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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Clinical manifestation and outcome of tuberculosis in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Atypical clinical manifestations and rapid progression of tuberculous disease (TB) are well-recognized in adults with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). There are few reports of children with AIDS and TB. We report the manifestations, clinical course and outcome of 12 pediatric patients with AIDS and TB. METHODS: The charts of all children admitted to our institution, from 1989 through 1994, with the diagnoses of AIDS and culture-proved TB were reviewed. RESULTS: Twelve children between the ages of 2 months and 13 years fit the criteria. The mean time between the diagnosis of AIDS and TB was 20 months. The most frequent presenting symptoms were fever (75%) and tachypnea (33%). All had negative Mantoux tests (5 tuberculin units of purified protein derivative). Extrapulmonary TB was present in 3 (25%). A source case was identified for 4 (33%). Previous pulmonary disease was present in 7 (58%). Chest roentgenograms were abnormal in 11 (91%), with diffuse interstitial infiltration the most common finding. Susceptibility tests were performed on 10 strains, 3 of which were resistant to 1 or more antituberculosis drugs. Three patients (25%) died of TB, 1 of whom was appropriately treated with antituberculosis drugs but had a strain resistant to isoniazid and rifampin. CONCLUSION: Children with AIDS and TB most frequently present with atypical manifestations of TB. A high index of suspicion is needed to correctly diagnose TB in this group of children. Early diagnosis is important because most respond well when treated appropriately.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1997

Molecular analysis of kanamycin and viomycin resistance in Mycobacterium smegmatis by use of the conjugation system.

We examined the molecular mechanisms of resistance to kanamycin and viomycin in Mycobacterium smegmatis. All of the M. smegmatis strains with high-level kanamycin resistance had a nucleotide substitution from A to G at position 1389 of the 16S rRNA gene (rrs). This position is equivalent to position 1408 of Escherichia coli, and mutation at this position is known to cause aminoglycoside resistance. Mutations from G to A or G to T at position 1473 of the M. smegmatis rrs gene were found in viomycin-resistant mutants which had been designated vicB mutants in our earlier studies. Using the M. smegmatis conjugation system, we confirmed that these mutations indeed contributed to kanamycin and viomycin resistance, and kanamycin susceptibility was dominant over resistance in a heterogenomic strain. Additional experiments showed that three of four Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains with high-level kanamycin resistance had a mutation from A to G at position 1400, which was equivalent to position 1389 of M. smegmatis.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1980

Positive histological tuberculous findings despite stable sterility of the urine on culture: results of 111 nephrectomies and partial nephrectomies.

The therapy of genitourinary tuberculosis has changed: 'néphrectomie nécessaire' has been replaced by 'néphrectomie opportune'. Today, it is generally assumed that tuberculosis can be cured completely by chemotherapy. The following question must, however, be asked: How far may the stable sterility of the urine be considered as a complete cure? In order to assess the efficiency of chemotherapy as a function of time and dosage, the activity of tuberculosis of the kidneys was investigated on the basis of the histological preparation, after removal of the tuberculous renal tissue. Despite stable sterilization of the urine, 15% of the cases showed active tuberculosis. Using the triple therapy combination of rifampicin, ethambutol and isoniazid, the disease was found no longer to be active after 2--3 months of treatment in 90% of the cases. A longer period of treatment brought no further improvement.

Capreomycin↗
PubMed1975

Investigation into the relationship of M ulcerans to M. buruli and other mycobacteria.

The main characteristics of Mycoplasma ulcerans are its remarkably distinct drug sensitivity pattern and its rather poor enzymatic activity. M. microti is clearly distinguishable from M. bovis and M. tuberculosis. Some of the M. buruli strains appear to be identical with M. ulcerans, Whereas others show similarity either to M. microti or to M. tuberculosis. It seems that M. buruli is not a legitimate species.

Capreomycin↗