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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Nitrate-dependent o(2) evolution in intact leaves.

Evolution of O(2) by illuminated intact detached leaves from barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv Athos) and pea (Pisum sativum L. cv Lincoln) in a CO(2)-saturating atmosphere was enhanced when KNO(3) (1-2.5 millimolar) had been previously supplied through the transpiration stream. The extra O(2) evolution observed after feeding KNO(3) increased with the light intensity, being maximal at near saturating photon flux densities and resulting in no changes in the initial slope of the O(2)versus light-intensity curve. No stimulation of O(2) evolution was otherwise observed after feeding KCl or NH(4)Cl. The data indicate that nitrate assimilation uses photosynthetically generated reductant and stimulates the rate of non-cyclic electron flow by acting as a second electron-accepting assimilatory process in addition to CO(2) fixation.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1992

Is AIDS education related to condom acquisition?

The acquisition and subsequent use of condoms are two important behaviors that sexually active adolescents must adopt to reduce the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The aims of this study were: first, to evaluate whether combining prescriptions for free condoms with anticipatory guidance would increase the number of adolescents actually using the prescription-redemption plan; and second, to see if education about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) might make adolescents more willing to obtain an HIV blood test. Adolescents were randomly assigned to one of three groups, but only those who were sexually active were included in the data analyses. Each participant was given a prescription to be redeemed for free condoms at the hospital pharmacy, and each was privately offered a confidential, free HIV blood test. Education about AIDS did not increase the likelihood that adolescents would take the blood test, since only seven subjects did so. Our logistic regression model showed the most significant variables influencing a teenager to obtain condoms were gender, socioeconomic status, lifetime number of partners, and experimental condition. Anticipatory guidance concerning HIV promoted the use of the prescription-redemption plan especially among more sexually active males who come from middle-class families.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed1991

Integration of mother and child health services in Ethiopia.

In Wollo region of Ethiopia, various non-governmental officers have been working closely with each other and with the Regional Health Department to implement the policy of daily integrated mother and child health services. The record cards, registers, procedures and training courses of the separate 'vertically' organized services were brought together to enable the development of a model integrated service. There were improvements in accessibility, acceptability and output of the services. The system was evaluated by a joint Ministry of Health and UNICEF team, and was adopted for use in the rest of Ethiopia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Evaluation of microbial culture techniques for the isolation of Pythium insidiosum from equine tissues.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of sample handling, storage, and culture techniques on the isolation of Pythium insidiosum from infected equine tissues. Tissue and kunker samples obtained immediately posteuthanasia from a horse with subcutaneous pythiosis were used to assess the effects of sample type (kunkers vs. tissues), media type (selective vs. nonselective), storage technique, and storage time on P. insidiosum isolation rate. Overall, isolation rates were higher from fresh kunkers (94.6%) and stored kunkers (76.4%) than from fresh tissues (8.3%) or stored tissues (4.6%). Isolation of P. insidiosum also occurred more often on antibiotic-containing media than on nonselective media for both fresh and stored samples. For samples that were stored for 1-3 days prior to culture, P. insidiosum isolation rates were highest for the following techniques: kunkers stored at room temperature and plated on selective media (100%), kunkers stored at 4 C and then plated on either nonselective (91.7%) or selective (95.8%) media, kunkers stored on cold packs and then plated on either nonselective (93.8%) or selective (100%) media, kunkers stored in ampicillin solution and plated on selective media (100%), and kunkers stored in ampicillin/gentocin solution and plated on selective media (87.5%). For samples stored for 4-5 days, P. insidiosum isolation rates were highest for kunkers stored at 4 C and then plated on either nonselective (81.3%) or selective (87.5%) media, kunkers stored in ampicillin solution and then plated on selective media (87.5%), and kunkers stored in ampicillin/gentocin solution and plated on selective media (87.5%). Results of this study suggest that optimal isolation rates of P. insidiosum from infected equine tissues are achieved by culturing fresh kunkers on selective media. For samples that cannot be processed immediately, acceptable handling techniques include storage at room temperature for up to 3 days, refrigeration for up to 5 days, shipping on cold packs, and storage in antibiotic solution, each combined with subsequent inoculation on selective media.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Reconciling messages: the process of sexual talk for Latinas.

Young Latinas' experiences and meanings of sexuality were explored through 31 interviews, with grounded theory used to provide theoretical understanding of sexual talk. The women's level of comfort with sexual talk and their explicitness influenced the kind of sexual talk they engaged in with partners. The analysis of being in a romantic relationship revealed similar descriptions of processes within the accounts that led to the discovery of the core variable reconciling messages. This describes the Latinas' process of accepting messages that fit their value system, rejecting messages that theyfeel misrepresent their beliefs, and altering messages to accept their own sexuality. The findings expand Communication Boundary Management theory and have implications for interventions aimed at assisting women with safer sex topics.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Contraceptive use among female adolescents.

Teenage pregnancy continues to be a problem in the United States despite the availability of reliable contraceptive methods. A pilot study was conducted to determine the use of reliable contraception by teenagers following an abortion or negative pregnancy test. The results indicated that 96.6% of the teenagers experiencing a therapeutic abortion and 49.6% of the teens having a negative pregnancy test reported choosing reliable contraception after the procedure or the test. At a subsequent clinic visit, however, only 27.5% in the abortion group and 5.7% in the negative pregnancy test group reported use of reliable contraception. Further research is needed to identify factors involved in teenagers' use or nonuse of contraception.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1988

School-based clinics: their role in helping students meet the 1990 objectives.

Service statistics and observations from site visits across the country indicate that school-based clinics (SBCs) may be having an impact on several of the problems targeted in the 1990 health objectives, including unplanned pregnancy and substance abuse. At least 120 junior and senior high schools in 61 communities are currently operating or developing clinics. Growth is attributed to increasing concern about high-risk youth, especially among educators in their roles of "surrogate parents"; to disillusion with categorical interventions and a movement toward more comprehensive services; and to student, parent, school, and community approval of the new programs. This article describes the comprehensive school-based clinic model, including its history, organizational strategies, school/community partnerships, and services.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Evaluation of a new coprocessed compound based on lactose and maize starch for tablet formulation.

The development of new direct compression excipients should include a comprehensive and rapid determination of deformation properties. The aim of this study was to characterize StarLac, a new coprocessed compound for direct compression based on lactose and maize starch. For this purpose, the effects of the base materials (maize starch and spray-dried lactose) were considered and the influence of the spray-drying process was investigated. This was performed by comparing the physical mixture of starch and spray-dried lactose at the same ratio as for StarLac. For analysis of the deformation behavior, the 3-D model and the Walker equation were applied; for verification, the Heckel equation and the pressure time function (a modified Weibull equation) were used. The advantages of StarLac are its good flowability depending on the spray-drying process, an acceptable crushing force due to its lactose content, its rapid disintegration depending on starch, and a brilliant fast release of an active ingredient, such as theophylline monohydrate. The volume-pressure deformation properties of StarLac were dependent on the lactose properties. Only at high maximum relative density (rho(rel, max)) did the influence of starch cause a change in these properties. A network-like structure can be observed using scanning electron microscopy pictures. Overall, StarLac deformed plastically with a low portion of elasticity. The physical mixture exhibited a more elastic behavior than StarLac. However, the part of the powder that was irreversibly compressed was much lower than was observed for the single substances. This behavior is caused by an interaction between the components, which in StarLac is prevented by spray drying.

Compressive Strength↗
PubMed2003

Wound exudate: composition and functions.

Wound exudate is all too often perceived as a clinical management problem. While this can be the case, it should be recognized that exudate does fulfill an important function in the healing process. Gradual acceptance of the benefits of moist wound healing, combined with the current goals of the 'ideal' moist environment, focuses attention on the role of exudate. This review is intended to define the components and functions of 'normal' exudate and differentiate it from abnormal exudate.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2005

Hospital volume-outcome relationships among medical admissions to ICUs.

BACKGROUND: Positive relationships between hospital volume and outcomes have been demonstrated for several surgeries and medical conditions. However, little is known about the volume-outcome relationship in patients admitted to medical ICUs. OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between hospital volume and risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality for patients admitted to ICUs with respiratory, neurologic, and GI disorders. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Twenty-nine hospitals in a single metropolitan area. PATIENTS: Adult ICU admissions from 1991 through 1997. METHODS: Using Cox proportional hazards models, we compared in-hospital mortality between tertiles of hospital volume (high, medium, and low) for respiratory (n = 16,949), neurologic (n = 13,805), and GI (n = 12,881) diseases after adjusting for age, gender, admission severity of illness, admitting diagnosis, and source. Severity of illness was measured using the APACHE (acute physiology and chronic health evaluation) III methodology. RESULTS: Among respiratory and neurologic ICU admissions, hazard ratios were similar (p > or = 0.05) in patients in low-, medium-, and high-volume hospitals. However, among GI diagnoses, risk of mortality was lower in high-volume hospitals, relative to low-volume hospitals (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54 to 0.85; p < 0.001), and was somewhat lower in medium-volume hospitals (hazard ratio, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.68 to 1.01; p = 0.06). Among subgroups based on severity of illness, high-volume hospitals had lower mortality, relative to low-volume hospitals, among sicker patients (APACHE III score > 57) in the respiratory cohort (hazard ratio, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.59 to 0.99) and the GI cohort (hazard ratio, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.85). CONCLUSIONS: Associations between ICU volume and risk-adjusted mortality were significant for patients with GI diagnoses and for sicker patients with respiratory diagnoses. However, associations were not significant for patients with neurologic diagnoses. The lack of a consistent volume-outcome relationship may reflect unmeasured patient complexity in higher-volume hospitals, relative standardization of care across ICUs, or lack of efficacy of some accepted ICU processes of care.

APACHE↗
PubMed1996

Examining mediators of change in traditional chemical dependency treatment.

OBJECTIVE: Few studies have examined processes that mediate positive outcomes in the treatment of substance use disorders. The present study used a theory-driven approach to assess mechanisms hypothesized as curative by the traditional chemical dependency treatment approach. Several specific disease model processes such as accepting powerlessness over alcohol and two processes common to both the disease model and other treatment approaches (commitment to abstinence and intention to avoid high-risk situations) were studied. It was hypothesized that patients entering treatment would manifest high levels of denial, that there would be significant reduction of denial and increased endorsement of disease model and common processes as a result of treatment and that processes would mediate outcome. METHOD: Patients (N = 79; 54 men) in intensive traditional alcohol/drug treatment were assessed at entry into treatment, at the end of treatment and 1 month following treatment. Both self-report and clinician ratings of processes were assessed. RESULTS: Overall, results provided little support for study hypothesis. Subjects showed low levels of denial at treatment entry. Specific disease model, but not common processes, increased during treatment. Common processes, but not disease model processes, predicted relapse. Patients with higher levels of commitment to abstinence and greater intentions to avoid high-risk situations were at lower risk for relapse. However, greater commitment to Alcoholics Anonymous and belief in a Higher Power predicted reduced severity of relapse among those who did relapse. CONCLUSIONS: Findings do not support prevailing practitioner views regarding how traditional treatment works and suggest that interventions in these treatments may be mismatched to patient needs.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Comparative study of four different sperm washing methods using apoptotic markers in ram spermatozoa.

The accurate measurement of semen fertilizing potential is of great importance in determining the acceptability of processed semen for breeding purposes. A good sperm preparation technique results in a sample with high viability and motility and also takes into account other parameters such as the capacitation and apoptotic state which could compromise the ability to fertilize an oocyte. In this study, we investigate the effects of 4 sperm preparation techniques (a dextran/swim-up procedure, discontinuous Percoll density gradient centrifugation, sucrose washing, and filtration) on ram sperm quality parameters. Besides the evaluation of viability and the capacitation state, we also analyzed the apoptotic status of the sperm samples by assessing the phosphatidylserine translocation and caspase-3 and -7 activities. This is the first report, to our knowledge, that evidences the presence of active caspases in ram sperm. The results confirm the better ability of the dextran/swim-up procedure to select nonapoptotic spermatozoa, in addition to viable and noncapacitated sperm, compared with other sperm preparation methods. This should be considered to enhance results of artificial insemination techniques in ovine reproduction.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Geometric accuracy in robot-assisted total hip replacement surgery.

OBJECTIVE: Robot-Assisted Surgery in Total Hip Replacement (RAS-THR) has become a fairly widespread procedure for hip replacement surgery in Europe. However, data on the geometric accuracy of the overall process have so far been unavailable. The equipment manufacturers have only published data on the accuracy of certain elements of the procedure (e.g., the accuracy of the robot system). This study aimed to investigate the overall geometric accuracy of the complete process of RAS-THR, as well as the influence of some of the individual component steps. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An anthropomorphic phantom has been developed representing the hip and upper leg region of a human body. The entire RAS-THR procedure can be carried out using this phantom. Studies were conducted to investigate the overall accuracy of the process, as well as the influence of some individual steps in the procedure, using both the ROBODOC and CASPAR systems. RESULTS: Overall geometric accuracy of the RAS-THR process was found to be within a standard deviation of 0.5 mm and 0.3 degrees in the critical directions. Most individual steps in the process make similar contributions to the overall variation. The two robot systems examined offer comparable accuracy. CONCLUSION: Initial results seem to indicate that the RAS-THR process is acceptably accurate. However, acceptance criteria for the necessary geometric accuracy have not yet been defined.

Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip↗