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Proc, Dr. Sam, Uncle Henry, and the "Little Green Book". Interview by Charles F. Wooley.

During his house staff training before World War II, Dr. W. Proctor Harvey encountered Dr. Samuel A. Levine at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in Boston. Following military service, Harvey returned to Boston and became Levine's first cardiology fellow. The book Clinical Auscultation of the Heart--the Little Green Book by Levine and Harvey in 1949 combined Levine's clinical wisdom with Harvey's objective phonocardiographic methods and brought an important objective dimension to the art of cardiac auscultation. Both Levine and Harvey shared experiences and friendship with Henry Christian, the first Physician-in-Chief when the new Brigham Hospital Opened in 1913. Christian, appointed Dean of the Harvard Medical School in 1908 at the age of 32, was referred to as the "Boy Dean." He held the Hersey Chair of Theory and Practice of Physic from 1908 until 1939, was one of the founding group of the American Society for Clinical Investigation, and a major force in academic medicine. Levine served as intern to Christian and then joined the Brigham medical staff in 1915. Proctor Harvey followed Henry Christian's path from their mutual hometown of Lyunchburg, VA to the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital. A series of illuminating and respectful professional interactions--initially between Christian and Levine, between Levine and Harvey in the early 1940s, and between Harvey and Christian in the 1950s--provide the background for the genesis of the Little Green Book and a remarkable example of academic heritage.

Cardiology↗

Assessment of the "E' book as a tool for drug monitoring.

For two years, the following records were linked for 10 453 people: (1) basic attributes; (2) details of prescriptions; and (3) information about illnesses recorded by general practitioners (GPs) in an "E' book. Analyses were performed to reveal association between drugs and diagnoses. Although the "E' book has certain disadvantages for drug monitoring, the methods proved to be capable of detecting adverse effects of drugs. Unfortunately the number of practitioners using "E' books would be too small for detection of most serious hazards such as the induction of cancer. Hence it is concluded that the first priority should be to establish a record linkage scheme covering hospital admissions, obstetric deliveries, and deaths.

Acute Disease↗

Do children with autism learn to read more readily by computer assisted instruction or traditional book methods? A pilot study.

The study evaluates the progress of eight children aged 3-5 years with autism attending a specialist teaching unit in their development of reading skills in two conditions: computer instructed learning and book based learning. The authors developed a direct observation schedule to monitor autistic behaviours using computerized techniques. The children were matched by age, severity of autistic symptomatology and number of spoken words. They were initially randomly allocated to the computer or book condition and crossed over at 10 weeks. All of the children spent more time on task in the computer condition than in the book condition. By the end of the study after computer assisted learning, five of the eight children could reliably identify at least three words. It was found that children with autism spent more time on reading material when they accessed it through a computer and were less resistant to its use.

Autistic Disorder↗

Special books for special children.

Simple books written for an individual child can assist that child in coping with unusual and potentially stressful medical problems. The philosophy, techniques, and process of writing this type of book are shared, as well as examples of illustrations and text from two books written for preschool children: one with a glycogen storage problem and one requiring a hand amputation. The article serves as a guide and encouragement to others involved with the emotional care of children to consider this technique as a complement to preparation and hospital play.

Bibliotherapy↗

John Exner and the book that started it all: a review of The Rorschach Systems.

This article is a review and a reassessment of Exner's (1969) The Rorschach Systems. The book reviews the history of the development of the Rorschach, primarily in the United States, including a detailed analysis of the progressive development of systems devised by Klopfer, Beck, Piotrowski, Hertz, Rapaport, and Schafer. The final versions of each system are compared with each other, and with Rorschach's own system. The development of the book is linked to Exner' s personal relationship with Klopfer, Beck, and Hertz. The book is described as the basic forerunner of Exner's Comprehensive System.

Journal Article↗

How to get your medical book published.

What do medical publishers want? What types of book sell well? How you should you approach a publisher with an idea for a book? This article provides answers to these and other questions. Doctors with good ideas for books are in demand. But beware, success also carries penalties!

Humans↗

Homosexuality in Dutch instruction books for youths.

The information on homosexuality was analyzed in the 71 sex-instruction books for youths published in The Netherlands between 1945 and 1982. Within this period, substantial shifts occurred toward a more tolerant attitude regarding homosexuality. Still, quite a few things can be said against the modern instruction books and the authors urge an unremitting critical attitude in evaluating these books.

Adolescent↗

Reading at a distance: implications for the design of text in children's big books.

BACKGROUND: Visual acuity, typically measured by the ability to name letters at a distance, is poorer when letters are small and closely spaced. It has been suggested that reading can be affected by letter size and spacing. AIM: To determine the effect of text size and spacing on the ability to read at a distance, with a view to helping with the design of text in children's 'Big Books'. SAMPLE: The visual acuity of 200 children aged between 6 and 12 was measured. A subset of 66 children was given further reading tests. METHOD: From a viewing distance of 3m children were required (1) to identify words and (2) to read passages of text rapidly. A repeated measures design was used to compare the effects of different size and spacing of text on performance of the two tasks. RESULTS: Performance improved when the spacing of words and size of letters was greater than is typical in 'Big Books'. For a given letter density, increasing the spacing improved performance more than increasing the letter size. CONCLUSION: The text in children's books could be made easier to read by expanding the spacing between words and also by increasing the size of the print. The maximum viewing distance should be reduced from 15ft (4.6m) to 10ft (3.0m).

Child↗

Gender portrayals in telephone books for gay community versus Pacific-Bell Yellow Pages.

Photographic images (N = 2,700) from three 1997 Pacific-Bell Yellow Pages (n = 1,976) and from three 1996-97 gay, lesbian, and bisexual community telephone books (n = 724) were classified into three groups by visible features (definite male, definite female, and gender nonspecific). The latter were excluded. The proportion of male photographic images was larger in gay community books than in Pacific-Bell telephone books.

Advertising↗

[The Book of the Eparch, by Leo VI: interest for the history of pharmacy].

In 1893, Jules Nicole discovered a greek manuscript, named Genevensis 23, which proved to be the Book of the Eparch. This document contained the regulations for trade guilds in Constantinople, at the end of the IXth century and the beginning of the Xth century. It had been published by Emperor Leo VI, who reigned upon the Byzantine Empire from 886 to 911. Three professions mentioned in this book have some interest for history of pharmacy: wax chandlers, spicers and perfumers. The differences between spicers and perfumers consisted in the kind of products they sold and in the way they weighed these products. Spicers were, at the time, far from pharmacy, because they sold mainly food and no spices, while the perfumers dealt with spices and perfumes. Anyway, none of these professions was involved in preparing medicines. No mention was made of pigmentarioi in the Book of the Eparch and that raised the question of the part really played by these so-called "pigment makers" in the preparation and the dispensation of medicines. The role of physicians remained preeminent in supplying patients with drugs.

Byzantium↗

Instilling the value of reading literature through student-led book discussion groups.

With the desire to instill the value of lifelong reading, nursing faculty and a librarian developed a student-led book discussion group as an innovative teaching strategy for a senior seminar course. Inclusion of the librarian was unique and influenced the shape and rigor of the assignment. In this assignment, students chose one of the faculty-selected books, researched its author(s), read relevant professional book reviews, and developed questions for their peer discussion groups. Student and faculty responses were positive and clearly demonstrated the benefits of this assignment for students' personal development and professional growth.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

[Development and evaluation of a vital signs e-book for undergraduate student nurses].

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop a vital signs e-book for undergraduate student nurses and evaluate the content, system and student satisfaction. METHOD: This study was done in three stages, the development of a vital signs e-book, implementation and evaluation. The subjects were 73 undergraduate student nurses in Y university. RESULT: Thirty one learning objectives were used to create the contents. A set of 5 chapters and 18 subsections were defined after validation from nurse educators. The e-book is available at http://123.134.207.23/ebook/vitalsigns. Analysis of the questionnaires showed a mean score for content, system and students satisfaction of 3.17 +/- .73, 3.11 +/-.79, and 2.96 +/-.74 respectively out of a possible 4 points. CONCLUSION: Nurse educators should provide quality and effective web-based courses that meet undergraduate student nurses' learning needs and they should incorporate web-based learning into traditional teaching to meet the demands of nursing education.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗

Can cancer be cured by meditation and "natural therapy"? A critical review of the book You can conquer cancer by Ian Gawler.

There is a widespread belief that cancer is caused, at least in part, by aberrant mental processes. A corollary of this belief is that cancer may be cured by the application of the mind. These ideas are fostered in Australia by a popular book You can conquer cancer by Ian Gawler, a veterinary surgeon who attributes, at least in part, the development and subsequent cure of his own cancer to such processes. Critical examination of these beliefs finds evidence in their support to be lacking. None the less, many patients with cancer in this country follow the book's advice, often on the basis that it "at least can do no harm". While some patients may be aided to come to terms with their disease and to lead more fulfilling lives by taking up meditation and the positive approach to living that is described in the book, it also contains recommendations about orthodox treatments, life-style and diet which, if adopted uncritically, could be quite detrimental. The potentially harmful effects of accepting such unproved ideas about cancer need to be known more widely. Furthermore, because his ideas are making such an impact on the day-to-day treatment of cancer in this country, Gawler owes it to the community to justify, with evidence, his claims that by meditation patients with cancer may be enabled to achieve a cure of their disease in a way that is unattainable with orthodox medical treatment alone.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

Choose and Book.

Choose and Book combines three major elements of NHS organisational development. Patients are offered increasing choice about where they receive specialist advice, they have more control over the booking of their appointments, and a Choose and Book information technology (IT) application is being implemented to facilitate both these aspects of care. By exploring these three elements, some of the causes of difficulty in clinical implementation and the additional information required to inform choice are identified.

Appointments and Schedules↗

[Direct booking of legal abortions by general practitioners to the surgery department--a pilot study].

In order to facilitate the referral procedure for legal abortion, 26 GPs (34% of all GPs in the region) were given the opportunity to book patients directly to the operating unit, without an outpatient' visit to the gynaecology clinic. Thirty-eight patients booked directly to the operating unit by their GP for a legal abortion were compared to 144 patients referred in the same period of time, in the usual procedure to the outpatients' clinic. The number of legal abortions carried out, reasons for abortions cancelled, problems with the referral procedure and complications were registered. There were no differences between the two groups regarding the percentage of legal abortions carried out, the reasons for cancelled operations, problems with the referral procedure or operative complications. Direct-booking of legal abortion by the GP to the operating unit seems to be a safe and convenient alternative to the referral through a gynaecological outpatients' clinic. Further large scale studies are needed in this new field of communication.

Abortion, Legal↗

[Medical books published in North Korea].

In those days, commercial and cultural exchanges between South Korea and North Korea become more active than before. But in medicine, there has been no activities of exchange and we don't know much about medicine in North Korea. We have some information on medical systems in the North, but we know little about how the medical activities are, what achievements they have made and what kind of medical books have been published. The authors classified 575 books according to their specialties and publishing years and analysed the characteristics and tendencies of medical books publishing in North Korea.

History, 20th Century↗

The Ram's Horn: the commonplace book of Dr. Earle Parkhill Scarlett.

Dr. Earle Scarlett (1896-1982) was "a man for all sasons:" he was a flourishing internist in Calgary, Alta., and a proud, self-confessed "medical truant." One of his greatest accomplishments was his written work; he published over 500 articles in several journals. His passion for books and reading gave rise to his commonplace book, The Ram's Horn. He used this collection of poems, prose, quotations, thoughts, and ideas as a source for his articles, most of which focused on historical and philosophical matters, and were rich in references to literary figures, mythology, and the Bible. The Ram's Horn contains writings that he deemed to be worthwhile and enjoyed reading over again. This book gives insight into the writings and interests of Scarlett, and in his words. "sound[s] a full-blooded compliment to [his] life."

Canada↗

The spreading of six comprehensive medical books of the Ming dynasty to Japan and their influence.

Plenty of medical books were spread to Japan from China in the Ming dynasty. The most influential ones include the six comprehensive books, viz, "Yi Shu Da Quan", "Yu Ji Wei Yi", "Yi Xue Zheng Chuan", "Yi Xue Men", "Wan Bing Hui Chun" and "Nan Bei Jing Yan Yi Fang Da Quan", all spread quite fast. To begin with, they promoted the reprinting of Chinese medical books in Japan in large amount since the 16th century, providing convenient textbooks for Japanese medical teaching. Finally, they help to develop the scholastic thought of "Dao San" in theory and practice. As a result, they also helped to rejuvenate Japanese medicine.

China↗