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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Children Helicobacter pylori infection: antibiogram results].

UNLABELLED: Helicobacter pylori infection is frequent in children. The eradication rate is variable, it is influenced by resistance of the bacteria to the antibiotics used. The aim of this study was to determine the resistance rate of the most commonly used antibiotics among helicobacter pylori (Hp) strains isolated in infected children. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 60 children (26 males, 34 females), with mean age of 8 years 8 months (3 years and 2 month (2.5-13.5 years) underwent an oesogastroscopy. Forty six of them had helicobacter infection assessed by the presence of Hp on the gastric biopsy and or positivity of urease test. The infected children were treated with three medication; Omeprazole. Clarythromycin, and Amoxicillin. The eradication of Hp was confirmed in 13 patients by the absence of Hp on the gastric biopsy and/or negativation of the urease test; RESULTS: Culture was positive in 13 infected children susceptibility to anti microbial drugs was done in ten children. Nine children had primary metronidazole resistance, three had both clarythromycin and Metronidazole resistance, three had Clarythromycin primary resistance. No case of Amoxicillin primary resistance was detected. Children eradication was achieved in four children among 13 children. This study shows the difficulty of Hp culture. It confirms the absence of Hp resistance to Amoxicilline. the high level of Hp resistance to Metronidazole and the mild level of Clarythromycin resistance. The authors stress the importance of Antibiotic susceptibility assay in helicobacter pylori infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Melioidosis: epidemiology and antibiogram of cases in Singapore.

There has been an increased incidence of melioidosis in Singapore. The disease affects mainly males, older patients and a disproportionately higher number of Indians and Malays. Possible predisposing illness include diabetes mellitus. Most patients are bacteraemic. Mortality rate is 72% for bacteraemic patients, as compared to 32% for non-bacteraemic patients. Local strains of Pseudomonas pseudomallei have been consistently sensitive to ceftazidime, chloramphenicol and piperacillin, and nearly always sensitive to tetracycline.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Antibiograms of pathogenic bacteria isolated from laboratory animals.

Study of antibiotic sensitivity patterns of 178 bacterial isolants from laboratory animals revealed that these bacteria in general were sensitive to many commonly used antibiotics; however, there were notable exceptions. This report presents current antibiotic sensitivity patterns of most gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial pathogens common to laboratory animals.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1989

Bacteriology of pyodermas and antibiograms of pathogens.

One hundred and seventy six cases of various clinical types of pyodermas were investigated to find the causative organism of the disease. Folliculitis formed the largest clinical group followed by infectious eczematoid dermatitis, secondary infection, furuncles, impetigo, ecthyma and carbuncle in descending order of frequency. A total of 189 micro-organisms were isolated from the specimens examined. A single infecting organism was isolated from 74.43% and more than one type of organism from 16.48% of cases. Coagulase positive staphylococcus (73.02%) was the predominant species followed by beta-haemolytic streptococcus (26.98%). Coagulase positive staphylococcus was isolated from 109 (61.93%), beta-haemolytic streptococcus from 22 (12.5%) and both these organisms from 29 (16.48%) cases. The antibiotic resistance pattern showed maximum resistance to penicillin followed by ampicillin. None of the strain was found to be resistant to kanamycin. Low percentage of strains were found to be resistant to streptomycin, oxytetracycline, trimethoprim, cloxacillin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, cephalexin, gentamycin and neomycin.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1987

[Computerized instrumentation in bacteriology. Application to the reading of antibiograms performed by the disk method].

Antibiotic sensitivity tests are often carried out by the disk method. We are presenting independent computerized system built around a microcomputer allowing a semi automatic input of the inhibitory diameters, thanks either to a mechanical calliper or, when an enlarger is used, with the help of a setting stick connected to the computer. The software allows the processing results.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed1988

[An expert system as an aid to the validation of results of the antibiogram. Feasibility study based on the example of Staphylococcus aureus].

A model of expert system using Prolog language was developed, to verify the coherence of the results of the antibiotic sensitivity test. Biological knowledge was formalized in three different ways: a credibility coefficient based on epidemiological data is assigned to known observed resistance; co-existent resistances are described with lists of "implicit" resistances, reflecting phenotypes commonly observed within some antibiotic groups; every single or "implicit" resistance is connected to a "gregarius" status, expressing the plasmidic nature of resistance. Applied to Staphylococcus aureus, the expert system is able to detect the inconsistencies of the antibiotic sensitivity test and to identify required knowledges. It therefore allows phenotypic interpretation of results.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1988

[Value of bead-type cassettes for antibiograms of Streptococci in Autobac units].

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Streptococci in automated units (Autobac) is not always satisfactory: aggregates formed spontaneously by Streptococci in the medium used can reduce the reliability of tests by interfering with correct reading, and, in many cases, bacterial growth is very slow, necessitating long periods for analysis (up to 6 hours). Owing to the fact that use of "bead type" cassettes for antifungal susceptibility testing in the Autobac improved results, and in particular prevented the formation of aggregates, we decided to adopt the same system for tests of streptococci. Each compartment in these cassettes contains glass microbeads which prevent aggregate formation thanks to an agitation mechanism. Rapid sedimentation of these beads allows normal reading with the Autobac. A comparative study of 66 strains of streptococci with various antibiotics was performed. Three techniques were used: classical diffusion technique, susceptibility testing with the standard cassette in the Autobac, and test with the bead type cassette in the Autobac. Parameters evaluated included the effective duration of each test, and comparison of the results (Autobac with and without beads, diffusion method). Results are detailed and discussed.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1988

[Resistance of nongroupable streptococci to beta-lactams. Detection by antibiogram and the activity of combinations of penicillin G and gentamicin].

Expression of disk-diffusion method of the activity of penicillin G against 68 strains of ungroupable streptococci susceptible to this drug (MIC less than or equal to 0.12 mg/l), 30 strains with a reduced susceptibility ("s") (0.25 mg/l less than or equal to MIC less than or equal to 1 mg/l), and 16 resistant (R) (MIC greater than or equal to 2 mg/l) has been studied. Generally, the R strains exhibited reduced inhibition zone diameters around the penicillin G disks but were best screened with an oxacillin disk (5 micrograms) as it has been proposed for the pneumococci. The study of the relations between the MICs of penicillin G and zone diameters obtained with oxacillin disks showed that the strains with oxacillin zones of less than 21 mm were R or "s". The strains with oxacillin zones less than 26 mm should be tested for sensitivity to penicillin by measurement of MIC. The resistance was crossed towards amoxicillin, cefotaxime, and at a lower degree imipenem. However, the routine test of amoxicillin and cefotaxime did not allow the detection of the resistance to these drugs. Amoxicillin and cefotaxime might not be tested by disk-diffusion method because of the cross resistance to penicillin G. Combinations of penicillin G with gentamicin resulted in bactericidal effects in 6 h or less for 6 of 7 strains tested.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1987

[A statistical model for interpreting the antibiogram].

Up to now, to interpret antibiotic susceptibility tests, the common practice has been to use: first, breakpoints without any quantitative justification, secondly, concordance curves between the different measurement techniques; these are not well adapted to the heterogeneous character of bacterial populations. We hereby propose another method: it is based on a global data analysis for each bacterial species, each antibiotic family and each measurement technique. So, we have drawn up a new model for the interpretation, both global and data-processed; it is based on qualifying classes, which are obtained and interpreted by hierarchical ascendent classification, principal components analysis, and comparison with pharmacological data. It can be used by any biologist. What is more, justified breakpoints with a numerical risk and quality control are defined. There are also some additional uses: evaluation of the effect of new antibiotics, standardization of new measurement techniques, detection of the emergence of new bacterial resistance in patients, guidance for research into unknown resistance mechanisms and characters.

Computers↗