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PubMedDate not supplied

[Echography and cytology versus cystoscopy in the follow-up of patients with superficial tumors of the bladder].

We present a prospective study on 100 consecutive patients diagnosed with superficial vesical tumour who have had a transurethral resection done on them. For the detection of relapses we use the echography-cytology association and confirm the findings observed by performing a cystoscopy. In view of the high rate of concordancy obtained we conclude by backing this association as a possible alternative to be applied in the control of specific patients with superficial vesical tumours.

Cystoscopy↗
PubMed1989

Epidural meperidine for control of autonomic hyperreflexia in a quadriplegic undergoing cystoscopy.

Epidural meperidine was used to control autonomic hyperreflexia (AH) during cystoscopy and transuretheral sphincterotomy, in a quadriplegic patient who had chronic spinal cord transection at C6 level. Meperidine 100 mg diluted in 10 ml saline was injected in the epidural space at L3-L4 level. Within 10 minutes and throughout the surgical procedure, the blood pressure stabilized at 125/70-140/80 mmHg. Epidural meperidine produces selective blockade of the spinal opiate receptors and hence may block the nociceptive reflexes below the level of cord transection and prevent AH.

Autonomic Nervous System Diseases↗
PubMed1986

Intravenous anaesthesia for cystoscopy: a comparison of propofol or methohexitone with alfentanil.

Sixty out-patients undergoing cystoscopy were allocated randomly into two groups. No premedication was given. Induction of anaesthesia was preceded by intravenous alfentanil 7 micrograms kg-1 given over 20 s, followed by methohexitone 1.5-2 mg kg-1 or propofol 2 mg kg-1, given over 20 s. Anaesthesia was maintained by increments of alfentanil, methohexitone or propofol, given as required.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Pediatric cystoscopy. Prospective study].

Like other European departments, we have been using since 1982 report form on cystoscopic studies, containing a total of 56 data. In this paper we present a model of our cystoscopic report and the results obtained from 185 cystoscopic explorations performed on 153 patients, of both sexes, between the ages of 4 days and 15 years. Cystoscopy which is not routinely performed in all patient suffering from uropathy or reflux, has facilitated the establishment or confirmation of diagnosis in 35% when combined with radiology. It has been useful in postoperative control as well (23%), it has to decide therapeutic policies (15%) and has resolved all ureteral valve cases as well as some ureteral stenosis cases. We explain the technic used in our department for the transfixation and tearing of the valves by electrocoagulation and the absence of any complications using this method. The actual nomenclature of ureteral meatus, based on their location, grade of opening and the frequently associated grade of renal dysplasia, as well as the criteria followed in the endoscopic control of previous ureteral reimplants and the rising pyelography indications, are also explained.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Technic of flexible cystoscopy].

After brief training, flexible cystoscopy allows complete investigation of the vesical cavity in the surgeon's office. In particular, this technique facilitates the examination of the anterior wall and the base of the bladder. The low flow rate of the irrigating channel prohibits the use of this technique in cases with severe haematuria.

Cystoscopes↗
PubMed1982

[Critical evaluation of cystoscopy in pediatric vesico-ureteral reflux].

Authors report a study on endoscopical evaluation of 110 refluxing ureters in 65 children selected out of a group of 384 with VUR seen between 1977 and 1980. Cystoscopy was only undertaken either in patients with poor response to conservative treatment or in those with associated malformations. Radiologic-endoscopic correlation was rather good: 93% of grade II refluxing orifices were normally located or slightly lateralized, whereas 72% of grade III or IV were so. The length of submucosal tunnel was shorter than 5 mm in 68.75% of refluxing ureters. "Golf-hole" orifices were seen in 2/3 of the cases with grade III or IV reflux. Nevertheless, this correlation was poor in over one third of refluxing units because in these cases cystoscopic evaluation of ureterovesical junction enabled to modify (in either sense) indications for surgery made up only on clinico-radiologic grounds. Endoscopy for evaluation of VUR is justified in selected cases because of this incomplete correlation between radiological and anatomical findings.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1981

[Fluorescent light cystoscopy (author's transl)].

A number of tumours of the bladder can be detected at an early stage by cystoscopy under fluorescent light. Intravenous injection of fluorescein is a simple rapid and harmless way of guiding systematic bladder biopsy during initial resection or subsequent control examinations.

Cystoscopy↗
PubMed1977

[Air as an optic medium in diagnostic cystoscopy].

The authors display that the application of air as an optic medium in diagnostic cystoscopy has some determined technical advantages and medical justifications ahead of the use of water. The quality of air as the optic medium doesn't lat behing after water. The fear of air embolism is not justified, because in numerous applications of this method not any incident has been recorded.

Cystoscopy↗
PubMed1996

[Percutaneous cystoscopy in dogs and cats].

Cystoscopy enables a reliable diagnosis of urinary bladder diseases. The use of transurethral or perineal endoscopic technique is limited by anatomical features. Therefore it was examined, if the prepubic percutaneous access shows advantages referring to diagnosis and treatment. Using this technique three dogs and two cats were examined. The endoscopic instrumentarium and the technical procedure are described.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[The indication for cystoscopy in children].

The diagnostic procedures in children presenting urological symptoms, i.e. hematuria, recurrent urinary tract infections, disorders of the upper urinary tract or of the pattern of micturition include urinary sediment and bacterial culture, the investigation of red blood cell morphology, urinary electrolytes and osmolarity, ultrasound, i.v. pyelogram, cysturethrogram, combined uroflow and pelvic floor-EMG, MAG III-clearance and a urodynamic evaluation. In the rare situation of unclear symptoms that defy the non-invasive diagnostic procedures mentioned, a urethrocystoscopy can be advisable. A cystoscopy will be mandatory in endoscopic therapy or when operative interventions are planned.

Child↗
PubMed1998

Bladder injury during the Burch retropubic urethropexy: is routine cystoscopy necessary?

The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of operative injury to the lower urinary tract after retropubic urethropexy. We prospectively evaluated the incidence of lower urinary tract injury in 97 consecutive patients after pelvic surgery, which included primary Burch retropubic urethropexy. None of the subjects sustained intraoperative injury of the bladder or ureters as evidenced by an intact bladder mucosa and prompt efflux of dye from both ureteral orifices. In our experience, the incidence of lower urinary tract injury with retropubic urethropexy is low. We do not support the routine use of intraoperative cystoscopy with Burch retropubic urethropexy.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Flexible cystoscopy and retrograde catheterization in renal transplant patients.

Catheterizing the ureteral orifice of a renal transplant patient can be difficult using traditional rigid instruments. This report describes our experience with 4 patients who underwent cystoscopy and attempted retrograde catheterization of a transplanted ureter. In all cases attempted catheterization using rigid instruments was unsuccessful, while in 3 of the 4 patients, successful cannulation was accomplished using the flexible cystoscope. These results are attributed to the expanded range of motion achieved with the tip of the flexible cystoscope. The increased mobility afforded by this instrument facilitates access to the ureteral orifice, which is often positioned on the distensible portion of the bladder.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Double-optic laparoscopy. Salpingoscopy, ovarian cystoscopy and endo-ovarian surgery with the argon laser.

Salpingoscopy gives detailed visual information on the mucosal pattern of the tubal ampulla as far as the isthmoampullary junction. With experience it takes 10 minutes to perform salpingoscopy on both sides and with an additional dye test a most complete evaluation of tubal morphology and patency can be obtained during routine diagnostic laparoscopy. Comparative studies proved the technique to be superior to HSG and the laparoscopic inspection of the tubal serosa and of the fimbriae. In some instances, like a tubocornual block, only salpingoscopy can provide additional information. Eventually, with the current techniques of operative laparoscopy salpingoscopic inspection of a phimosis or even a hydrosalpinx can be performed quite easily and these findings help us in the clinical management of patients requiring either microsurgical cuff-salpingostomy (giving a more realistic chance of a spontaneous pregnancy every month) or in vitro fertilization (avoiding laparotomy). Salpingoscopy also guides us in the selection of patients for a GIFT procedure and probably provides a better estimation of the risk of ectopic pregnancy. Ovarian cystoscopy can be applied for accurate diagnosis of non-malignant ovarian cysts at the time of laparoscopy. The wall of the cyst is inspected in detail and selective biopsies are obtained. Unnecessary surgery for non-neoplastic tumours can be avoided and endometrial and cystic tumours can be treated in situ using an argon laser with minimal surgical damage to the ovarian capsule. This laser technique is under further investigation to evaluate its place in the diagnosis and conservative surgical treatment of benign ovarian cysts occurring during reproductive life.

Fallopian Tube Diseases↗
PubMed1994

Flexible cystoscopy in spinal cord injury. Review article.

Endoscopy of the urinary tract remains the cornerstone of urological therapy. Over the years, continued refinement of the endoscopic instruments has permitted a progressive increase in the number and methods of their application. The development of the smaller diameter, flexible endoscopes represents the greatest advance in urological endoscopy. Their characteristics permit greater versatility with less traumatic procedures, increasing patient comfort and minimizing iatrogenic injury. Spinal cord injury (SCI) patients are a select group, which require special attention when undergoing endoscopic procedures. Often a contracted bladder or poorly controlled muscle spasms make the SCI patient difficult to endoscopic using conventional rigid instruments. Furthermore, autonomic dysreflexia is a significant concern during traumatic urinary tract instrumentation. This communication will discuss the applications of flexible cystoscopy, including novel techniques, which can be useful in SCI patients.

Cystoscopes↗
PubMed1997

New 3-dimensional mapping device for cystoscopy.

PURPOSE: The crucial shortcoming of cystoscopy is that it does not measure the size of observed objects, and so we developed a new device that adds measurement capability to the cystoscope. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The device consists of 5 arms linked to each other by freely bending joints. Before use 1 end of the arm is fixed to the examination table and the other end is linked to the eyepiece of the cystoscope. While linked to the arms, the cystoscope can move freely in any direction. Each joint carries an accurate sensor to measure its angle. The angle measurements are calculated collectively to obtain the 3-dimensional coordinates at the tip of the cystoscope. The tip of the cystoscope can be moved to the other side of the objects to be measured, which provides a pair of 3-dimensional coordinates, because the distance between them can be calculated. RESULTS: We could calculate the distance between the bladder neck and each ureteral orifice, and the angle of the bladder neck formed with the left and right orifices in clinical cases. By continuous measurement of the location of the bladder neck and the ureteral orifice, it was clearly demonstrated that the distance between them increased as the bladder filled. CONCLUSIONS: Our computer assisted, 3-dimensional mapping device can replace unreliable cystoscopic assessment with more reliable numerical values. New diagnostic criteria based on the exact numerical values can be established with the use of this device.

Cystoscopes↗
PubMed1987

The integrated cystoscope: an alternative to conventional and fibreoptic cystoscopy.

This report describes a new integrated rigid cystoscope which has been designed for diagnostic and therapeutic cystoscopy under local anaesthesia. The small external diameter (17.5 F) and large instrument channel permit maximum irrigant flow and operating potential whilst causing minimum discomfort to the patient. We believe this instrument to be a practical alternative to conventional cystoscopes, including the fibreoptic cystoscope.

Cystoscopes↗
PubMed2003

Macro-microscopic fluorescence of human bladder cancer using hypericin fluorescence cystoscopy and laser confocal microscopy.

The early detection of carcinoma is very essential for the diagnosis and prognosis of a bladder cancer patient. In this study we have investigated the use of hypericin as a fluorescent tumour marker and laser confocal microscopy as a diagnostic tool to aid the diagnosis of such cancers. Both cellular and clinical studies have been conducted. In the cellular studies, we have compared two bladder cell lines for the uptake and sub-cellular localization of hypericin. It was found that there was a rapid uptake and clearance of hypericin and significant localization in mitochondria and lysosomes. The study also revealed that there was a time-dependent increase in fluorescence intensity in bladder cells. The optimum localization was found to be 2-4 h post drug incubation. In the clinical study, consisting of 30 patients, both white light and fluorescence cystoscopy were performed after hypericin instillation. Biopsies taken from fluorescing regions were imaged using the confocal microscope. The order of fluorescence was detected to be as follows: normal < inflammation < grade 1 < grade 2 < CIS < grade 3. It was also found that the fluorescence intensity increased with the stage of the disease thereby enabling the determination of the degree of invasiveness of cancer. This enables the use of hypericin as a prognostic marker and laser confocal microscopy as a tool to aid in diagnosis of bladder cancer.

Anthracenes↗
PubMed1994

[Anaphylaxis caused by chlorhexidine following cystoscopy or urethral catheterization].

Since 1983 the Netherlands Centre for Monitoring of Adverse Reactions to Drugs received 6 reports of anaphylaxis due to a chlorhexidine-containing lubricant used during cystoscopy or urinary catheterization. One case was described earlier. An accidental rechallenge in two patients was positive. In 5 cases, the causal relationship with chlorhexidine was confirmed by a positive reaction to intracutaneous testing. Although this adverse reaction is probably rare, medical practitioners should be aware of the possibility that a severe anaphylactic reaction may occur during use of these products.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗