An overview of cholecalciferol toxicosis.
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The review of the literature is devoted to derivatives of calciferol (vitamin D3), representatives of a new group of antiproliferative drugs employed in psoriasis, ichthyosis, rheumatism and some neoplastic processes. Results are submitted of histo- and biochemical, physiological, and clinical trials of the synthetic derivative of vitamin D calcipotriol, a possibility of its combination with physiotheraputic modes of treatment is reported together with recently identified side effects. Novel analogues of the drug are listed, with their merits and demerits pointed out. The authors conclude that further studies are warranted into abnormalities of metabolism of calcium in psoriasis to develop efficacious modes of correction of dermatosis involving the use of representatives of the given group of medicinal agents.
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95 patients with chronic hepatitis who presented not only with symptoms related to chronic hepatitis, but also had the signs peculiar to osteoarthropathy which sometimes clinically dominated among other symptoms were examined. Clear correlation was observed between the frequency, severity of the syndrome associated with osteoarthropathy and the decrease in mineral density of the osseous tissue. This tendency was even more seen in patients with chronic hepatitis B and C. The use of calcium medicines, preparations containing D3-vitamin and amisone as a pathogenic therapy has proved to be effective.
Mean atmospheric ozone levels have increased steadily in the last 25 years, and this is likely to have decreased the amount of UVR reaching the earth's surface. Vitamin D3 formation in man depends on the UV irradiation of a precursor in the skin, and so we have used a computer, and the action spectrum for D3 production, to calculate the probable reduction in vitamin D3 formed by the human skin as a result of the increased ozone levels. We estimate that in the period from 1951 to 1972 the total vitamin D accumulation by the body might have thus been reduced by 15%.
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The vitamin D3 levels in fortified milk (0.5% fat) and other low fat products, such as infant formulas, porridges and gruels were determined chemically and biologically. The chemical method was based on a semi-preparative straight phase clean-up procedure, followed by an analytical reversed phase quantifying step. The biological tests were carried out using the curative x-ray method. The agreement between the results of the two method was good. The overall recoveries for the HPLC-method were 95% (SD = 2.8%, n = 13) at concentrations of 10 micrograms per 100 g and 5 micrograms per litre for fortified products and milk, respectively. The minimum detectable amount was 250 pg vitamin D3. The pre-vitamin D3 formation was studied during saponification conditions and the isomer ratio was estimated.
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