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PubMedDate not supplied

Serum gastrin in patients with azotemia.

Gastric acid secretion was determined by a pentagastrin test and serum gastrin concentration was determined by radioimmunoassay before and eight times during the first three hours after a test meal in six male azotemic patients and in nine male controls. The mean basal gastric acid secretion was higher, but not significantly so, in the patients than in the controls. The stimulated gastric acid secretion was equal in the two groups. The mean serum gastric concentration was found to be higher in the patient group than in the controls both in the fasting state and after the test meal. The interpretation of the results and the possible relevance of the results in deciding what prophylactic gastro-duodenal operation patients with high ulcer risk should be subjected to prior to kidney transplantation, is discussed.

Fasting↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Gadolinium for DSA in two patients with azotemia: Images of suitable quality and risk of acute renal failure].

BACKGROUND: Gadolinium is an alternative angiographic contrast agent in patients with impaired renal function and high risk for iodinated contrast adverse reaction. We report two cases of acute renal failure caused by gadolinium (0.6 and 0.9 mmol/kg of body weight) after the execution of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) to produce diagnostic-quality images in two elderly diabetic patients with pre-existing renal insufficiency. Both patients needed dialysis treatments for as long as a few weeks until their renal function improved. In our opinion, and according to the guidelines of European Society of Urogenital Radiology, gadolinium has not been assessed as less nephrotoxic than iodinated contrast agents. In fact, 1.8 to 4.8 g of iodine, equally attenuated with a relatively high dose (0.2 to 0.4 mmol) of a gadolinium chelate, is a low iodine dose and could hardly have any important nephrotoxic effects. CONCLUSIONS: The maximum dose of gadolinium-based contrast agents should never exceed 0.2 to 0.4 mmol/kg in azotemic patients who are undergoing DSA, even though these doses of gadolinium may not provide images of suitable quality for diagnosis and intervention.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1990

Intestinal absorption of carnitine in experimental azotemia.

We studied carnitine absorption in rats rendered azotemic by subtotal nephrectomy (RF) and compared the results with those obtained in a sham-operated group on liberal food intake (NL) and those pair-fed (PF) with the RF group. Animals with short-term (2 weeks post-nephrectomy) and long-term (5-6 weeks post-nephrectomy) RF were studied. In vivo recirculating perfusion was used. A significant reduction in carnitine absorption (expressed per unit length) was noted in the short-term RF and PF groups when compared to the NL controls. When the data were corrected for intestine weight, the short-term RF and PF groups showed comparable absorption rates with the NL group. These findings suggest that in animals with short-term RF, weight loss is responsible for the observed alteration in carnitine absorption. Intestinal segments from PF and short-term RF animals had significantly greater carnitine accumulation suggesting decreased release into the circulation. In the long-term RF setting, RF and PF animals demonstrated reduced carnitine absorption. When the data were expressed per unit of weight the absorption rates normalized, implicating reduced intestinal mass as the factor responsible for reduced carnitine absorption. No significant difference was found in the amount of residual carnitine suggesting amelioration of impaired transport out of the enterocyte in chronic RF.

Animals↗