichromats with conventional methods are probably not solely due to the visual pigments contained in the cones. A theory that attributes these differences to the relative number of abnormal cones present in the observer's retina is described.

Color Perception↗
PubMed1995

Color matches in diseased eyes with good acuity: detection of deficits in cone optical density and in chromatic discrimination.

Reduced foveal cone optical density in diseased eyes with normal acuity can affect color matches. Using field diameters of 1 degree, 2 degrees, 4 degrees, and 8 degrees, we measured mean color-match midpoints and match widths in patients who had good acuity and who exhibited three categories of eye disease: hereditary macular degeneration (n = 12), retinitis pigmentosa (n = 19), and glaucoma (n = 18). Results were compared with those for normal observers of comparable ages. Mean color-match midpoints were abnormal only for the population with hereditary macular degeneration, indicating a reduction in cone optical density in the central 4 degrees. Mean color-match widths were enlarged for both hereditary macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa, a result consistent with a reduction in the number of foveal cones.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Eigenvector interpretation of the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test.

We measured the reflectance spectra for the 85 color caps of the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test. Eigenvectors and eigenvalues of a correlation matrix of cone responses were computed, with the cone responses being determined from the 85 test caps, arranged in order (according to color) by means of a linear model. It is shown that the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test can be simulated by use of eigenvectors of the cone responses. The eigenvectors can be interpreted as nonopponent signal and opponent color signals. The normal observer can determine the color of a cap by using two opponent color signals. For color-blind persons (dichromats) one or the other opponent signal is defective, and errors can occur during the test. The simulation results also suggest that eigenvectors can be used to predict results of arrangement tests similar to the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test.

Color Perception↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Abnormal color vision and reliable self-monitoring of blood glucose.

Color vision was assessed in 103 insulin-dependent diabetic patients using the Farnsworth-Münsell 100-Hue Test. All showed color vision impairment. Thirty-four had true dyschromatopsia while 22 suffered from tritanopia or other axial defects. We evaluated how accurately diabetic patients could monitor their own blood glucose by asking them to read a series of 30 precalibrated BM Test Glycemic Strips (Chemstrip, Boehringer, Mannheim, West Germany) without a meter. Patients with axial defects performed least well regardless of 100-Hue scores. Reading accuracy of patients with no axial defects was strongly correlated to 100-Hue scores, although patients having dyschromatopsia were consistently hesitant about their readings. Our results suggest that self-monitoring of blood glucose without a meter is indicated only after color vision has been examined by the 100-Hue Test. Self-monitoring should be voided with patients suffering from axial defects or having unsatisfactory 100-Hue scores.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Bishnupur achromats and their relatives (an exploratory study with six colour vision tests).

Thirteen subjects from the 'Sankhabaniks' of Bishnupur and two new similar cases were given six colour vision tests. All had photophobia, fixation nystagmus, low visual acuity and marked, though not complete, loss of colour sense. Forty other males and 24 females related to the defectives were also tested with at least five of the tests, for comparison. The tests were Ishihara, HRR test, Sloan's Achromatopsia test, the Dichotomous (D 15) test, Hundred Hue test and the Pickford-Nicolson Anomaloscope. The present research confirmed the provisional conclusion of Bose et al. (1968) that the achromatopsia in Bishnupur is an autosomal recessive character. That women relatives of the achromats showed greater average error scores with the Dichotomous test, the Hundred Hue test and the Sloan's test than male relatives, suggests that the defect is more readily manifested in males, and that the female relatives would include a number of genetic defectives with incomplete manifestation due to sex control. The defectives were clearly distinguished from the relatives as a group.

Adult↗