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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Gingival tissue inflammatory response following treatment with chemical retraction agents in Beagle dogs.

A normal finding of a clinically healthy gingiva is minimal inflammatory infiltration of subepithelial connective tissue which increases after exposure of gingiva to retraction agents. The study investigates and compares the inflammatory potential of four retraction agents on the gingival connective tissue. The gingiva of Beaagle dogs was exposed for 10 minutes to chemical agents. Byopsies were taken one hour, 24 hours and 7 days after treatment. Morphometric analysis of treated and control gingiva was performed on parasagittal tissue sections to compare the gingival tissue inflammatory potential of four retraction chemicals. Retraction agents produced no significant effect on connective tissue under the junctional epithelium. On the other hand the connective tissue under sulcular epithelium exhibits extensive inflammatory infiltration. The most aggressive retraction agent being Racestyptine and the least Visine, which therefore could be recommended for clinical practice.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1996

Secretagogue-induced apocrine secretion in the Harderian gland of the rat.

Harderian glands of male albino rats were stimulated with secretagogues and examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy for the purpose of studying the apocrine secretory mechanism. Rats in the control group were perfused with standard HEPES-buffered Ringer's solution. Their glandular endpieces showed wide lumina that contained few secretory materials; spontaneous exocytosis was sometimes observed. However, there were no features suggestive of an apocrine secretory mechanism or myoepithelial cell contractions. After stimulation with NaF+AlCl3 or carbachol in HEPES-buffered Ringer's solution, the rats shed "bloody tears" and the glandular lumina were jammed with apical protrusions, cytoplasmic material and secretory products. The basal surface of the glandular cells showed bulging caused by myoepithelial cell contraction. Perfusion with HEPES-buffered Ringer's solution containing papaverine inhibited secretagogue-induced myoepithelial cell contraction but not the enhanced secretory activities of the glandular cells. The present results demonstrate that the Harderian gland of the rat can release secretory material not only by exocytosis, but also by an apocrine mechanism under stimulating conditions, and that myoepithelial cell contraction may not be involved in causing apical protrusion in the glandular cells.

Aluminum Chloride↗
PubMed2006

The role of zinc sulfate and metallothionein in protection against ethanol-induced gastric damage in rats.

In this study, the effects of zinc sulfate against ethanol-induced acute gastric damage in rats were investigated, morphologically and biochemically. In addition, the present investigation has demonstrated the distribution of metallothionein stimulated by zinc in gastric mucosal tissues, immunohistochemically. The gastric damage was induced by intragastric administration of 1 ml absolute ethanol per rat. Rats received zinc sulfate (100 mg/kg/day) for 3 consecutive days 2 hr prior to the administration of absolute ethanol. Acute ethanol exposure caused degenerative morphological changes, a decrease in metallothionein immunreactivity; an increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels, and a decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in gastric mucosa. On the other hand, zinc sulfate administration to ethanol-treated rats caused a significant reduction in the histological damage, an increase in metallothionein immunreactivity, a decrease in LPO levels, and an increase in GSH levels in gastric mucosa. As a result, the present study indicates that zinc sulfate has a protective effect against ethanol-induced acute gastric damage. In addition, we might say that the zinc given as exogenous protection against acute gastric damage has a protective effect both by stimulation of metallothionein synthesis and through GSH as well as having antioxidative potential.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Inhibition of polymerization of polyvinyl siloxanes by medicaments used on gingival retraction cords.

Inhibition of polymerization of polyvinyl siloxane materials by latex products is well documented. It is thought to be caused by contamination of the chloroplatinic acid catalyst by sulfur compounds. Many medicaments, such as aluminum sulfate and ferric sulfate, used on gingival retraction cords have been accused of causing inhibition of set of polyvinyl siloxane materials. Several of these medicaments were tested with two polyvinyl siloxanes and found not to cause any inhibition of set.

Alum Compounds↗
PubMed1993

Review of the pH of hemostatic agents used in tissue displacement.

Newer hemostatic agents such as the tetrahydrozolines and oxymetazolines have a more acceptable pH and should be kinder to tooth structure and soft tissue than the conventional solutions. Although additional study is needed, it would seem prudent to be cautious in using low pH hemostatic agents and avoid the exposure to sensitive intraoral tissues-particularly delicate tissues--or tooth preparation close to the dental pulp.

Alum Compounds↗
PubMed1995

Effects of an antiperspirant with emollients on foot-sweat accumulation and blister formation while walking in the heat.

BACKGROUND: Friction blisters are a common injury in sports activities and military operations. Blisters can compromise performance, so it is important to devise preventive strategies to reduce these injuries. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the influence of an antiperspirant with emollient additives on frequency and severity of friction blisters, hot spots, and irritant dermatitis. METHODS: Twenty-three healthy men walked on a treadmill (1.39 m/sec, 1% grade) in a warm environment (28 degrees C, 25% relative humidity) carrying a total mass of 21 +/- 1 kg. For 4 consecutive days before the walk, the subjects' feet were treated with either (1) an antiperspirant (20% aluminum zirconium tetrachlorohydrex glycine concentration plus water) with emollient additives, (2) emollient additives alone (placebo control), or (3) nothing (nontreated). In two separate trials (1 month apart) each participant received the antiperspirant treatment and both control treatments (emollient [placebo] and no treatment). RESULTS: No differences were seen among treatment conditions for sweat accumulation (p = 0.86), blister incidence (p = 0.36), hot spot incidence (p = 0.83), or blister severity (p = 0.31). Irritant dermatitis was not reported in any of the treatment conditions. CONCLUSION: The use of an antiperspirant with emollients reduces irritant dermatitis but does not reduce total foot-sweat accumulation, blister or hot spot incidence, or blister severity.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The effects of antiperspirant on the perineal skin flora of patients with spinal cord injury.

The relationship of pH and moisture to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae colonization of the perineal skin was studied in male patients with spinal cord injury. The increased pH of the perineal skin was significantly associated with the presence of P. aeruginosa but not other bacterial species. No correlation between colonization and moisture or pH and moisture was found. An antiperspirant produced a significant reduction in the number of total aerobic bacteria, total gram-negative bacilli, P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae over a 24-h period. Long-term use of the antiperspirant for 10 days did not alter the persistence of P. aeruginosa of the same serotypes on the perineum.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Inhibitory effects of tannin on human salivary alpha-amylase.

Here, we first report on the effectiveness and specificity of tannin inhibition of 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl-4-O-beta-d-galactopyranosylmaltoside hydrolysis that is catalyzed by human salivary alpha-amylase (HSA). Tannin was gallotannin in which quinic acid was esterified with 2-7 units of gallic acid. A number of studies establish that polyphenols-like tannins-may prevent oral diseases, e.g., dental caries. Kinetic analyses confirmed that the inhibition of hydrolysis is a mixed non-competitive type and only one molecule of tannin binds to the active site or the secondary site of the enzyme. Since Dixon plots were linear, product formation could be excluded from the enzyme-substrate-inhibitor complex (ESI). Kinetic constants calculated from secondary plots and non-linear regression are almost identical, thereby confirming the suggested model. Kinetic constants (K(EI) = 9.03 microgmL(-1), K(ESI) = 47.84 microgmL(-1)) show that tannin is as an effective inhibitor of HSA as acarbose and indicate a higher stability for the enzyme-inhibitor complex than ESI.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed2004

Current concepts in gingival displacement.

Gingival displacement is an important procedure with fabricating indirect restorations. Gingival displacement is relatively simple and effective when dealing with healthy gingival tissues and when margins are properly placed a short distance into the sulcus. Several techniques have proven to be relatively predictable, safe,and efficacious. No scientific evidence has established the superiority of one technique over the others, so the choice of technique depends on the presenting clinical situation and operator preference.

Astringents↗
PubMed2006

Up-regulation by zinc of FGF-2-induced VEGF release through enhancing p44/p42 MAP kinase activation in osteoblasts.

We previously reported that basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) activates stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) and p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase resulting in the stimulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) release in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. In the present study, we investigated whether zinc affects the VEGF release by FGF-2 in MC3T3-E1 cells. The FGF-2-induced VEGF release was significantly enhanced by ZnSO(4) but not Na(2)SO(4). The enhancing effect of ZnSO(4) was dose-dependent between 1 and 100 muM. ZnSO(4) markedly enhanced the FGF-2-induced phosphorylation of p44/p42 MAP kinase while having little effect on the SAPK/JNK phosphorylation. PD98059 significantly reduced the amplification by ZnSO(4) of the FGF-2-stimulated VEGF release. Taken together, our findings strongly suggest that zinc enhances FGF-2-stimulated VEGF release resulting from up-regulating activation of p44/p42 MAP kinase in osteoblasts.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Onycholysis with hyponychium exudate secondary to chemotherapy with paclitaxel and capecitabine].

A 39-year-old female patient who consulted due to onycholysis, subungual hyperkeratosis and presence of exudate in the big toe of the right foot. The lesions appeared during oncology treatment of bilateral breast cancer with lymphatic metastases with paclitaxel every three weeks and capecitabine daily. Clinical manifestations are due to the involvement of the nail bed caused by the chemotherapy. These should be known and taken into account due to the increased use of this type of cytotoxic agents.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

A randomized trial of zinc nasal spray for the treatment of upper respiratory illness in adults.

PURPOSE: We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of 0.12% zinc sulfate nasal spray for reducing the duration and severity of acute upper respiratory infections. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Patients with acute onset of upper respiratory illness of less than 24 hours' duration were eligible for the study. A nasopharyngeal swab was obtained at the time of enrollment for viral culture. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either 0.12% zinc sulfate or isotonic placebo spray. The medication was administered as two inhalations in each nostril four times a day. Each patient completed a diary card twice a day to record oral temperature, symptoms, and adverse effects. Symptoms were scored as absent (0), mild (1), moderate (2), or severe (3). RESULTS: One hundred eighty-five subjects volunteered to participate, and 160 met the criteria for enrollment. The median duration of all symptoms was 7 days in both groups (P = 0.45), and the median duration of nasal symptoms was 6 days in both groups (P= 0.12). After adjustment for baseline differences in severity, patients receiving zinc had a significant reduction in the total symptom score (P= 0.02) and the nasal symptom score (P= 0.02) on day 1, but not on any of the other days. Adverse effects were mild and had no significant association with the use of zinc. A respiratory virus was identified in 9 of the 160 participants; 6 of these were rhinovirus. CONCLUSION: A low concentration of zinc sulfate nasal spray had no effect on the duration of the common cold.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2001

Vasopressin reverses aluminum-induced impairment of synaptic plasticity in the rat dentate gyrus in vivo.

Aluminum (Al), an important neurotoxin, contributes to a variety of cognitive dysfunction and mental diseases. Previous studies have demonstrated that Al impairs hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, both LTP and LTD (long-term depression) were recorded in the same animal to investigate the Al-induced impairment of synaptic plasticity. Another aim of the present research was to verify whether the impairment of synaptic plasticity induced by Al could be reversed by vasopressin (VP) treatment. Neonatal Wistar rats were exposed to Al from parturition through adulthood (pre- and post-weaning) by the drinking of 0.3% aluminum chloride (AlCl(3)) solution. The input-output (I/O) function, paired-pulse reaction (PPR), excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) and population spike (PS) amplitude were measured in the dentate gyrus (DG) of adult rats (60-90 days) in response to stimulation applied to the lateral perforant path. The results showed: (1) Al reduced the amplitudes of both EPSP LTP (control: 132+/-7%, n=7; Al-exposed: 115+/-10%, n=8, P<0.05) and PS LTP (control: 242+/-18%, n=7; Al-exposed: 136+/-7%, n=8, P<0.01) significantly. The amplitudes of EPSP LTD (control: 82+/-6%, n=7; Al-exposed: 92+/-7%, n=8, P<0.05) and PS LTD (control: 81+/-4%, n=7; Al-exposed: 98+/-5%, n=8, P<0.05) were also decreased by Al treatment. The Al-induced impairments of PS LTP and PS LTD were more serious than that of EPSP LTP and EPSP LTD. (2) In control rats, VP had an increase in the PS LTP amplitude (control: 242+/-18%, n=7; control+VP: 358+/-23%, n=6, P<0.01), while it had no significant effects on PS LTD (control: 81+/-4%, n=7; control+VP: 76+/-7%, n=6, P>0.05). (3) In Al-exposed rats, VP had a significant increase in the amplitudes of both PS LTP (Al-exposed: 136+/-7%, n=8, Al-exposed+VP: 255+/-16%, n=6, P<0.01) and PS LTD (Al-exposed: 98+/-5%, n=8; Al-exposed+VP: 81+/-6%, n=6, P<0.05). After the application of VP, the range of synaptic plasticity (PS LTP+PS LTD) in Al-exposed rats increased from 38% to 174%, which surpassed that in control rats (161%). It was suggested that VP could reverse Al-induced impairment of synaptic plasticity and might be an effective medicine to cure Al-induced neurological disorders.

Aluminum Chloride↗