Meningitis in Chad.
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The cDNA sequence of the human chondroadherin gene was cloned using PCR-based techniques. The gene encodes a protein of 359 amino acids, of which the first 21 amino acids represent a putative signal peptide sequence and which possesses 11 leucine-rich repeats flanked by cysteine-rich regions. The cDNA possesses a 5' untranslated region of 149 bp, a coding region of 1080 bp including the stop codon, and a 3' untranslated region of 561 bp terminating in a poly(A) tail. The cDNA hybridizes with a single messenger RNA of 1.9 kb, which is present in chondrocytes at all ages. Analysis of genomic DNA revealed that the chondroadherin gene possesses two introns, both of which reside within the coding region. The first intron has a length of about 2.3 kb and separates the codons for lysine(258) and phenylalanine(259). The second intron has a length of about 0.5 kb and splits the codon for tryptophan(314). This genomic organization results in exon 1 encoding the signal peptide, the amino-terminal cysteine-rich region, and the first 9 leucine-rich repeats; exon 2 encoding the last 2 leucine-rich repeats and part of the carboxy-terminal cysteine-rich region; and exon 3 encoding the remainder of the carboxy-terminal cysteine-rich region. The gene does not possess a TATA box prior to its transcription start site. Isolation of a cosmid clone spanning the chondroadherin gene enabled its chromosome location to be established. The gene was shown to reside at chromosome 17q21.33.
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A case of Mansonella perstans infection with visual impairment and a retinal lesion is described. After a course of diethylcarbamazine and a further course of mebendazole the symptoms improved and the microfilariae blood concentration decreased. The symptoms and response to antifilarial treatment strongly suggested the intraocular localization of an M. perstans worm.
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The recent reconstruction of the Sahelanthropus tchadensis cranium (TM 266-01-60-1) provides an opportunity to examine in detail differences in cranial shape between this earliest-known hominid, African apes, and other hominid taxa. Here we compare the reconstruction of TM 266-01-60-1 with crania of African apes, humans, and several Pliocene hominids. The results not only confirm that TM 266-01-60-1 is a hominid but also reveal a unique mosaic of characters. The TM 266-01-60-1 reconstruction shares many primitive features with chimpanzees but overall is most similar to Australopithecus, particularly in the basicranium. However, TM 266-01-60-1 is distinctive in having the combination of a short subnasal region associated with a vertical upper face that projects substantially in front of the neurocranium. Further research is needed to determine the evolutionary relationships between Sahelanthropus and the known Miocene and Pliocene hominids.
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