Cognitive dysfunction in childhood and adult psychosis.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adaptation, Psychological↗
SEARCH · Search PubMed
Results for “Child Behavior Disorders”
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Behavioural deviance in children with early treated phenylketonuria.
A sample of 99 early treated phenylketonuric children showed higher levels of behavioural deviance than 197 matched controls. For boys this excess of behavioural deviance persisted when IQ was taken into account. For phenylketonuric girls however it was restricted to those with IQs less than 70. The type of behavioural deviance shown by the boys over the whole IQ range was predominantly neurotic. The levels of behavioural deviance found in phenylketonuric children were among the highest that have been reported for children with various handicapping conditions.
Adolescent↗
Diagnostic criteria for aggressive conduct disorder.
The purpose was to develop operational criteria for the diagnosis of aggressive conduct disorder. The necessary symptoms were found in discriminant analyses of data from a series of boy patients. A formula based on 8 key symptoms succeeded in accurately diagnosing a series of girl patients.
Adolescent↗
REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRIC PROGRESS 1964. CHILD PSYCHIATRY; MENTAL DEFICIENCY.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Child↗
The two camps in child psychiatry: a report from a psychiatrist-father of an autistic and retarded child.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Attitude of Health Personnel↗
DSM-III: the major achievements and an overview.
DSM-III will be published early this year. In the first part of this article the authors describe some of the major achievements of DSM-III: the process of its development, reaching consensus on many controversial diagnostic categories and a definition of mental disorder, the provision of diagnostic criteria and a multiaxial evaluation system, and the demonstration of improved diagnostic reliability. In the second part of the article the authors present an overview of DSM-III in which they describe its departures from DSM-II and the reasons for these changes. They conclude that in the next few years there should be systematic study of DSM-III in use, so that information about its strengths and limitations can be made available to those responsible for developing DSM-IV.
Adolescent↗
A developmental view of affective disturbances in the children of affectively ill parents.
The authors review the various clinical and experimental studies of children of parents with affective illness, spanning infancy, childhood, and early adolescence and including their own and the studies reported in this Special Section of the Journal. They find a clear tendency to early disturbances in these children that seems related to adult affective illness in the areas of affect regulation and social interaction. Although these findings suggest a developmental line of affective illness linking child and adult forms, many issues need further clarification.
Adolescent↗
Comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with conduct, depressive, anxiety, and other disorders.
OBJECTIVE: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a heterogeneous disorder of unknown etiology. Little is known about the comorbidity of this disorder with disorders other than conduct. Therefore, the authors made a systematic search of the psychiatric and psychological literature for empirical studies dealing with the comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with other disorders. DATA COLLECTION: The search terms included hyperactivity, hyperkinesis, attention deficit disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, cross-referenced with antisocial disorder (aggression, conduct disorder, antisocial disorder), depression (depression, mania, depressive disorder, bipolar), anxiety (anxiety disorder, anxiety), learning problems (learning, learning disability, academic achievement), substance abuse (alcoholism, drug abuse), mental retardation, and Tourette's disorder. FINDINGS: The literature supports considerable comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, learning disabilities, and other disorders, such as mental retardation, Tourette's syndrome, and borderline personality disorder. CONCLUSIONS: Subgroups of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder might be delineated on the basis of the disorder's comorbidity with other disorders. These subgroups may have differing risk factors, clinical courses, and pharmacological responses. Thus, their proper identification may lead to refinements in preventive and treatment strategies. Investigation of these issues should help to clarify the etiology, course, and outcome of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Adult↗
Explorations of parenting environments in the evolution of psychiatric problems in children.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗
Depression and anxiety among mothers who bring their children to a pediatric mental health clinic.
OBJECTIVE: Maternal psychiatric illness is a potent risk factor for child psychiatric disorders, but little is known about rates of psychiatric diagnoses among mothers who bring their children to pediatric mental health clinics. This study investigated rates of psychiatric disorders among mothers of children presenting for psychiatric evaluation and examined the relationship between maternal diagnosis and child psychopathology. METHODS: Interviewers conducted structured diagnostic interviews with nonpsychotic, school-age children and their mothers (N=222) and collected self-report measures of symptoms, functioning, and social support. RESULTS: One-hundred-thirty-five participating mothers (61 percent) met DSM-IV criteria for a current axis I disorder, most commonly depression (35 percent) and anxiety (42 percent). Children of mothers with a diagnosis met criteria for significantly more diagnoses on the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children, Present and Lifetime version and had significantly higher scores on measures of internalizing and externalizing symptoms than children of mothers without a diagnosis. Two-thirds of mothers with a diagnosis were not receiving psychiatric treatment. CONCLUSIONS: More than half the mothers who brought their children for psychiatric treatment were themselves suffering from a psychiatric disorder. Maternal psychiatric illness was, in turn, associated with greater occurrence of psychopathology among offspring, underscoring the importance of developing interventions that address the needs of both children with psychiatric disorders and their at-risk mothers.
Adult↗
Depression and suicide in children: an overview.
The author notes that childhood depression has become an accepted diagnostic entity, an affective disorder related to unipolar and bipolar illnesses. He indicates the importance of trying to distinguish between depression as a symptom and depression as a syndrome. Clinicians treating depressed children need to keep abreast of contemporary research on the role of metabolic dysfunctions in depression.
Adolescent↗
Clinical and neurochemical effects of fenfluramine in children with autism.
Fifteen children with autism were treated with 60 mg d,l-fenfluramine (FEN) or placebo in a double-blind A-B-A protocol followed immediately by double-blind placebo-controlled crossover administration of FEN (total duration 62 weeks). Both biochemical and clinical outcomes were examined. Biochemically, FEN led to an increase in dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and decreases in whole-blood serotonin (5-HT), plasma norepinephrine (NE), and plasma 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG). The decrease in whole-blood 5-HT was seen only during treatment with FEN. However, NE levels did not return to baseline as long as 8 weeks after the first FEN treatment period. Increases in DOPAC were greater during the second FEN treatment period than the first. Persistent changes in catecholamine regulation may be related to previously reported long-term effects on central nervous system 5-HT after FEN. Clinically, FEN led to a modest decrease in parent, but not teacher, ratings of hyperactivity and to a small reduction in sensorimotor abnormalities. Abnormal social and affectual responses also decreased, but this was not directly related to FEN treatment. Effects on cognition were equivocal. Hyperserotonemic subjects did not differ from normoserotonemic subjects in clinical response. Overall, no significant advantage for the use of FEN could be established.
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
Metabolic side effects of atypical antipsychotics in children: a literature review.
The objective of this review is to summarize the data about metabolic side effects of atypical antipsychotics in children. Original research articles about side effects of atypical antipsychotics used in children were reviewed. The data was obtained mainly through Medline searches, identifying articles focusing on the use of atypical antipsychotics in children. Forty studies that addressed the issue of metabolic side effects were selected. The use of atypical antipsychotics in children has been consistently associated with weight gain and moderate prolactin elevation, while only a few case reports address the issue of glucose dysregulation and dyslipidaemia. The risk of weight gain and hyperprolactinaemia might be higher in younger children. Other risk factors have also been associated with antipsychotic-induced metabolic disturbances. These changes seem to be reversible, at least in some cases. Metabolic side effects of atypical antipsychotics could lead to serious complications in children who are prescribed these medications. Serious considerations should be given before initiating treatment and consistent clinical monitoring is essential. More research is needed, especially regarding glucose dysregulation and dyslipidaemia.
Adolescent↗
"The 'impossible' child," the difficult child, and other assorted delinquents: etiology, characteristics and incidence.
The evidence is very strong and persuasive that if serious juvenile delinquents are identified as having reached Level 4, a differential treatment program can be identified for them which will increase their chances of avoiding further law violation behaviour. Looking at both I-level growth and further delinquent behaviour, less is known about how to bring about change in the Power-oriented youths than in other I-level groups. This group is perhaps the most deserving of the label "Impossible Child." Continuing attempts to treat the Power-oriented offender in experimental programs is extremely important because this group includes the most serious offenders (the most felony-type crimes and the most assaultive crimes). More research is also needed on the treatment of the Passive Conformist group. We need to know more about the reasons for the short-term success and the long-term failure. Although this subtype does not commit as serious crimes as the other I3 subtypes, there is some evidence that there is a persistence to the offence behaviour which continues into adulthood, producing highly recidivistic individuals.
Adolescent↗
Psychopathology in offspring of mothers with borderline personality disorder: a pilot study.
OBJECTIVE: Children of mothers with borderline personality disorder (BPD) were hypothesized to be at greater risk for psychopathology, particularly impulse spectrum disorders, than children of mothers with other personality disorders. METHOD: Twenty-one index children were compared with 23 children of mothers with a nonborderline personality disorder. Diagnoses were obtained using the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Episodic Version (KSADS-E) and the Child Diagnostic Interview for BPD (CDIB), and functioning was rated with the Child Global Assessment Schedule (CGAS). Physical, sexual, and verbal abuse, as well as family violence and placements, were also assessed. RESULTS: The children of the borderline mothers, as compared with controls, had more psychiatric diagnoses, more impulse control disorders, a higher frequency of child BPD, and lower CGAS scores. There were no differences between the groups for trauma. CONCLUSION: The offspring of borderline mothers are at high risk for psychopathology.
Adolescent↗
Psychiatric symptomatology in language-impaired children: a comparison.
This paper reports a detailed comparison of two groups of children from the same psychiatric clinic, one with a delay in language development and an age- and sex-matched control group with no such delay. The language-delay group was highly likely to have either a diagnosis of mental retardation or infantile autism. Very few psychiatric symptoms occurred more frequently in the language-delay group than in the comparison group, and those that did were characteristic of retarded or autistic children. The language-delay group was more likely to have other developmental abnormalities, hearing impairment, and evidence of central nervous system dysfunction.
Adolescent↗
Effects of coexisting disorders on cognition and behavior in children with ADHD.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the presence of coexisting disorders affects memory, visual-motor skills, and daily functioning in children with ADHD. METHOD: Eighty-four boys and 18 girls (8 to 16 years old) participate in this study. Twenty children meet criteria for ADHD alone, 42 children for ADHD plus one other disorder, and 40 children for ADHD plus at least two other disorders (reading disability, developmental coordination disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, anxiety, and depression). Children are assessed on memory and visual-motor skills. Parents complete measures of daily functioning. RESULTS: No significant group differences emerge for age, socioeconomic status, or IQ. Poorer performance on tests of memory and visual-motor skills, more prevalent behavioral problems, and more impairment in everyday functioning are associated with a higher number of coexisting disorders in children with ADHD. CONCLUSION: The presence of coexisting disorders has a significant influence on cognition and behavior of children with ADHD.
Activities of Daily Living↗
Towards a new functional assessment of autistic dysfunction in children with developmental disorders: the Behaviour Function Inventory.
In order to assess particular disorders of psychological development and functioning in children with developmental disorders, we have developed a new tool, the Behaviour Function Inventory (BFI), based on 11 neurophysiological functions, disorders of which are considered to contribute to the core autistic syndrome. This article reports the reliability and validity study of this new scale. Factorial analysis computed on the 55 initial items identified six main dimensions which we characterized and labelled: interaction dysfunction, praxis dysfunction, auditory dysfunction, attention dysfunction, islet of ability and emotional dysfunction. Relationships between these six new variables and diagnostic subgroups, and chronological and developmental age, are discussed. The BFI offers precise information of the functional symptomatology of autism, showing clear evidence of some disordered areas of functioning. This new approach may provide valuable information in clinical research, especially for psychopathology and physiopathology studies.
Autistic Disorder↗