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PubMed1992

[Trachoma in the province of Ouarzazate, Morocco].

A survey on the prevalence and severity of trachoma was carried out in the province of Ouarzazate, Morocco. In conformity with the guidelines proposed by the WHO Programme for the Prevention of Blindness, a random sample of 30 clusters was extracted from the general population of the province, according to probability proportional to size. Thus, the sample comprised 1200 individuals, of whom 1185 were examined. Participation in the survey was 98.8% and, overall, the sample is considered representative of the province. The simplified grading system proposed by WHO was used to register the data on trachoma and its complications. The global prevalence of trachoma was estimated at 40.8% (95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 30.2-51.4%) and that of active trachoma (follicular (TF), intense (TI), and mixed (TF + TI)) at 18% (95% CI = 12.8-23.2%). The trachomatous intensity indicator (presence of TI) for children under 10 years of age was 12.8% (95% CI = 6.8-18.8%). The severity of the infection is confirmed by prevalences of trichiasis-entropion of 2.2% (95% CI = 1.4-3.0%) and central corneal opacity of 3.3%. Corneal blindness is estimated at 1.6%. The epidemiological pattern of trachoma merits particular attention in the field of public health, particularly in the valley of Oued Drâa, where all the indicators are consistently higher than those elsewhere in the province.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

ProTon tonometer determination of intraocular pressure in patients with scarred corneas.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the measure of intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with scarred corneas obtained from the affected and non-affected areas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen patients with small maculo-leucomatous corneal opacity following microbial keratitis were prospectively included in the study. Goldmann applanation tonometry was done first on the non-affected corneal surface. ProTon tonometry (PT) was then carried out on the same eye, to obtain IOP measurements from the non-affected (PT1) and the affected area (PT2) of the cornea. The IOP measurements were compared using a two-tail paired t test. RESULTS: The mean of IOP measurements of PT 2 and PT1 was 22 mm of Hg (SD +/- 5.2) and 14.8 mm of Hg (SD +/- 5.4), respectively. The higher reading of PT2 was statistically significant ( P < 0.001). The mean Goldmann applanation tonometry was 14.6 mm of Hg (SD 5.4) and it did not differ significantly ( P = 0.86) from the PT1 readings of 14.8 mm of Hg (SD 5.4). CONCLUSION: In patients with maculo-leucomatous corneal opacity, determination of IOP by ProTon tonometer varies from the affected to the non-affected area. The ProTon tonometer overestimates the level of IOP when it is applied to a leucomatous corneal opacity.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunohistochemical characterization of epithelial cells implanted in the flap-stroma interface of the cornea.

PURPOSE: To investigate the expression of extracellular matrix collagens and their relationship to corneal opacities after implantation of epithelial cells in the flap-stroma corneal interface. METHODS: A corneal flap was made on rabbit eyes, and epithelial cells, mechanically scraped from tissue surrounding the flap, were implanted beneath the flap. The corneas were harvested 1, 3, 7, and 30 days following surgery. Histological and immunohistochemical examinations were performed. The expression and localization of types I, III, and IV collagens and gelatinase A were determined. RESULTS: Slit-lamp examination showed corneal opacity in the area where the epithelial cells were implanted. Histological study revealed clusters of epithelial cells between the flap and stromal interface. One week and 1 month after the implantation, intense immunoreactivity for collagen type IV was detected at the perimeters of the intrastromal epithelial islands, but not in the interface outside the implanted epithelial cells. Weak positive staining for gelatinase A was detected in the implanted epithelial cells and surrounding keratocytes. CONCLUSIONS: The heavy deposition of collagen type IV surrounding the implanted epithelial cells indicated that it might be an essential component of the interface haze observed in patients following laser in situ Keratomileusis. Gelatinase A may also play a role in the regulation of stromal remodeling after epithelial ingrowth.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Participation of T lymphocyte in corneal edema in the early stage of herpetic stromal keratitis.

The participation of T lymphocytes in the immunopathogenesis of corneal opacity in herpetic stromal keratitis was investigated. In BALB/c mice infected intracorneally with herpes simplex virus type 1, corneal opacity was manifested 10 days after infection, while in athymic mice corneas remained almost clear. Histologically, all opaque corneas revealed stromal edema accompanied by the diffuse presence of polymorphonuclear cells and lymphocytes. When complement (C')-treated immune spleen cells were adoptively transferred into athymic mice 6 or 72 h after corneal infection, stromal keratitis with mild opacity was observed 10 days after transfer. The athymic mice given anti-Thy 1.2+C'-treated immune spleen cells failed to develop corneal opacity. The difference, as revealed by light and electron microscopy, was the presence or absence of lymphocytic infiltration and edema in the posterior third layers of the stroma and endothelial lesions. The endothelium was infiltrated by lymphocytes or macrophages and showed various stages of destruction. The main cause of corneal opacity in the early stage of herpetic stromal keratitis is thought to be stromal edema due to an adverse effect on the endothelium by immune T lymphocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Visually debilitating pterygium: surgical and contact lens treatment.

PURPOSE: We present the management of a patient with large pterygia complicated by irregular astigmatism and corneal opacities. Visual rehabilitation required both surgical excision and contact lens fitting. METHODS: We examined a 30-year-old man with hand motion vision from a large pterygium overgrowing his right cornea. Histopathology was consistent with pterygium. During the first few postoperative weeks, his uncorrected visual acuity improved to 20/60, and manifest refraction yielded no further improvement. In the subsequent months, there were increasing anterior stromal corneal opacities, and the refraction became hyperopic to a variable degree. RESULTS: Best corrected visual acuity was 20/70-20/100. Axial length was 22.64 +/- 0.07 mm. Computerized corneal topography 6 months postoperative was similar to the preoperative topography and revealed irregular and asymmetric astigmatism, with marked variation of the central corneal dioptric power. Slit lamp biomicroscopy suggested that the corneal opacities were responsible for the patient's decreased acuity; however, contact lens fitting provided 20/30 vision with a rigid gas permeable contact lens. CONCLUSIONS: The improved vision with contact lens therapy strongly suggested that the irregular and asymmetric astigmatism were more visually significant than the corneal opacities.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Inhibition of corneal inflammation by the topical use of Ras farnesyltransferase inhibitors: selective inhibition of macrophage localization.

PURPOSE: Ras farnesyltransferase inhibitors are known to block the membrane translocalization of oncogenic Ras protein. They inhibit the cytoplasmic mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascade related to Ras protein. Thus far, Ras farnesyltransferase inhibitors have been exclusively regarded with the anticancer drugs. The object of this study was to elucidate the role of Ras farnesyltransferase inhibitors on the corneal opacity induced by an inflammatory stimulus. METHODS: We used a cauterization-induced corneal inflammation model. The central corneas of BALB/c mice were cauterized with silver nitrate (1 mm in diameter). Ras farnesyltransferase inhibitors, either manumycin or gliotoxin eye drops (each drug dissolved in balanced salt solution [BSS] at concentrations of 1 mM), were topically delivered to the cauterized cornea every 8 hours; BSS eye drops were used as a control. Clinical signs such as corneal edema, opacity, and corneal neovascularization, which are major causes of visual disturbance, were then examined 96 hours after the cauterization. The corneal edema and opacity were clinically scored under a stereoscopic microscope. The corneal neovascularization was evaluated by the length of the blood vessels from the limbus and the sum of extension central angle of vascularized limbus. Furthermore, the corneas were examined histologically, and the phenotypes of the cornea-infiltrating cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The control corneas showed prominent edema, neovascularization, and opacity. Histologic analysis revealed corneal epithelial and endothelial cell loss and a large amount of inflammatory cell infiltration into the corneal stroma. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that most of the infiltrating cells were neutrophils and macrophages. In contrast, the degree of corneal edema, neovascularization, and opacity was significantly less in the manumycin- or gliotoxin-treated corneas than in the control corneas. Histologically, the manumycin- and gliotoxin-treated corneas showed minimum edema and good epithelialization. Flow cytometric analysis showed corneal infiltration of macrophages to be selectively and clearly inhibited. Neither manumycin nor gliotoxin produced any side effects in the noncauterized normal cornea either clinically or histologically. CONCLUSIONS: Ras proteins play an important role in cauterization-induced corneal inflammation and the opacity it induces. Ras farnesyltransferase inhibitors thus have a great potential for improving the treatment of corneal opacity induced by a corneal inflammatory stimulus.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2000

[Specific causes of blindness and vision impairment in a rural area of Southern Togo].

PURPOSE: To determine prevalences of specific causes of blindness and visual impairment in a rural area of Southern Togo. METHOD: A transversal exhaustive screening was conducted. The sample consisted of the inhabitants aged 5 years and over. From the census, 2293 persons were expected, however, 1738 (75.80%) responded and underwent screening. Each participant had complete ocular examination, and data collected were processed for analysis. RESULTS: The mean age of all participants was 28.02 years, men were predominant. The prevalence of bilateral visual impairment was 2.13%, prevalence of unilateral impairment was 1.15%. Bilateral blindness prevalence was 2.47%, while unilateral blindness prevalence was 2. 65%. Main ocular blinding diseases and their prevalences were as follows: cataracts (8.34%), glaucoma (1.90%), corneal opacities (1. 09%). Women were more affected by bilateral visual impairment, bilateral blindness and cataract.: p= 0.0106 Men were more affected by glaucoma, corneal opacities and unilateral blindness. Participants aged 55 years and over were at high risk of blindness and visual impairment; p= 0.0104. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that prevalence of blindness is high, and its major causes are cataract, glaucoma and corneal opacities. A prevention strategy is therefore needed and targeted to these diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Excimer laser-assisted anterior lamellar keratoplasty for keratoconus, corneal problems after laser in situ keratomileusis, and corneal stromal opacities.

PURPOSE: To evaluate excimer laser-assisted anterior lamellar keratoplasty to augment thin corneas as in keratoconus (<350 microm) and corneal ectasia after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and to treat anterior stromal opacities. SETTING: Ophthalmology Department, School of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey. METHODS: Thirteen eyes (5 keratoconus, 3 macular dystrophies, 1 post-LASIK ectasia, 1 post-LASIK interstitial keratitis, 3 post-herpetic keratitis sequelae) of 13 patients were included in this prospective study. The treatment group was divided into corneal ectasia and stromal opacity groups. A donor stromal button approximately 350 microm thick received a 100 microm excimer laser ablation on the endothelium. The remaining cornea (epithelium, Bowman's membrane, and stroma) was punched with a 7.5 or 7.7 mm trephine. After transepithelial ablation of the host cornea to 200 mum thickness, the corneal button was sutured with interrupted 10-0 monofilament nylon. Sutures were removed between 3 months and 6 months postoperatively. Preoperative and postoperative simulated keratometric cylinders and corneal thickness values were compared using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. The postoperative spherical equivalent refraction and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) between the groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 27.6 months +/- 8.3 (SD). All patients gained 2 lines or more of BSCVA, and no patient lost a line. The mean corneal thickness was 381.2 +/- 88.2 microm preoperatively, which significantly increased to 534.9 +/- 96.6 microm postoperatively (P < .05). The mean preoperative simulated keratometric cylinder was 7.44 +/- 7.18 diopters (D); postoperatively, it decreased to 2.61 +/- 1.73 D (P < .05). There was no significant difference in postoperative spherical equivalent refraction or BSCVA between the groups (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: This technique presents a different modality for the treatment of keratoconus, post-LASIK corneal problems, and other corneal stromal opacities with anterior lamellar keratoplasty. Additional studies with more patients and longer follow-up will help determine the role of this technique as a substitute for penetrating keratoplasty in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Long-term follow-up of excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy.

PURPOSE: To evaluate long-term follow-up results of excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) in a Japanese population. METHODS: Twenty-six patients (31 eyes) with corneal opacity were treated with excimer laser PTK. Preoperative diagnoses included 16 eyes with band keratopathy, 10 with granular dystrophy, and 5 with corneal scar. Mean postoperative follow-up was 27 months. RESULTS: Corneal opacity was reduced in all patients. At postoperative month 12, best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) improved from the preoperative level in 22 eyes of 28 eyes, did not change in 3 eyes, and declined in 3 eyes. BSCVA at month 24 was better than the preoperative acuity in 17 eyes of 23 eyes, similar in 1 eye, and worse in 5 eyes. Eyes with granular dystrophy showed significantly better BSCVA improvement than those with band keratopathy. A hyperopic shift of +1.0 diopter or more occurred in 14 eyes of 28 eyes at month 12 and in 12 eyes of 23 eyes at month 24. No serious adverse effects were encountered during the 3-year follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Excimer laser PTK is a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of Japanese patients with superficial corneal opacity.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Refractive changes after excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy.

PURPOSE: To study the visual and refractive changes in patients with superficial corneal opacities after excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK). SETTING: Eye Clinic, Kobe Kaisei Hospital, Kobe, Japan. METHODS: One hundred twelve eyes of 80 patients with superficial corneal opacities had PTK with the Nidek EC-5000 excimer laser system. All patients had routine ophthalmic examinations including uncorrected and Landolt best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measurements, subjective and objective refractions, keratometry, EyeSys (Premier Laser Systems, Inc.) corneal topography performed before and 1 week and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after PTK, and pachymetry performed before and 12 months after PTK. The change in refractive status within 12 months of PTK and the relationship between factors such as ablation depth, transition zone (TZ) setting, and use of masking agents and the amount of hyperopic shift were also assessed. RESULTS: The BCVA increased by more than 2 lines in 65.1% of eyes and by 1 line in 24.1%. The BCVA did not change in 12 eyes (10.8%) because of cataract or underlying retinal disease. A mean hyperopic shift of 3.42 +/- 1.15 diopters (D) (range 1.00 to 5.25 D) was seen in all eyes at 12 months. The hyperopic shift peaked 1 month after PTK and tended to decline after that; it stabilized at 12 months. CONCLUSION: Although PTK is a safe and efficient method for the treatment of superficial corneal opacities, induced hyperopia after the procedure remains a major problem. A shallow ablation depth (less than 100 microm), presence of a TZ setting, and use of a masking agent decrease the hyperopic shift significantly.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Ipsilateral rotational autokeratoplasty: an alternative to penetrating keratoplasty in nonprogressive central corneal scars.

PURPOSE: To report the outcome of ipsilateral rotational autokeratoplasty performed for nonprogressive central corneal opacities. METHODS: Medical records of 27 patients who underwent ipsilateral rotational autokeratoplasty between June 1995 and December 1998 were retrospectively reviewed. The etiology of corneal opacity, preoperative visual acuity, and size of the trephine used was noted. Any intraoperative and early and late postoperative complications were noted in all patients. The final outcome, visual acuity, and astigmatism at final correction were analyzed. RESULTS: The main etiology of corneal opacity was trauma (44.4%), followed by resolved keratitis (29.6%). The size of the graft ranged from 6.5 to 9 mm. Fifteen patients underwent autokeratoplasty alone; additional procedures were combined in the remaining 12. Wound leak was the most common postoperative complication, which was seen in seven patients. The mean follow-up was 12.11 months (SD = 11.95 months). Five patients (18.5%) were lost to follow-up. Of the remaining 22, 19 (86.36%) had clear grafts and 3 (13.6%) had failed grafts. The mean astigmatism at final correction was 4.25 diopters cylinder (SD = 2.72). Final visual acuity of 20/80 or better was obtained in 13 cases (59.09%). CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to common belief, ipsilateral rotational autokeratoplasty is a safe and effective surgical procedure. It can be considered as an alternative procedure to penetrating keratoplasty in a scenario in which tissue scarcity exists, as well as in cases that have a high risk of developing immunologic allograft rejection. Further prospective studies with preoperative specular microscopy and postoperative corneal topography will provide greater insight into the usefulness of this procedure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Trachoma in The Gambia.

BACKGROUND: As part of the second National Survey of Blindness and Low Vision in the Gambia carried out in 1996, all survey participants were examined for signs of trachoma. The findings were compared with the results of the first survey in 1986, which used the same sampling strategy. METHODS: A multistage stratified cluster random sample, with proportional probability sampling, was obtained. Stratification included settlement size (less than 400 residents, and 400 and more residents). All subjects were examined for trachoma using the simplified WHO grading system. RESULTS: Of the sample of 14,110 people, 13,047 (92.5%) were examined. Active inflammatory trachoma (grade TF or TI) was found in 3.0% of all age groups and 5.9% of children aged 0-9 years old. Trichiasis was found in 3.3% and trachomatous corneal opacities in 0.9% of adults aged 30 and over. The prevalence of blinding trachomatous corneal opacities was 0.02%, compared with 0.10% 10 years previously. CONCLUSION: Compared with a previous national survey undertaken in 1986, prevalence of active trachoma has fallen by 54%. There has been an 80% relative reduction in blinding trachomatous corneal opacities over the 10 year period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Blindness and low vision in Jimma Zone, Ethopia: results of a population-based survey.

A population-based study on the prevalence of blindness and low vision was carried out in Jimma Zone, south-western Ethiopia between November 1994 and January 1995. A total of 7423 people from a sample of 8215 (90.4%) was examined. Sixty-three (0.85%) were blind (visual acuity less than 3/60 in the better eye) and 125 people (1.7%) had low vision (less than 6/18-3/60). Cataract and aphakia (52.4%), corneal opacity and phthisis bulbi (25.4%), and glaucoma (9.5%) were the major causes of blindness. Cataract (56.8%), refractive errors (28.8%), and corneal opacity (12.8%) were the major causes of low vision. Corneal opacity from trachoma was responsible for 20.6% of all blindness and 10.4% of low vision. The prevalence of visual impairment due to refractive errors was 5.1/1000 population. Almost 25% of the study population had active trachoma, and 0.9% of pre-school children had signs of vitamin A deficiency. Out of a total population of 2 million an estimated 17,000 people are blind and 34,000 have low vision (i.e., a total of 51,000 people with visual impairment). Approximately 20,000 people require cataract surgery, 52,000 require lid surgery for trichiasis, 24,000 require spectacles (excluding presbyopia), including 10,000 for significant refractive errors, half a million require treatment for active trachoma and 4,000 require glaucoma treatment. Effective and feasible eye care programs need to be established in the zone and the available ophthalmic services have to be strengthened. These may be achievable through joint efforts of the community and the Ministry of Health in collaboration with non-governmental organizations. The available eye services are briefly described and recommendations made to meet the important needs for prevention of blindness in the region.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Tyrosinemia produced by 2-(2-nitro-4-trifluoromethylbenzoyl)-cyclohexane-1,3-dione (NTBC) in experimental animals and its relationship to corneal injury.

2-(2-Nitro-4-trifluoromethylbenzoyl)-cyclohexane-1,3-dione (NTBC) is a potent inhibitor of rat liver 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) leading to tyrosinemia and corneal opacity. We examined the effect of NTBC on the extent of tyrosinemia and production of corneal lesions in the beagle dog, rabbit and rhesus monkey, as part of safety evaluation on this drug. A single oral dose of 10 mg NTBC/kg to beagle dogs or rabbits increased the concentration of tyrosine in plasma and aqueous humour of the eye, the tyrosinemia being both time- and dose-dependent. Hepatic HPPD was markedly inhibited with little effect on the activity of tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) and homogentisic acid oxidase at the time of peak plasma tyrosine. Daily oral administration of NTBC to beagle dogs at 0.1, 0.5, 1.5 and 5 mg/kg/day produced corneal opacities with an incidence of 34% following 11 weeks of dosing, which reversed upon withdrawal of the drug. Tyrosine in plasma and aqueous humour was increased at all dose levels, 18 weeks after dosing. In contrast, daily oral administration of NTBC to rabbits for 6 weeks and rhesus monkeys for 12 weeks at 10 mg/kg/day produced no evidence of corneal opacities although tyrosine values were markedly increased. Our studies have shown that NTBC is a potent inhibitor of rabbit, beagle dog and by inference rhesus monkey liver HPPD producing a marked tyrosinemia in all species studied, while only beagle dogs show corneal lesions. The production of corneal lesions in experimental animals exposed to NTBC does not appear to be simply related to the concentration of tyrosine in ocular fluid, other as yet unidentified factors appear to be necessary to trigger tissue injury.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Ocular anterior segment pathologies and tear film changes in patients with psoriasis vulgaris.

Ocular manifestations in patients with psoriasis vulgaris have been investigated in only a small number of studies. Our purpose was to identify tear film function and ocular pathologies associated with psoriasis vulgaris in patients who had received neither oral retinoids nor phototherapy. We examined 62 eyes of 31 patients with psoriasis and 60 eyes of 30 age-and-sex matched healthy volunteers. In addition to complete ocular and dermatological examination, tear film function (i.e., tear secretion and tear film stability) were assessed by the Schirmer-I test, as well as by tear film break-up time. None of the controls had any ocular abnormalities, whereas 67.74% of patients with psoriasis had various anterior segment pathologies (P<0.00009). The most prevalent finding was chronic blepharoconjunctivitis (64.5%), as the only pathology (n=9) or in association with other findings, including nonspecific corneal opacities (n=4), cataract (n=3), both corneal opacities and cataract (n=2), and corneal pigment dispersion (n=2). The Schirmer-I test results revealed comparable mean values in the patient group (9.8+-4.2 mm) and in the controls (11.2+-3.7 mm; P=0.078). However, mean tear film break-up time was significantly shorter in the patients (7.2+-2.5 sec) than in the healthy persons (11.7+-3.1 sec; P=0.001). In agreement with some previous reports, our findings clearly demonstrated that early ocular involvement occurs in patients with psoriasis vulgaris, irrespective of the history of previous therapeutic modalities (e.g., retinoid therapy and phototherapy). Thus, the present findings are suggestive of the contributory role of primary etiologic factors of psoriasis in the pathogenesis of ocular changes in patients with psoriasis vulgaris.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Keratopathy in rats after treatment with tilorone.

According to clinical reports, the antitumor drug tilorone induces corneal opacities in patients. The present communication shows that keratopathy can be experimentally reproduced in rats and describes the cellular alterations underlying the corneal opacities. Tilorone was applied either orally (60-90 mg/kg) for several weeks or topically (2%) for a few days. Biomicroscopic examination performed after treatment for 6 weeks or longer revealed fine punctate opacities throughout the corneal stroma. Ultrastructurally, the keratocytes were swollen due to large, optically empty vacuoles in the cytoplasm. Similar, albeit smaller, vacuoles were also numerous in the endothelium and less frequent in the epithelium. Histochemical experiments showed that the cellular alterations represented lysosomal storage of polyanionic substances, most probably sulfated glycosaminoglycans, thus mimicking the cytological picture of mucopolysaccharidosis. Upon discontinuation of drug treatment, the alterations tended not to recede. This keratopathy in rats is part of a generalized mucopolysaccharidosis-like disorder induced by tilorone.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Retinal and corneal dysplasias in the Yorkshire terrier and other dog breeds in Austria].

Mother and son of a Yorkshire Terrier family showed excessive multifocal retinal dysplasia (RD1) and geographical retinal dysplasia (RD2), intra- and preretinal hemorrhages partial and total retinal detachment (total RD/RD3), residues of the pupillary membrane and as a newness in this combination a geographical, subepithelial corneal opacity, composed of small dots. One, not examined son of the same litter was congenitally blind. Similar corneal opacities were also found in two Rough Collies affected with CEA, RD, and microphthalmia, a young German Wirehair Pointer with primary absolute glaucoma in conjunction with goniodysplasia and RD in the healthy seeming fellow eye as well as in a poodle puppy affected with bilateral posterior suture-line cataract in connection with persistent primary hyperplastic vitreous (PHPV) in one and a globe-shaped deformed retina in connection with a persistent, blood conducting hyaloid artery in the other eye. The latter finally resulted in intraocular hemorrhage and secondary glaucoma. A pathogenetic connection between ocular malformations and subepithelial corneal opacity seems to be likely.

Animals↗