Competencies in auditory evoked potential measurement and clinical applications.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Audiology↗
SEARCH · Search PubMed
Results for “Clinical application”
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
[Development of the facial massif with clinical applications in dentistry. (Embryological, anthropological and clinical study)].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Cephalometry↗
Contemporary Views on the Nature and Clinical Application of Thymus Preparations.
The contemporary views on the clinical application and efficiency of the most well-known peptide preparations isolated from thymus are presented in this review. Among these preparations are thymosins, thymulin, thymopoetin, thymostimulin, thymopentin, thymalin, tactivin, and others. The results of clinical trials, dosages and indications of thymus peptide preparations, their advantages and disadvantages and perspectives of their therapeutical use are discussed.
Journal Article↗
Clinical applications of cytometry: 5th annual meeting.
The 5th annual Clinical Applications of Cytometry meeting was held September 12-15, 1990 in charleston, SC. The theme which emerged repeatedly throughout the meeting was the need to take full advantage of the quantitative power of cytometry to provide the most useful clinically relevant diagnostic and prognostic information. Greater quantitative power is based on careful and reproducible standards and quality control. The same principles, albeit with somewhat different approaches, apply to cell surface immunofluorescence analysis, DNA measurements, and image cytometry assessments. Monoclonal antibody probes against oncogenes, others against lymphokines within the Golgi, and a novel fluorogenic substrate designed to quantitate the activity of a mitochondrial enzyme were exciting developments described at the meeting.
Autoimmune Diseases↗
The biologic basis for the clinical application of the silicones. A correlate to their biocompatibility.
The polysiloxanes (silicones) are a group of inert and inorganic compounds that were introduced over two decades ago. The pure form, termed medical-grade silicone, has a wide variety of clinical applications. Almost all surgical fields have used a product made of silicone. Silicone has been found to be an inert material, with minimal reaction of the biologic system to its presence. However, multiple clinical problems still exist due to certain applications of silicone products. The problems are related to its surface properties; In the blood thrombi form around silicone implants that may dislodge and cause symptoms around the implants. Scar formation may occur, and internal wound healing problems in the breast cause spherical contracture. In the eyes, where transparencies are needed, as in the intraocular lens implant, the scar interfaces with the visual image transmissions. Some of these internal problems relate to the hydrophobic nature of the silicone surface and have been resolved in part by adsorbing a wetting agent, such as povidone, to the surface. Such obviation has gained wide clinical application in surface coating of the intraocular lens. In search of an ideal implantable material, silicone, the most applicable, is still far from being called the ideal implant. Perhaps with the changes of its surface properties, such as introducing wetting agents to its surface, a new dimension in clinical applications will open the horizons of silicone in the 1980s.
Animals↗
[Animal experiment and clinical application of self-made mechanically detachable coils].
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the practical and thrombogenetic characteristics of self-made mechanically detachable coils by the animal experiment and primary clinical application. METHOD: The bifurcation type of aneurysm model was established on rabbit and embolized with self-made mechanically detachable coils 2 weeks after surgery. 24 coils were used in 5 experimental aneurysms. Control angiography was performed and the rabbits were sacrificed 2 - 3 weeks after the embolization. The embolized aneurysm samples were examined by pathologist. Ten patients were treated with self-made mechanically detachable coils in primary clinical application. They were divided into aneurysms (7 patients), traumatic carotid-carvenous fistulas (2), dural arterio-venous fistula in carvenous sinus region (1). 146 coils were used totally and all were delivered with mechanical detachable system (MDS Balt co. France). RESULT: Pathologically, the cavities of rabbit aneurysm models were occluded by tungsten coils (2 complete, 3 almost complete). The coils were trapped in granulation tissue which was covered by a thin layer of endothelium on the surface facing the blood flow. In the coils dense packing ones, the aneurysms were completely excluded from the parent circulation by neointimal layers. In the practice procedures, the coils fit MDS (Balt co. France) very well and can be delivered, withdrew and detached smoothly. CONCLUSION: The self-made mechanically detachable coils have practical reliability and evident thrombogenetic effects.
Adult↗
Use of a free conchal cartilage graft for closure of a palatal fistula: an experimental study and clinical application.
In order to establish an operative procedure for the closure of palatal fistulas, the usefulness of free conchal cartilage grafts was confirmed through animal experiments, and a clinical application of this procedure was attempted. In the animal experiment, an oronasal penetrating fistula 10 mm in diameter was formed in the hard palate of 33 rabbits. One month later, the size of the palatal fistula decreased to 2 to 3 mm in diameter in all the rabbits. These rabbits were divided into two groups. Group 1 (n = 8) was used as a control group. In group 2 (n = 25), the palatal fistula was closed by an autograft of conchal cartilage, and the conchal cartilage graft site was observed for a period of 16 weeks. In 75 percent (6 of 8) of group 1, the palatal fistula persisted even after 1 year, but in 96 percent (24 of 25) of group 2, the palatal fistula was closed. The palatal fistula closure procedure using a conchal cartilage graft was found to be remarkably effective (chi 2c = 10.9, p < 0.001). In the clinical application, a fistula closure procedure with the use of conchal cartilage grafts was attempted in 24 patients with palatal fistulas. The procedure was modified into three types according to the size of the palatal fistula. For type I (diameter less than 2 mm) a conchal cartilage graft was created as in the animal experiment. For type II (2 to 5 mm in diameter), a palatal fistula closure procedure was used employing both a small hinge flap and a conchal cartilage graft.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adolescent↗
New clinical applications of transdermal testosterone delivery in men and women.
This paper reviews recent progress in the development and clinical application of testosterone transdermal delivery systems designed for physiological replacement therapy in men and women. The biopharmaceutic goal of physiologic replacement therapy is to produce serum levels and circadian patterns of testosterone and its active metabolites that mimic the normal physiology of testosterone in the particular target population. For the treatment of adult hypogonadal men, the nightly 24 h application of the Androderm testosterone transdermal system (5 mg per day) achieves this goal - as demonstrated in a series of clinical pharmacokinetic studies. For the treatment of adolescent males, physiologic replacement can be approximated by modifying the dose and duration of Androderm application so as to mimic the patterns of nocturnal testosterone secretion observed during puberty. With the objective of providing physiological replacement for women with diminished testosterone production, an experimental testosterone matrix transdermal system (TMTDS) has been developed and is currently undergoing clinical evaluation. In parallel with the development of testosterone transdermal systems, physicians have been investigating a number of conditions, in both males and females, where testosterone production is diminished and replacement therapy may be beneficial. Three of these new clinical applications will be illustrated - the use of Androderm for the treatment of adolescent males with beta-thalassemia, the use of Androderm for the treatment of HIV+ men, and the use of the TMTDS for the treatment of HIV+ women. From the biopharmaceutic and clinical perspectives, the development of testosterone transdermal systems represents an important achievement in controlled drug delivery.
Administration, Cutaneous↗
[Clinical applications of single photon emission tomography in neuromedicine. 1. Neuro-oncology, epilepsy, movement disorders, cerebrovascular disease].
Single photon emission tomography is, because of its availability and the relatively low costs, the functional imaging modality currently most widely used for clinical applications in the brain. Beside the application of radiopharmaceuticals for the assessment of regional cerebral blood flow there is an increasing clinical use of more selective SPECT-radiopharmaceuticals, like amino acid analogs or receptor ligands. This article gives in his first part a critical review of the clinical applications of SPECT in neuro-oncology, epilepsy, basal ganglia disorders and cerebrovascular disease.
Cerebrovascular Disorders↗
Development and clinical application of titanium minipins for fixation of nonresorbable barrier membranes.
Clinical applications of the principle of guided bone regeneration in oral and maxillofacial surgery include preimplant reconstruction of atrophied bone defects and coverage of endosseous implants that were incompletely covered by bone through primary intention. Nonresorbable polytetrafluoroethylene membranes are used. Over the past several years, the use of periosteal sutures to fix membranes has been supplemental or replaced by the use of metallic fixation systems. Five-year clinical results with a membrane pin set developed for fixation of such membranes are reported. Application of the titanium pin limits the relative movement between the membrane and surrounding bone and/or between and surrounding soft tissue flaps. Moreover, the titanium pin expands the range of applications for such membranes, particularly to topographically complicated bone defects at sites where clinically secure and biologically functioning placement of the membrane is not always easy.
Adult↗
Pulsed laser angioplasty: wavelength power and energy dependencies relevant to clinical application.
Despite the theoretical advantages of submicrosecond pulsing for clinical laser angioplasty systems, the optimal laser parameters for clinical application are undefined. Further, the enormous peak powers achieved by submicrosecond pulses destroy available fiberoptics. We irradiated 797 segments of cadaver atherosclerotic aorta with nanosecond pulses at 266, 308, 355, 532, and 1064 nanometers. Effective cutting occurred at lower energy fluences in the ultraviolet than in the visible or infrared. For 308 nanometers, at any energy density, number of pulses to perforation was relatively independent of power density. Therefore, long-pulse ultraviolet wavelengths which could be transmitted through fiberoptics were identified as well suited for a clinical, submicrosecond pulsed laser angioplasty system.
Angioplasty, Balloon↗
Evaluation of a hot-wire respiratory flowmeter for clinical applicability.
A hot-wire flowmeter was evaluated for clinical applicability. 1) Calibration with a syringe could be done if emptying duration was 1-15 s. 2) Outputs linearly decreased with decreasing concentration of N2 in O2. Outputs with CO2 in O2 and N2O in O2 represented nonlinear convex relationships with varying concentrations of CO2 and N2O. Correction for each gas mixture to be measured is required. 3) Outputs linearly decreased with decreasing barometric pressure. 4) Stability assessed with a piston respirator was excellent (within +/- 2% of syringe volume) after 15 min warmup time. However, daily calibrations are recommended in clinical situations. 5) Nebulization, if not excessive, was acceptable if the expired gas was measured at the mouth. 6) Hot-wire burning, which occurred when it was partially in contact with materials whose specific heat differed with air, was successfully protected with a simple shutoff circuit. 7) The possibility of producing nitrogen oxides by the catalytic action of the platinum hot-wire was denied by colorimetric determination. Interchangeability and sterilizability of transducers and improved mechanical strength with platinum-rhodium alloy are also discussed.
Carbon Dioxide↗
Clinical applications of the Mini-Screw-Anchorage-System (M.A.S.) in the maxillary alveolar bone.
AIMS: anchorage control with self-tapping screws has become an important part of the clinical management of the orthodontic patients. Mechanical resistance and sites of insertion of miniscrews as orthodontic anchorage are critical to ensure successful outcomes. Aim of this clinical study was threefold: 1) to measure the mechanical resistance of the M.A.S., 2) to evaluate if the alveolar areas usually selected for mini-screws placement are adequate, 3) to illustrate the most frequent clinical application on the maxillary alveolar bone. METHODS: two methods were chosen to test these screws mechanically, representing two potential modes of failure during insertion or removal: torsional strenght and bending strenght. Three-dimension images of fifty maxillas have been retrieved from a group of 200 patients, age range between 20 and 40 years with a new type of tomogram called Newtom System. For each area mesio-distal and labio-lingual measurements from four horizontal cuts made at 2-5-8-11 mm below the bone-crest have been evaluated. RESULTS: the mean value of resistance to breakage in torsion is of 48.7 N.cm (around 5 Kg) for the miniscrew of 1.5 diameter, while the mean value of resistance to breakage in torsion is of 23.4 N.cm (around 2 Kg) for the miniscrew of 1.3 diameter.. The mean value of resistance to breakage in flexion is of 120.4 N (around 12 Kg) for the miniscrew of 1.5 diameter, while the mean value of resistance to the flexion is of 63.7 N (around 6 Kg) for the miniscrew of 1.3 diameter. On the maxillary alveolar bone the highest amount of bone was in mesio-distal dimension between 6 and 5 on the palatal side (minimum 1.9 mm at -11 mm cut; maximum 5.5 mm at -5 mm cut). The smallest amount of bone was in the tuber (minimum 0.2 mm; maximum 1.3 mm). Examination of the labio-palatal dimension demonstrated similar high thickness between 5-6 and 6-7 (minimum 3.7 mm at -11 mm cut; maximum 13.2 mm at -2 mm cut). The smallest amount of bone was recorded on the tuber (minimum 0.6 mm; maximum 4.1 mm). The following clinical applications are described: Closure of the extractions space, Symmetric intrusion of the incisors, Correction of the cant of the plane of occlusion and of the dental midline, Molar intrusion of one or two teeth, Molar distalization with the Distal Jet and miniscrews, Molar mesialization, Intermaxillary anchorage. CONCLUSIONS: the mechanical resistance of the miniscrews M.A.S. is suitable for their use in orthodontics. The best anatomical zones for their implantation are the interradicular spaces mesial to the first maxillary molars. From our experience to date, the miniscrews are a reliable and convenient system for skeletal anchorage when compared with other more invasive osseo-integrated systems.
Adult↗
The pulsed Nd:YAG dental laser: review of clinical applications.
Since the first demonstration of a laser in 1960, numerous applications of this unique form of energy have been developed for the manufacturing, electronic, consumer and medical industries. Recent technological innovations have permitted development of lasers appropriate for use in the dental operatory. The carbon dioxide laser has been used for soft tissue surgery; the Nd:YAG laser has both soft and hard tissue applications. Advantages of laser treatment over conventional methods include minimal cellular destruction and tissue swelling, hemostasis, increased visualization of surgical sites and reduced post-operative pain. Additionally, it is possible to perform many procedures without needing anesthesia. Soft tissue clinical applications of the Nd:YAG laser include gingivectomies, gingivoplasties, operculectomies, biopsies, incising and draining procedures, frenectomies and treatment of aphthous ulcers; hard tissue clinical applications include vaporizing decay, etching enamel and dentin, desensitizing exposed root structure and creating temporary analgesia. As both clinical experiences and scientific investigations expand, possible future applications of the dental laser may well include development of new dental adhesives and composite systems, new methods for managing caries and new endodontic treatments. With its numerous benefits, the laser is having a positive impact on patients and the dental team.
Adult↗
[Protein design based on the structure and function relationship and its clinical application].
Proteins are biopolymers which are directly involved in biological functions. Since their defects cause various diseases, proteins have been studied for a long time as the subjects of both basic and clinical medicine. Recent development of the genetic recombinant technique has made it possible to replace, add or delete any amino acid residue or any peptide portion in a protein. By utilizing this technique, we are now able to clarify more precisely than ever the structure and function relationship of a protein, and also to create various novel artificial proteins for the clinical use. In this article, I describe the proteins which are involved in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis and the regulation, and the current clinical application of the recombinant proteins. I also describe our new protein engineering technique for creation of artificial cell adhesive proteins by grafting the Arg-Gly-Asp Ser (RGDS) cell recognition signal, which was identified first in fibronectin and later in various plasma and extracellular matrix proteins. The physiological functions and possible clinical application of these artificial cell adhesive proteins thus created are also discussed.
Animals↗
Clinical application of low serum cholesterol as an indicator for suicide risk in major depression.
BACKGROUND: Serum total cholesterol is reported to be associated with suicidality and violence. We explored the clinical applicability of low serum total cholesterol as an indicator for suicide risk in major depression. METHOD: We measured the serum cholesterol levels in 149 major depressive disorder patients admitted to an emergency room following a suicide attempt, in 149 non-suicidal depressive controls, and in 251 normal controls. RESULTS: Significant differences in total serum cholesterol levels were observed between the suicide patients and non-suicide depression patients and between violent suicide patients and non-violent suicide patients when age, sex, BMI and total serum protein levels were controlled. The cutoff point of 180 mg/dl gave a high sensitivity (82%), and the cutoff point 150 mg/dl gave a high specificity (72%). These points can be used as discriminative cutoffs between suicidal and non-suicidal depressive patients. LIMITATIONS: A longitudinal study is necessary to confirm the clinical applicability of serum cholesterol as a predictive indicator of suicide risk in depression. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that total cholesterol level may be a useful biological marker for the risk of suicide in depression patients.
Adult↗
Expert consensus document on arterial stiffness: methodological issues and clinical applications.
In recent years, great emphasis has been placed on the role of arterial stiffness in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Indeed, the assessment of arterial stiffness is increasingly used in the clinical assessment of patients. Although several papers have previously addressed the methodological issues concerning the various indices of arterial stiffness currently available, and their clinical applications, clinicians and researchers still report difficulties in selecting the most appropriate methodology for their specific use. This paper summarizes the proceedings of several meetings of the European Network for Non-invasive Investigation of Large Arteries and is aimed at providing an updated and practical overview of the most relevant methodological aspects and clinical applications in this area.
Adult↗
Genetics and alcoholism: how close are we to potential clinical applications?
Rapid advancement of genetic knowledge has provided a wealth of data demonstrating a significant contribution of genes to the development of alcoholism but has suggested little in the way of clinical applicability. Twin and adoption studies suggest that 50% to 60% of the development of alcoholism is due to heritable factors, and linkage and association studies have identified chromosomal regions and individual genes that likely contribute to the development of this condition. Most of these genes are related to neurotransmitter systems and to alcohol metabolizing enzymes. We briefly review the evidence for this before discussing intermediate phenotypes of alcoholism under genetic control, pharmacogenetic aspects of alcoholism treatment, and the possibility of future clinical applications based on these areas.
Adoption↗