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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Confocal optical sectioning and three-dimensional reconstruction of carcinoma fragments in Pap smears using sophisticated image data processing.

Carcinoma fragments found in Pap smears contain important diagnostic information not available to the light microscopist because of their thickness and consequent blurring. Optical sectioning by the confocal microscope allows us to reclaim the mitotic figures, glandular architecture, and abnormal chromatin patterns in the restained original smears. The high spatial resolution of the confocal microscope can be further exploited by processing the digital images with the sophisticated Application Visualization System (AVS) on a CONVEX computer. Serial sections in which the fluorescent signals are color coded by this software package and three-dimensional reconstructions of the nuclei and mitotic figures expand our knowledge of these malignant epithelial fragments.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Point mutation of K-ras gene codon 12 in biliary tract tumors.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Point mutations of the K-ras gene have been reported in a wide variety of human tumors. However, there might be conflicting data about its presence or incidence in biliary tract tumors. The aim of this study is to elucidate the presence and types of point mutation in biliary tract tumors, including gallbladder carcinoma and adenoma, extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma, and ampullary carcinoma. METHODS: Mutation bands detected in modified two-step polymerase chain reaction were eluted from agarose gel and analyzed by dideoxy sequencing method. RESULTS: Of 20 biliary tract tumors showing a mutation band, G to A single base substitutions were confirmed in 15 cases as the most frequent changes, which were divided into changes for aspartic acid (GAT) and (14) serine (AGT) (1). Changes for valine (GTT) were found in two cases. In extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma, duplicate mutations (GA/TT) were found in two cases and triplicate mutation (A/GA/TT) in one case. The adenoma portion of one "cancer in adenoma" case of gallbladder showed the single base transition (GAT) in the second position, same as in the carcinoma portion. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the biliary tract tumors comprised point mutation in K-ras gene codon 12, and G to A transition was the most frequent.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1995

Testosterone metabolism in primary cultures of human prostate epithelial cells and fibroblasts.

We compare testosterone (T) metabolism in primary cultures of epithelial cells and fibroblasts separated from benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH) and prostate cancer tissues. In all cultures, androstenedione (delta 4) formed by oxidation of T by 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17 beta-HSD) represented 80% of the metabolites recovered. The amounts of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), formed by reduction of T by 5 alpha-reductase (5 alpha-R), were small: 5 and 2% (BPH) and 8 and 15% (adenocarcinoma) for epithelial cells and fibroblasts, respectively. Northern blot analysis of total RNA from epithelial cells (BPH or adenocarcinoma) attributed the reductive activity to the 5 alpha-reductase type 1 isozyme and oxidative activity to the 17 beta-HSD type 2. In cancer fibroblasts, only little 17 beta-HSD type 2 mRNA was detected. The 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors, 4-MA (17 beta-(N,N-diethyl)carbamoyl-4-methyl-4-aza-5 alpha-androstan-3-one) and finasteride, inhibited DHT formation with a preferential action of 4-MA on epithelial cells (BPH or adenocarcinoma) and of finasteride on fibroblasts from adenocarcinoma. Neither inhibitor acted on delta 4 formation. On the other hand, the lipido-sterol extract of Serenoa repens (LSESr, Permixon) inhibited the formation of all the T metabolites studied [IC50 S = 40 and 200 micrograms/ml (BPH) and 90 and 70 micrograms/ml (adenocarcinoma) in epithelial cells and fibroblasts, respectively]. These results have important therapeutic implications when selecting appropriate treatment options for BPH.

17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed2003

[Pulmonary embolism to the rescue in cardiac tamponade].

The association of cardiac tamponade and pulmonary embolism has not previously been described. We report the case of a patient, who presented with such an association, due to an underlying pulmonary carcinoma. When a major pericardial effusion is associated with pulmonary hypertension, some echocardiographic signs of tamponade may appear, such as a moderate right ventricular collapse, or the absence of a paradoxical septum. The presence of pulmonary hypertension in this context of tamponade may have paradoxically saved the life of this patient.

Adenosarcoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diagnosis of malignant mesenchymal uterine tumors by hysteroscopic excisional biopsy.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To emphasize the need for histologic evaluation of intrauterine lesions. Six cases of unexpected mesenchymal uterine tumors were diagnosed following pathologic review of specimens obtained during hysteroscopy to evaluate intrauterine lesions. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review (Canadian Task Force classification II-3). SETTING: Large tertiary care medical center. PATIENTS: Four postmenopausal and two perimenopausal women with uterine mesenchymal tumors. INTERVENTION: Hysteroscopy and staging laparotomy. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Mean age of the patients was 57.5 +/- 19.5 years (mean +/- 2SD). Four women (67%) were postmenopausal. Three patients had abnormal uterine bleeding, one had a cervical mass, and the other two were asymptomatic and referred for evaluation of thick endometrium detected by routine ultrasound, which had been preformed as part of their annual check-up. In all cases, the initial hysteroscopic diagnosis was endometrial polyp or submucous myoma. Following the pathologic review, all six women underwent complete staging laparotomy. In two women, there was no residual disease in the surgical specimen. None of the patients had extrauterine spread of the disease. At mean follow-up of 21.5 +/- 9.7 months (mean +/- 2SD), all women were asymptomatic. CONCLUSIONS: Intrauterine lesions erroneously considered to be benign endometrial polyps or myomas can turn out to be malignant mesenchymal uterine tumors. Hysteroscopic evaluation and biopsy might offer early diagnosis and treatment to these patients.

Adenosarcoma↗
PubMed2002

Ovarian mass--benign or malignant?

Ovarian cancer strikes 23,000 American women every year, accounting for 52% of all gynecological cancer deaths. The death of comedienne Gilda Radner from ovarian cancer in 1991 brought the disease to the forefront for the American public. Unfortunately, since that time, there has been an absence of publicity about this dreadful disease. Seventy-five percent of ovarian cancers are not diagnosed until the cancer has advanced to stage III or IV for several reasons. Clinical guidelines for the diagnostic screening of ovarian cancer have not been developed, which markedly hinders the diagnosis of ovarian cancer until it is in later stages. The tumor marker CA-125 is not specific and, therefore, is an inadequate screening tool. This article discusses the epidemiology of ovarian cancer, the components of diagnostic screening, and treatment options. Nursing care of the patient undergoing surgical treatment for ovarian cancer also is discussed.

Adenosarcoma↗
PubMed2003

Using intraoperative radiation therapy--a case study.

The introduction of a mobile linear accelerator in the OR has made intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) more plausible. An IORT treatment can deliver a single high dose of radiation to a tumor or tumor bed after surgical resection or surgical exposure of high risk areas. This article details a case study in which IORT was used on a patient with sigmoid carcinoma and the procedure outcomes.

Adenosarcoma↗
PubMed1994

Prognostic value of flow cytometric deoxyribonucleic acid index in endometrial carcinoma: comparison with other clinical-pathologic parameters.

OBJECTIVE: The aims of the current study were to verify the impact of flow cytometric deoxyribonucleic acid index on clinical outcome in endometrial carcinoma and to assess whether its value is independent from the other clinical-pathologic features. STUDY DESIGN: In a prospective series 74 cases of endometrial carcinoma with surgery performed at our institution were studied. Flow cytometry was performed on fresh tumor samples. The median follow-up period was 31 months (range 8 to 52). Disease-free survival and actuarial survival were the end points of the study. RESULTS: Among the 74 patients (53 with diploid and 21 with aneuploid tumors) there were 14 recurrences and 10 deaths caused by the disease. The recurrence rate was 7.5% for the diploid and 47.6% for the aneuploid tumors (p < 0.001). Mortality was 3.8% for diploid and 38% for aneuploid cases (p < 0.001). Disease-free survival was 89.1% in the former group and 36.3% in the latter. Actuarial survival (Kaplan-Meier method) was 94.7% and 49.5%, respectively. Deoxyribonucleic acid index, stage (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics), and grade of differentiation were significantly correlated with survival, whereas age, depth of myometrial invasion, and histologic type were not. In a multivariate analysis (Cox proportional hazards) deoxyribonucleic acid index was the strongest independent predictor of clinical outcome, followed by International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, whereas grade of differentiation yielded no independent prognostic information. CONCLUSIONS: The flow cytometric deoxyribonucleic acid index is an important independent prognosticator, and its determination should be included in the standard management of endometrial cancer.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1997

Antitumor mechanisms of attenuated Salmonella typhimurium containing the gene for human interleukin-2: a novel antitumor agent?

Currently, there is no long-term effective treatment for unresectable hepatic malignancies. Salmonella species are known to naturally track to the liver during active infection. To develop a biological vector for delivery of interleukin-2 (IL-2) to the liver for antitumor purposes, the thi 4550 attenuated strain of Salmonella typhimurium was used as a vector for IL-2. The gene for human IL-2 was cloned into plasmid pYA292 and inserted into the attenuated S typhimurium and renamed (thi 4550(pIL-2)]. MCA-38 murine adenocarcinoma cells were injected intrasplenically into C57BL/6 mice to produce hepatic metastases that were subsequently enumerated after 12 days. We previously have demonstrated that the thi 4550(pIL-2) produces biologically active IL-2 and that a single gavage feeding of 10(7) thi 4550(pIL-2) significantly reduced the number of hepatic metastases when compared with animals fed salmonella lacking the IL-2 gene or nontreated controls. The aims of the current studies were to determine which host effector cell populations were responsible for the antitumor effect seen with thi 4550(pIL-2) by depletion of natural killer (NK), cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD8+), T helper (CD4+) cells, and Kupffer cells. Multiple experiments were conducted for each host effector cell population depleted. We found a consistent reduction in the mean number of hepatic metastases in animals fed thi 4550(pIL-2) (55.6 metastases; n = 54) when compared with controls (162.3 metastases; n = 53) (P < .0001). Depletion of NK cells and CD8+ T cells significantly inhibited the antitumor effect of thi 4550(pIL-2) (analysis of variance [ANOVA], P < .01). Elimination of CD4+ T cells and Kupffer cells had no significant impact on the antitumor effect of thi 4550(pIL-2) (ANOVA, P value was not significant). Salmonella IL-2 may represent a novel form of in vivo biotherapy for unresectable hepatic malignancies that employs the oral route of administration. Furthermore, both NK cells or CD8+ cells are required for the antitumor effect seen while CD4+ T cells and Kupffer cells do not appear to be as essential.

Adenosarcoma↗
PubMed2000

Doxorubicin-loaded poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(beta-benzyl-L-aspartate) copolymer micelles: their pharmaceutical characteristics and biological significance.

Doxorubicin (DOX) was physically loaded into micelles prepared from poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(beta-benzyl-L-aspartate) block copolymer (PEG-PBLA) by an o/w emulsion method with a substantial drug loading level (15 to 20 w/w%). DOX-loaded micelles were narrowly distributed in size with diameters of approximately 50-70 nm. Dimer derivatives of DOX as well as DOX itself were revealed to be entrapped in the micelle, the former seems to improve micelle stability due to its low water solubility and possible interaction with benzyl residues of PBLA segments through pi-pi stacking. Release of DOX compounds from the micelles proceeded in two stages: an initial rapid release was followed by a stage of slow and long-lasting release of DOX. Acceleration of DOX release can be obtained by lowering the surrounding pH from 7.4 to 5.0, suggesting a pH-sensitive release of DOX from the micelles. A remarkable improvement in blood circulation of DOX was achieved by use of PEG-PBLA micelle as a carrier presumably due to the reduced reticuloendothelial system uptake of the micelles through a steric stabilization mechanism. Finally, DOX loaded in the micelle showed a considerably higher antitumor activity compared to free DOX against mouse C26 tumor by i.v. injection, indicating a promising feature for PEG-PBLA micelle as a long-circulating carrier system useful in modulated drug delivery.

Adenosarcoma↗
PubMed1998

Endometrial stromal nodule with retiform sex-cord-like differentiation.

We describe an interesting case of uterine stromal nodule with sex-cord-like differentiation of retiform type. The tumour occurred in a 51-year-old woman. It contained areas of retiform patterns mimicking an epithelial component of some of mullerian biphasic tumours. Areas of classical sex-cord-like and smooth muscle differentiations were also found. The sex-cord-like cells revealed a smooth muscle phenotype in ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies.

Actins↗
PubMed1994

Primary poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the middle ear.

Adenocarcinoma of the middle ear is seldom encountered in clinical practice. In the past 20 years, nearly 20 cases of primary adenocarcinoma of the middle ear have been reported, and most cases of these tumors have been described without histologic presentation. To our knowledge, only one case of adenocarcinoma originating in the postoperative middle ear has been reported. We describe a case of primary poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma in the middle ear which was surgically treated for chronic otitis media 50 years ago. Planning diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in connection with middle ear tumors is also discussed.

Adenosarcoma↗
PubMed2003

Toward a dynamic real-time intraoperative permanent prostate brachytherapy methodology.

PURPOSE: To evaluate dosimetry and source location relative to CT-based dosimetry when performing real-time dynamic permanent prostate brachytherapy (PPB) with inverse treatment planning. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A treatment algorithm for dynamic PPB was developed using inverse treatment planning. The technique utilizes real-time transrectal ultrasound prostate imaging connected to the treatment planning software. The implementation of the plan with the Mick interstitial gun is monitored with up-to-date dosimetry assessments based on the registration of each seed when placed. Real-time dose assessment is monitored and adjustments can be made during the case, if necessary. A final OR dosimetric (OR-D) assessment based on the registered seed locations is performed. Postoperative CT scans obtained at 3 weeks are used for traditional dosimetry analysis (CT-D). A matrix algorithm was developed to match the seed locations from the ultrasound registration to that of the CT-scan parameters. RESULTS: Twenty-six consecutive patients with clinically localized prostate cancer underwent PPB using the algorithm designed for dynamic real-time planning. The OR-D identified a mean D90 of 109% (range 100-118%) whereas the mean CT-D D90 at 3 weeks was 105% (range 89-122%) (p=0.894). Analysis of the OR-D V100 and V150 relative to the 3-week CT-dose V100 and V150 were also insignificant (p=0.112 and 0.167, respectively). Assessment of seed locations relative to the intraoperative ultrasound and postimplant CT identified a mean root-mean-square error of 4.6 mm (0-21 mm). The mean error for the x, y, and z coordinates were 2.01 mm, 2.24 mm, and 2.85 mm, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study reports the preliminary results of a new treatment algorithm for PPB that incorporates intraoperative inverse planning with dynamic dosimetry assessment during the case. Correlation was seen between the completed intraoperative, postimplant plan and the CT based plan at 3 weeks. Seed to seed deviations between the OR-D matched well with the CT-D. Additional study is necessary to assess whether this approach can assist in improving implant dosimetry and whether it appropriately documents the OR-dose without the need for postimplant dosimetry.

Adenosarcoma↗
PubMed2002

Therapeutic and specific antitumor immunity induced by co-administration of immature dendritic cells and adenoviral vector expressing biologically active IL-18.

Interleukin-18 is a potent cytokine expressed early in the immune response following cleavage in activated composes. We have investigated the in vivo antitumor effects of intratumoral (i.t.) administration of an adenoviral vector expressing biologically active murine interleukin (IL)-18 (Ad.PTH.IL-18). Substantial antitumor effects were observed when established MCA205 fibrosarcoma was treated in syngeneic immunocompetent mice with intratumoral injection of Ad.PTH.IL-18 (P = 0.0025 versus control vector treatment), generating potent cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in culture. In contrast, the antitumor effect was absent, and cytotoxic activity was significantly less (P = 0.021) in gld mice (Fas ligand deficient). To enhance the in vivo antitumor activity of the treatment using Ad.PTH.IL-18, we co-injected immature DC and Ad.PTH.IL-18 i.t. into established, day 7 MCA205 fibrosarcoma and MC38 adenocarcinoma. Co-injection of both Ad.PTH.IL-18 and DC was associated with complete abrogation of injected tumors. Furthermore, the antitumor effects were also observed on distant tumors inoculated i.d. in the contralateral flank of the animal. The induced cytolytic activity was tumor-specific and MHC class I-restricted. As we have previously demonstrated in vitro (Tanaka F et al, Cancer Res 2000; 60: 4838-4844) and consistent with these findings in vivo, NK, T and dendritic cells coactivately mediate the IL-18 enhanced antitumor effect. This study suggests that the coactivate strategy could be used in the clinical setting to treat patients with cancer. do

Adenosarcoma↗
PubMed2000

Frequent activation of AKT2 and induction of apoptosis by inhibition of phosphoinositide-3-OH kinase/Akt pathway in human ovarian cancer.

We previously demonstrated that AKT2, a member of protein kinase B family, is activated by a number of growth factors via Ras and PI 3-kinase signaling pathways. Here, we report the frequent activation of AKT2 in human primary ovarian cancer and induction of apoptosis by inhibition of phosphoinositide-3-OH kinase (PI 3-kinase)/Akt pathway. In vitro AKT2 kinase assay analyses in 91 ovarian cancer specimens revealed elevated levels of AKT2 activity (>3-fold) in 33 cases (36.3%). The majority of tumors displaying activated AKT2 were high grade and stages III and IV. Immunostaining and Western blot analyses using a phospho-ser-473 Akt antibody that detects the activated form of AKT2 (AKT2 phosphorylated at serine-474) confirmed the frequent activation of AKT2 in ovarian cancer specimens. Phosphorylated AKT2 in tumor specimens localized to the cell membrane and cytoplasm but not the nucleus. To address the mechanism of AKT2 activation, we measured in vitro PI 3-kinase activity in 43 ovarian cancer specimens, including the 33 cases displaying elevated AKT2 activation. High levels of PI 3-kinase activity were observed in 20 cases, 15 of which also exhibited AKT2 activation. The remaining five cases displayed elevated AKT1 activation. Among the cases with elevated AKT2, but not PI 3-kinase activity (18 cases), three showed down-regulation of PTEN protein expression. Inhibition of PI 3-kinase/AKT2 by wortmannin or LY294002 induces apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells exhibiting activation of the PI 3-kinase/AKT2 pathway. These findings demonstrate for the first time that activation of AKT2 is a common occurrence in human ovarian cancer and that PI 3-kinase/Akt pathway may be an important target for ovarian cancer intervention.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗