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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

The clinical significance of coronary angioscopy in patients with coronary heart disease.

The feasibility and safety of coronary endoscopy was evaluated in three sets of investigations: in 7 cadaver hearts, in 11 patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery, and in 30 patients during routine cardiac catheterization prior to coronary balloon angioplasty (PTCA). In three of the seven cadaver hearts the lumen of the arteries appeared normal. In three diffuse atherosclerotic lesions, and in one, a high-grade, tight stenosis were observed. In nine of eleven patients in the operation room, the lesions of interest could be visualized, and high-grade stenoses were found in all. In addition, in three patients with unstable angina pectoris, fresh thrombi were seen at the site of stenosis. In six of the nine patients, the periphery of the native coronary vessel was found to have no further stenotic regions. During cardiac catheterization in 17/30 patients, the lesion of interest could be examined angioscopically, and in 13 instances the stenosis appeared excentric and irregularly shaped. In three instances, multiple ulcerations were seen in the stenotic area. In two of the five patients, intimal ruptures were found following PTCA, which could not be documented angiographically. Coronary endoscopy provides valuable additional information on the nature and appearance of atherosclerotic lesions. It can be performed clinically without great harm to the patients. Despite some limitations, it will probably become a routine diagnostic tool in patients undergoing routine coronary angiography, balloon angioplasty or high-frequency angioplasty, and coronary bypass grafting.

Angioplasty, Balloon↗
PubMed1990

Nd:YAG laser irradiation to intraluminal mass lesions of the superior vena cava under laser balloon angioscopy in an experimental canine model.

A laser balloon angioscopic procedure was developed in a canine model for intraluminal mass lesions in the superior vena cava, using an endoscope bearing a very thin balloon through which Nd:YAG laser could penetrate. The balloon was made from artificially modified natural latex rubber and well expanded with saline infused through a biopsy channel. The endoscopic image of the object obtained through direct contact of the balloon expanded with saline was clear enough to observe the internal surface or branches in not only normal, but also pathological conditions of the canine SVC. The Nd:YAG laser was able to be successfully irradiated through the balloon using this procedure which, although still in its preliminary stage, may be a useful clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic tool of the future.

Angioplasty, Balloon↗
PubMed2005

Automatic navigation path generation based on two-phase adaptive region-growing algorithm for virtual angioscopy.

In this paper, we propose a fast and automated navigation path generation algorithm to visualize inside of carotid artery using MR angiography images. The carotid artery is one of the body regions not accessible by real optical probe but can be visualized with virtual endoscopy. By applying two-phase adaptive region-growing algorithm, the carotid artery segmentation is started at the initial seed, which is located on the initially thresholded binary image. This segmentation algorithm automatically detects the branch position with stack feature. Combining with a priori knowledge of anatomic structure of carotid artery, the detected branch position is used to separate the carotid artery into internal carotid artery and external carotid artery. A fly-through path is determined to automatically move the virtual camera based on the intersecting coordinates of two bisectors on the circumscribed quadrangle of segmented carotid artery. In consideration of the interactive rendering speed and the usability of standard graphic hardware, endoscopic view of carotid artery is generated by using surface rendering algorithm with perspective projection method. In addition, the endoscopic view is provided with ray casting algorithm for off-line navigation of carotid artery. Experiments have been conducted on both mathematical phantom and clinical data sets. This algorithm is more effective than key-framing and topological thinning method in terms of automated features and computing time. This algorithm is also applicable to generate the centerline of renal artery, coronary artery, and airway tree which has tree-like cylinder shape of organ structures in the medical imagery.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1992

Angioscopy.

Endoscopy of the vascular system has evolved over recent years from an experimental procedure to a sophisticated diagnostic and therapeutic technique for surgical or percutaneous interventions of the peripheral vascular system. Particularly in procedures involving remote instrumentation of arteries, the angioscope provides a method of controlled guidance and a monitor of the effects of the various instruments on the vessel wall and allows immediate assessment of results. Angioscopic examination reveals the extent of intimal injury after angioplasty, in situ vein preparation, trauma, and thrombectomy and gives insights into the mechanisms and effects of endovascular devices.

Aged↗