Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Automobile Driving”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

CRT display visibility in automobiles.

Three experiments were carried out into aspects of CRT display in the context of driving automobiles. The first focused on the combination of colours which renders information 'easy-to-read', and determined the relationship between luminance contrast and chromaticity difference. In the second a background luminance which was not dazzling at night was expressed in a chromaticity diagram. In the third the amount of information which can be read 'at-a-glance' was investigated.

Automobiles↗
PubMed1992

Driving performance and automobile accidents in patients with sleep apnea.

Patients with untreated obstructive sleep apnea have poorer driving performance than patients without sleep apnea. This poor driving has been demonstrated by studies on a wide variety of driving simulators. Patients with sleep apnea show a significant improvement in driving performance after successful treatment of their apnea with nasal CPAP. After treatment with CPAP, their driving performance is similar to control subjects. Several studies show that patients with untreated sleep apnea are poor drivers and have two to three times more auto accidents than other drivers. These studies reveal that almost one quarter of these patients report frequently falling asleep while driving. Patients with severe sleep apnea or those who perform poorly on driving simulators may be at highest risk of auto accidents. Automobile accidents involving patients with sleep apnea may lead to severe injury or death. Patients, individual physicians, and the medical profession have responsibilities to help prevent these accidents. Finally, more study is needed to improve patient care, protect drivers, and formulate a fair and rational policy concerning drivers with sleep apnea.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Medical evaluation for driver qualification for patients with cardiovascular disorders.

BACKGROUND: Primary care physicians commonly care for patients whose disabilities caused by cardiovascular diseases result in difficulty driving an automobile. Patients often seek their physician's advice as to whether they can continue to drive safely. METHODS: A MEDLINE literature search was performed from 1966 to 2000, using the query terms "automobile driving" and "automobile driving and cardiac." Selected articles were reviewed, as well as additional articles found through review of the references. In some cases articles were found by searching the Internet using the above key words and new query terms guided by the results of the original search. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The most important factor determining eligibility is whether the patient reports manifestations of cerebral hypoxia. Laboratory procedures are available for patients in whom the decision is difficult. Sometimes a referral to a specialist is needed. Many patients with a known cardiovascular disorder can continue to drive safely. Some conditions require a waiting period before driving can be resumed, while others call for a complete cessation of driving. Several guidelines from the literature are listed that can be helpful to primary care physicians when dealing with questions from their patients on this important topic.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
PubMed1994

[A survey of the improvement of public transportation for the elderly. Reasons for giving up driving by retired automobile workers living in in Kanagawa Prefecture].

In order to improve the adequacy and safety of transportation for elderly people, the reasons for, and the after-effects of stopping driving by elderly people were analyzed. The subjects consisted of 500 car manufacturing retirees, aged 60 years old and over, living in Kanagawa prefecture. Of the 500 people questioned, 298 people (59.6%) responded. Of these 196 currently held licences. In this group, 149 still drove, 9 intended to stop driving soon, and 38 had already stopped. Of the 38 people who had already stopped driving, 7 quit before age 55. These people were omitted from analysis because factors other than aging possibly contributing to their stopping driving. We were interested in the 31 people older than 55 and the 9 people who intended to quit soon. The results were the following: I) The main reasons why they had stopped driving were the following: a) anxiety felt because of decreased driving ability and the feeling to need to walk in order to improve their health; b) the needlessness of driving because of availability of other means of transportation; II) The anxiety from decreased driving ability correlated with difficulty with narrow roads and imparied vision making it difficult to observed road signs; III) The reasons for stopping driving correlated with the effects: the needlessness of driving because of use of other means of transportation correlated with decreased frequency of going out for hobby and group activities. These results show that stopping driving also affects the social activities of the Japanese elderly. It was concluded that we should inform the elderly drivers of the effects of stopping driving as well as improving conditions on roads and comfort in automobiles.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Effective vehicle width in self-paced tracking.

In self-paced tracking tasks, such as driving, the speed is related to the lateral tolerance. This lateral tolerance has been varied in two ways in previous studies by changing the track width for constant vehicle width and vice versa. The current study used both an automobile driving task and a computer/mouse task to show that these two ways of varying lateral tolerance did not produce equivalent results. Subjects behaved as if vehicle width were less important than track width. Speeds and errors both increased as vehicle width increased for a constant lateral tolerance. This could have safety consequences when driving in confined spaces.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The relationship between work history, work environment and low-back pain in men.

Interviews were conducted with 303 men to determine aspects of work history and working environment that are related to low-back pain. Respondents included no pain, moderate pain, and severe pain samples. Data were obtained for 150 variables including task frequencies, weights lifted, lifting postures, type of floor surface, type of chair support, pushing, pulling, and carrying activities, driving vehicles, and attributions of pain occurrence to particular situations. Univariate analyses showed difference among the three pain groups for lifting method, having had lifting instruction, stretching and reaching activities, amount of sitting and twisting in seat, pushing materials of varied weights, and contributions of pain onset. Multivariate regression analyses selected activities from (1) standing and lifting, (2) carrying, pushing, and pulling, (3) sitting, (4) driving vehicles, and (5) using vibrating equipment that jointly explained pain group variance. The significant variables from each domain were used in second-level multiple regressions to explain differences between no pain and pain, and between moderate and severe pain. Computed weights for pulling, lifting method, weight carried, reaching and stretching, chair support, number of times/day in-out of chair, and heavy vibration exposure explained 27% of variance between moderate and severe pain groups. Weights for automobile driving, number of times/day in-out of vehicle, number of lifts/day, maximum weight pulled, sitting with feet on floor, and exposure to heavy vibration explained 23% of the variance between no pain and pain groups.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1993

Late outcome and quality of life following percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in octogenarians.

Limited data are available concerning the long-term survival and quality of life of octogenarians treated with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). We retrospectively compared the results of PTCA in 118 octogenarians to that of 500 younger subjects. Among the octogenarians, long term follow-up was obtained including survival, relief of angina, assessment of quality of life, and capacity for independent living. These results were compared between men and women. The clinical success rate was 93% for the octogenarians and 88% for the younger patients (p = NS). The lesion success rates were 89% and 88% for these groups, respectively. Results of multilesion PTCA and dilatation of coronary occlusions were similar in both age groups. Major complication rates were 5.9% for the elderly and 3.8% for the younger patients (p < .008). Hospital mortality was higher among the octogenarians (4.6% vs 0.2%, p < .05). Among long-term octogenarian survivors, > 90% indicated a high level of satisfaction with their quality of life and health status. If needed, 88% would undergo the procedure again. Independent living was possible for 66% of these patients and automobile driving for 55%. Octogenarian men and women had similar baseline clinical characteristics, procedural success, complications, relief of angina, and survival. Women indicated a slightly lower level of satisfaction and capacity for independent living. PTCA can achieve a success rate in octogenarians comparable to that of younger patients but with an increased risk of serious complications. Patient satisfaction remains high and a majority of octogenarians remain physically active and capable of independent living.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mechanisms of injury and biomechanics: vehicle design and crash performance.

This paper reviews briefly the early evolution of the subject of the biomechanics of impacts. Some examples of rule-making of vehicle crash performance are cited to illustrate the need for evaluation of all design changes and regulations in the real world of crashes and injuries. Some background data on the relative frequencies of casualties and types of collisions are given to establish overall priorities. Mechanisms of injuries in frontal collisions for unrestrained and restrained occupants are described to illustrate the relationships between interior localized contacts and injuries to the lower limbs, the chest, and the head. Kinematics of occupants in angled, lateral, and rear collisions are reviewed together with the related injury mechanisms, and rollover crashes with and without seat belt use are mentioned. Motorcyclist and pedestrian kinematics and some of the desirable characteristics of the vehicle exterior are described together with the unfortunate consequences of the current bumper standards. In summary the paper aims to be a general review of crash kinematics and general mechanisms of injury.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2003

[Daytime running light: pros and cons].

Daytime running light (DRL) has been in use for many decades in various countries world-wide. Experience is present from the Scandinavian countries, from Canada and the United States. DRL reduces traffic accidents tremendously and encompasses all participants in road traffic, especially the non-motorized pedestrians and cyclists. Physiological-optical considerations, the technical realisation of DRL and accident statistics will be discussed.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2002

Visuovestibular perception of self-motion modeled as a dynamic optimization process.

This article describes a computational model for the sensory perception of self-motion, considered as a compromise between sensory information and physical coherence constraints. This compromise is realized by a dynamic optimization process minimizing a set of cost functions. Measure constraints are expressed as quadratic errors between motion estimates and corresponding sensory signals, using internal models of sensor transfer functions. Coherence constraints are expressed as quadratic errors between motion estimates, and their prediction is based on internal models of the physical laws governing the corresponding physical stimuli. This general scheme leads to a straightforward representation of fundamental sensory interactions (fusion of visual and canal rotational inputs, identification of the gravity component from the otolithic input, otolithic contribution to the perception of rotations, and influence of vection on the subjective vertical). The model is tuned and assessed using a range of well-known psychophysical results, including off-vertical axis rotations and centrifuge experiments. The ability of the model to predict and help analyze new situations is illustrated by a study of the vestibular contributions to self-motion perception during automobile driving and during acceleration cueing in driving simulators. The extendable structure of the model allows for further developments and applications, by using other cost functions representing additional sensory interactions.

Acceleration↗
PubMed1985

Accident involvement and injury rates for small cars in Japan.

A comparison of recent U.S. and Japanese small car accident and injury statistics indicates that the two countries have had dramatically differing experience with such cars. In Japan, for the years 1980, 1981, and 1982, while such cars are involved in more accidents per vehicle or per vehicle kilometer traveled than larger cars, there is a lower likelihood of a fatality if an accident occurs. The lower fatality conditional likelihood more than offsets the higher chance of an accident in 1981 and 1982, resulting in small cars having lower fatality rates per unit of exposure than larger vehicles in those years. The difference is tentatively attributed to the direct and indirect impact of the lower speed limits (80 vs 100 kmh) for such cars in Japan, as well as the greater caution drivers of such vehicles exhibit, as evidenced by the fact that small car drivers cause a significantly lower percent of the accidents they are involved in than larger cars.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1986

Seat belt usage rates: a test of Peltzman's hypothesis.

Despite the universally accepted belief that the use of seat belts would have a significant impact upon the number of vehicular fatalities, current evidence indicates that relatively few drivers employ their seat belts. Various hypotheses have been offered to explain this phenomenon, many of which conclude that a driver's decision to use a seat belt is independent of the risk experienced in his trip making. This paper develops an economic model which focuses upon the relationship between driver use of seat belts and the travel conditions under which trips are made. Using data obtained from a national survey of households, a binary logit model is developed to test the hypothesis that seat belt usage is influenced by the level of risk experienced in one's trip making. The estimation results were consistent with the underlying hypothesis that individuals travelling in more risky environments are more likely to use their seat belts. The econometric results are then employed to examine various policy issues, including the predicted use of seat belts for population sub-groups, driver response to the introduction of a small urban car, and the impact upon the probability of a fatality resulting from vehicle fleet downsizing.

Accidents, Traffic↗