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PubMed1989

Exhaled gas analysis. Technical and clinical aspects of capnography and oxygen consumption.

Infrared absorption and mass spectrometry represent two common techniques used for measurement of end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration in expired air. Continuous capnographic monitoring may be useful in assessing changes in ventilation, pulmonary blood flow, and metabolism. Accuracy may be affected by the type of gas sampling technique used, as well as altered ventilation and perfusion matching in the lung. Oxygen uptake at the mouth may be measured by either an open- or closed-circuit technique. Calculated values of oxygen consumption obtained from pulmonary artery catheter data and blood gases correlate well with direct gas measurement. Accurate bedside determination requires a thorough knowledge of equipment and proper gas collection, especially at high inspired oxygen levels. This information may be useful in nutritional assessments, during mechanical ventilation, and in evaluation of therapeutic interventions aimed at optimizing peripheral oxygen delivery.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed1985

[Collecting end-expiratory air for capnography in high-frequency jet ventilation].

By means of an ejector attachment to the endotracheal tube a negative intratracheal pressure of approx. -1 mmHg is created during an interruption of HFJV. Within 4 to 10 sec. this suction supplies alveolar air to the distal end of the endotracheal tube where capnographic analysis is possible in the mainstream or bystream. The end-tidal pCO2 differs by 0.1 mmHg (mean) from the arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure with a highly positive correlation (R = 0.98).

Carbon Dioxide↗