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PubMed1994

[Cerebral cysticercosis treated with praziquantel--a case report].

We report a patient with cerebral cysticercosis treated with praziquantel. The patient, a 30-year-old man, was admitted to our hospital with a 12-year-history of generalized convulsion. MRI of the brain showed multiple cysts and the largest one in the right frontal lobe measured 3 cm in diameter. The intensity of cyst contents was same as that of the CSF on T1- and T2-weighted images. X-Ray of extremities and blood examinations showed no abnormal findings. The immunological testing for cysticercosis was negative in the serum. An operation was performed for the largest cyst in the right frontal lobe. The cyst was pathologically confirmed as cysticercosis. He was treated with praziquantel 50 mg/kg body weight in 3 divided doses per day with steroid cover for 7 days. The same therapy was repeated at an interval of 14 days. The patient was suffering from headache and scintilating scotoma only for a few days during the therapy. MRI revealed reduction in the size of the cysts in the right occipital lobe but no change in the other cysts. He was given praziquantel 600 mg per day for two months. As a result, the cysts in the right occipital lobe disappeared and the other cysts diminished on MRI.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Alteration in lipid peroxide content in cerebral cysticercosis].

Serum lipid peroxide (LPO) content in eighty-three cases of cysticercosis cellulosae was determined by the fluorescence method. the results showed that the LPO level in epileptic type and non-epileptic type of cerebral cysticercosis was significantly higher than that in the normal controls (P < 0.01). No significant difference in LPO was observed between epileptic type and non-epileptic type (P > 0.05). The results showed that LPO might play a role in the pathophysiology of cerebral cysticercosis.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1993

[Diagnosis and treatment of cysticercosis of cerebral ventricles].

31 patients with cysticercosis of cerebral ventricles verified by operation or pathological investigation were reported. All patients were between 7 and 64 years of age and 14 were females. All had a single cyst. Since 29 patients (94%) were without a history of intestinal taeniasis, it was proposed that most patients of cysticercosis of cerebral ventricles were caused by hetero-infection and the entrance of Cysticercus into brain ventricle was through choroid plexus along the cerebrospinal fluid. This is probably the reason why it occurs mostly in the 4th ventricle. The clinical manifestation of cysticercosis of cerebral ventricles were paroxysmal headache and vomiting caused by increased intracranial pressure. Ventriculography and CT scanning have considerable diagnostic value. Removal of Cysticercus by surgical operation is successful (Figs. 1-8).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Detection of CAg in CSF of 231 cerebral cysticercosis patients].

The results of detection of circulating antigen (CAg) in cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) of 231 cerebral cysticercosis patients with McAb (4F8)--based ELISA were reported and compared with the case histories, clinical manifestations and CT scans. No relationship was found between CAg detected in CSF of these cases and history of taeniasis. However, the positive rate of CAg in cerebral cysticercosis patients with subcutaneous nodules was found significantly higher than those in cases with simple cerebral cysticercosis and in cases with subcutaneous nodules disappeared after anti-Cysticercus therapy before CSF collection. The results of CAg detection in CSF were related with the CT findings as well as the stage of the disease. It is thus indicated that McAb (4F8)-based ELISA might be useful not only for diagnosis of neurocysticercosis, but also for the evaluation of efficacy of anti-Cysticercus therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Immunoelectrophoresis and double immunodiffusion in the diagnosis of human cerebral cysticercosis].

This paper describes the immune reactivity of the sera of humans with different probabilities of suffering cerebral cysticercosis as measured in immunoelectrophoresis and double diffusion against antigenic fractions from the wall, the liquid and the scolex of Cysticercus cellulosae. The proportion of positive sera with any antigenic fraction increased with the likelyhood of suffering cerebral cysticercosis, although some variation was found between antigenic fractions. Scolex and wall antigens showed the maximal discriminatory power between sick and healthy individuals: the probability of a false positive being less than 0.05 and that of a false negative ranging between 0.4 and 0.5. With these estimates it is concluded that a positive serum in immunoelectrophoresis or double diffusion against scolex or wall antigens practically establishes the diagnosis of cerebral cysticerocosis, although this event will occur in only half of the patients afflicted by the disease. The ease of execution of these tests and their discriminatory power between healthy and sick humans justify their establishment among diagnostic tools in cerebral cysticercosis.

Antigen-Antibody Reactions↗
PubMed1993

[Cysticercosis in the Czech Republic].

The authors report 10 cases of cysticercosis registered by the National Reference Laboratory for tissue helminthiasis. Six Czech citizens and four foreigners contracted the disease. Four of 6 Czech citizens were contaminated abroad. Six patients suffered from nervous manifestations of cysticercosis, 2 from muscular or subcutaneous cysticercosis and 2 patients had an asymptomatic course of the infection. The prerequisite of successful treatment with new anthelmintics is early diagnostics.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The marketing of cysticercotic pigs in the Sierra of Peru. The Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru.

In Peru pork supplied through regulated slaughterhouses is primarily restricted to the large cities on the coast. Approximately 65% of the pork consumed in the country is obtained through informal channels that are not inspected or supervised. The pathways via which pigs are commercialized were studied in Huancayo, a city in the Peruvian Sierra where cysticercosis is endemic. Official purchase, slaughter, and market records were reviewed. Also, direct surveys and participant observation were carried out at two local live pig markets and at two informal meat markets. Pigs were not processed in local slaughterhouses; instead, they were butchered informally. The proportion of cysticercotic pigs detected by tongue examination ranged from 14% to 25% of the total sold. Since cysticercotic pigs and pork are sold through informal markets, surveys of abattoirs and meat markets are not a reliable way to monitor the prevalence of porcine cysticercosis in Peru. We estimate that 48% of the pork traded informally and 23% of the total pork consumed in Huancayo is derived from pigs that are infected with cysticercosis.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1993

Thymus-related cellular immune mechanisms in sex-associated resistance to experimental murine cysticercosis (Taenia crassiceps).

The role of sex, thymus, and cellular immune mechanisms in mouse resistance to experimental cysticercosis with Taenia crassiceps was studied in male and female susceptible mice treated with cyclophosphamide, as well as in mice neonatally thymectomized and passively transferred with T-enriched lymphoid cells. High doses of cyclophosphamide increased delayed hypersensitivity and resistance of mice of both sexes without affecting antibody production. Neonatal thymectomy diminished resistance in both sexes but depressed delayed hypersensitivity in females only, without significantly affecting antibody response in either sex. Passive transfer of T-enriched lymphoid cells to thymectomized mice restored resistance to control levels without greatly affecting delayed hypersensitivity. Thus, our results indicate that cell-associated immune mechanisms are implicated in resistance to murine cysticercosis with T. crassiceps. Because neonatal thymectomy nearly equalized the intensity of infection of female and male mice, it is argued that the thymus is importantly involved in the interaction between gonads and the immune system in the control of this cysticercosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Epidemiology of cysticercosis in Madagascar].

By examining the sera from 1,408 healthy individuals in all six provinces of Madagascar with ELISA methods, we were able to demonstrate a very high prevalence for cysticercosis: 18%. The serologic markers for cysticercosis among 1,132 patients with neurologic symptoms was even higher: 36%. Furthermore, of 241 patients with neurocysticercosis, 82% of the serums recognized, in Western Blot test, the 14-20 Kd "evolutivity proteins". Cysticercosis is thus highly implicated in the neurologic syndromes found in Madagascar. Only adequate prophylaxis will permit a reduction in the incidence of this disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cysticercosis. Scientific productivity measured with with a review of the literature published from 1965 to 1995].

There have been 2521 articles published on cysticercosis between 1965 and 1995. An analysis of these articles is presented in this paper and includes the subjects, grouped in 61 descriptors and the frequency of each one, the number of articles published each year, which has increased, the journals used, in total 663, 7% of which include 42% of the articles, the parameters used to measure the quality and importance of the main journals used for cysticercosis, for example, 56% have impact factor, the authors and co-authors which add 4848, of these, 59 have published between 9 and 79 articles each one, the analysis of their frequency of publication indicates that once they start publishing on cysticercosis they follow on in this area. Of the most productive authors 58% are Latinoamerican, 22 of which are Mexican.

Authorship↗
PubMed1995

[Occurrence of human taeniasis and cysticercosis in pigs and cattle in the Katowice district].

Cases of taeniosis were mostly caused by Taenia saginata (318 cases--84.8%). They were more frequently found in urban populations (255 cases, which is 68%) than in villagers (63 cases--16.80%). Among the studied subjects there were fewer women than men (women--147, 39.2%, men--171--46.67%); taeniosis was diagnosed most frequently among persons aged 30-39 (89 cases--23.73%) and only rarely in children aged 0-9 (8 cases--2.13%). From 1986 through 1994 cysticercosis caused by Cysticercus bovis was found in 1684 (0.018%) animals of 934,202 heads of cattle slaughtered in Katowice district. That particular cysticercosis was observed each year. During the period 1986-1994 cysticercosis caused by Cysticercus cellulosae was found in only few pigs (6 cases--0.0001% of 5930961 examined pigs). In the same period of time echinococcosis was found in 196711 pigs, which is 3.3% of 5930961 examined animals.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Extramembranous glomerulonephritis and cysticercosis].

We report a case of impure nephrotic syndrome occurring during cysticercosis. Renal biopsy showed membranous glomerulonephritis, indicating that there were immune complexes involved in reaction to this parasite. The patient had previously received prednisolone treatment without any success. Subsequently, treatment with praziquantel was followed by the disappearance of subcutaneous nodules with a decrease of proteinuria. This led to a remission of the nephrotic syndrome and, after an immediate post-therapeutic peak, lower serologic levels. Also, after an immediate post-therapeutic peak, creatinemia reached the proper value, which was lower than before the treatment, within twenty months of evolution. Because nephropathy complicated the cysticercosis and the antiparasitic treatment was favorable, research on this type of infection is interesting. Also, the serology of cysticercosis should be added to the list of antigen tests which could identify the cause of membranous glomerulonephritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Seroprevalence of cysticercosis, taeniasis and swine infection on Réunion Island in 1992].

Cysticercosis is a parasitic disease commonly observed in developing countries in Latin America, Africa, and Asia. Many cases involving cerebral injury have been reported on Reunion Island, a French department in the Indian Ocean. The present article describes the findings of a seroprevalence survey performed from September 1990 to May 1992 using an ELISA technique. Out of a total of 1010 individuals randomly selected from the voter registration records of the island's 24 polling districts, 993 agreed to be interviewed and undergo blood testing. Samples from 14 individuals were positive for cysticercosis, indicating a seroprevalence of 1.4% with 95% confidence interval from 0.7 to 2.1%. Seropositive individuals were evenly distributed throughout the island with no statistical difference regarding sex and age. A retrospective study showed that diagnosis of taeniasis was uncommon (less than 0.02% of stool examinations for parasites). Meat inspection records showed that no pork had be seized due to taeniasis since 1993 but raising of pigs by private citizens without veterinarian control is still widespread. Living conditions are improving and eradication of endemic cysticercosis seems achievable by enforcing zoning codes and educating people about the need for proper meat handling and treatment of taeniasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Cerebral cysticercosis: why it should be treated].

BACKGROUND: In Guadeloupe, cases of neurocysticercosis have been rarely observed in people recently immigrated from Haiti. We followed 2 women with seizures, associated with meningitis or encephalitis. CASE REPORT: Computed tomography scan and muscle X-ray have displayed specific features of cysticercosis with small diffuse calcifications. This was associated with positive antibodies for cysticercosis. After respectively 5 and 17 years, these patients developed recurrent manifestations of neurocysticercosis with subacute, quite silent meningitis after pregnancy, with CSF increased cells count (180 lymphocytes/mm3), raised protein level (0.6 g/l) and positive antibodies for cysticercosis in the first case, and cortical granuloma with fever and repetitive seizures in the second. DISCUSSION: These observations suggest that the patients were chronically infested, for more than 5 years. Although the brain lesions were quiescent for many years, new lesions responsible for inflammatory cysts occurred while they still lived outside her native endemic area. In such cases, treatment would benefit to the patient by breaking down the auto-infestation cycle.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Improved diagnosis as an aid to better surveillance of Taenia solium cysticercosis, a potential public health threat to Papua New Guinea.

Taenia solium cysticercosis has been recognized as a public health problem in Indonesian Irian Jaya since its unfortunate introduction in a number of infected pigs imported from Bali. From its original point of introduction in 1971, the infection has spread from the Wissel Lakes area to other places within Irian Jaya. The present situation at the border between Irian Jaya and Papua New Guinea (PNG) is difficult to assess accurately but, in light of the flow of refugees and the traditional rights of movement of people with their pigs in the border area, PNG populations are now at risk. Government health officers and veterinarians in PNG are well aware of this threat and have been watching closely for transmission of Taenia solium into PNG. A rigorous survey of Irianese refugees at the border and surrounding areas in PNG using recently developed immunodiagnostic procedures such as the EITB (enzyme immunoelectrotransfer blot) for detecting human and pig cysticercosis and the dipstick ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) for identifying T. solium carriers, coupled with careful assessment of medical history and clinical and stool examination, is, however, required. Such a study would allow evaluation of the prevalence of cysticercosis and taeniasis in Irian Jayan refugees residing in camps in PNG. The study would also determine the extent to which the parasite has spread easterly and, importantly, whether cysticercosis/taeniasis has crossed the border and is endemic in PNG, thereby constituting a potentially serious public health problem.

Animal Diseases↗
PubMed1998

Taenia crassiceps cysticercosis: humoral immune response and protection elicited by DNA immunization.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate DNA vaccination in cysticercosis prevention by using a Taenia crassiceps cDNA of a recombinant antigen (KETc7) that has been reported as protective against murine cysticercosis. The KETc7 cDNA was cloned into the pcDNA3 plasmid alone or with the betaglycan signal peptide sequence (pTc-7 and pTc-sp7, respectively). Positive expression of the pTc-sp7 product was confirmed by transfection of C33 cells and immunofluorescence using sera of mice infected with T. crassiceps. Immunization of mice with 3 injections of pTc-sp7 DNA at the higher dose (200 microg) was the most effective to induce antibody with or without bupivacaine. Immunization with pTc-sp7 induced protection against challenge with T. crassiceps cysticerci as successfully as previously observed with the KETc7 recombinant protein. Antibodies elicited by DNA immunization with pTc-sp7 specifically reacted with the native protein of 56 kDa previously reported, which is immunolocalized in the tegument of T. crassiceps cysticerci. The 56-kDa antigen is also present in Taenia solium oncospheres, cysticerci, and adult tissue. The protection induced in DNA-immunized mice and the observation that the injected plasmid remains as an episomic form within muscle cells, encouraged us to continue testing this procedure to prevent T. solium cysticercosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

A survey report--July 1993: cysticercosis in the Grand Dani Valley, Jayawijaya District, Irian Jaya Province, Indonesia.

A community survey was conducted in Gran Dani Valley, Jayawijaya District, Irian Jaya Province, Indonesia. A total of 537 adults were asked whether they experienced epilepsy, and were physically examined for cysticercosis cysts. Forty-eight percent experienced at least one attack of epilepsy. Men had attacks 2.5 times more often than woman. Cysticercosis cysts were found in 26.5% men having 4.6 times more cysts than women. The cysts were mostly found in the pectoral region. The survey showed a raise cysticercosis in the Highlands of Irian Jaya and is considered a public health problem. Treatment was not available, but improvement of personal and environmental hygiene would be important. Mass de-worming activity should be a part of routine public health service in the district.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Control of echinococcosis and cysticercosis: a public health challenge to international cooperation in China.

Echinococcosis, both cystic and alveolar, and Taenia solium cysticercosis are the most serious zoonotic cestodoses worldwide. Because of the emerging importance of these diseases in China, several international workshops and meetings were held in this country from 1998 to 2001. Based on round table discussions in Chengdu 2000, the proposal of a strategy to control echinococcosis and cysticercosis has been prepared in China. It includes a comprehensive approach based on a careful analysis of the local situations (particularly concerning the particularities of the cycle, ecology, and ethology of the animal hosts, and behavioral characteristics of the population at risk), the use of newly developed tools both in animals and human (immunology, molecular biology, and imaging), and the association of the traditional control measures (control of slaughtering, antiparasitic treatment and control of the definitive hosts, and health education) with more recent developments such as vaccination of the intermediate hosts. Plans on for the control of echinococcosis and cysticercosis in China are summarized.

Animals↗