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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

New flavonol tetraglycosides from Astragalus caprinus.

A new flavonol tetraglycoside, together with four acylated derivatives, were isolated from the leaves of Astragalus caprinus. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, mainly 2D NMR, as kaempferol-3-O-[[beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1-->3)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->6)][alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)]]-beta-D-galactopyranoside (1), its 3(Gal)-p-coumaric (2) and 3(Gal)-ferulic (3) esters, and its 4(Gal)-p-coumaric (4) and 4(Gal)-ferulic (5) esters.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Enhancing effect of antitumor polysaccharide from Astragalus or Radix hedysarum on C3 cleavage production of macrophages in mice.

Effects of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) and Radix hedysari polysaccharide (RHPS) on the third component of complement (C3) cleavage production of macrophages in ICR mouse were investigated by the immunofluorescent method. By two hours after intraperitoneal injection of 500 mg/kg of APS or RHPS, there was an obvious increase in the deposition of C3 on peritoneal macrophages. When APS or RHPS was injected 5 times (1 time/day), the proportion of C3 positive macrophages was more than that of 1-time injection. At the same time, the number of peritoneal macrophages also increased. Since C3 cleavage product occurred with the activation of C3, the results suggest that the immuno-potentiating action of APS and RHPS may be related to the activity of mouse complement C3.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

DNA synthesis and fragmentation in bacteroids during Astragalus sinicus root nodule development.

Histo- and cytochemical techniques were used to study the DNA replication and fragmentation patterns in bacteroids formed by Mesorhizobium huakuii subsp. rengei in nodules of Astragalus sinicus. DNA replication was detected by the incorporation of 5-bromo deoxy-uridine. Signals denoting DNA synthesis were observed in plant nuclei within the nodule meristem and in bacteroids near the meristem. The TUNEL (TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling) assay was used to measure DNA fragmentation. In nutrient-depleted 1-mpi (month(s) post inoculation) nodule sections, some bacteroids were in vacuoles, and DNA fragmentation signals were observed only in such bacteroids. In contrast, 1-mpi nodule sections without nutrient depletion showed neither bacteroid localization in vacuoles nor DNA fragmentation signals. The bacteroid translocation into vacuoles upon nutrient starvation might results from autophagy of the plant. In 2-mpi nodule sections, bacteroids with DNA fragmentation signals appeared within the cytoplasm of some nodule cells in the senescence zone.

DNA Fragmentation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Triterpenoid saponins from Astragalus trigonus.

One new, 3-O-[[[-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl]-3beta,22alpha,24-trihydroxyolean-12-ene and two known triterpenoid saponins, 3-O-[[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl]-3beta,22beta,24-trihydroxyolean-12-ene (azukisaponin V) and 3,16-di-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-3beta,6alpha,16beta-trihydroxycycloart-24-ene have been isolated from Astragalus trigonus. The structures were determined primarily by NMR spectroscopy. The assignment of NMR signals was performed by means of 1H-1H COSY, NOESY, ROESY, TOCSY, HMQC and HMBC experiments.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bioactive saponins from Astragalus suberi L. growing in Yemen.

From the aerial parts of Astragalus suberi L., Fabaceae, seven saponins were isolated. Based on spectral data (IR, 1H and 13C NMR and HR-FABMS), the structures were established as 3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-soyasapogenol B (1); 3-O-(beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl)-soyasapogenol B (2); 3-O-[beta-D-galactopyranosyl (1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-soyasapogenol B (3); 3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->2)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl (1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-soyasapogenol B (4); 3-O-[beta-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->2)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl (1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-11-hydroxy-soyasapogenol B (5); 3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->2)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl (1-->2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl]-soyasapogenol B (6) and 3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->2)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl (1-->2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl]-complogenin (7). The isolated saponins exhibited antibacterial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentration values >100 microg/ml, antifungal activity against all the strains tested with minimum fungicidal concentration values between 25 and 50 microg/ml and inhibited the growth of Hep-2 (human carcinoma of larynx), with IC50 values between 50 microg/ml (compounds 5-7) and 100 microg/ml (compounds 1-4), and Hela (human carcinoma of cervix) cell lines in culture with different IC50 values [74 (compound 7), 98 (compound 5) and 180 microg/ml (compounds 1-4 and 6)].

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMed1999

The pathogenesis and toxicokinetics of locoweed (Astragalus and Oxytropis spp.) poisoning in livestock.

Locoweed poisoning is a chronic disease that develops in livestock grazing for several weeks on certain Astragalus and Oxytropis spp. that contain the locoweed toxin, swainsonine. The purpose of this review is to present recent research on swainsonine toxicokinetics and locoweed-induced clinical and histologic lesions. Swainsonine inhibits cellular mannosidases resulting in lysosomal storage disease similar to genetic mannosidosis. Diagnosis of clinical poisoning is generally made by documenting exposure, identifying the neurologic signs, and analyzing serum for alpha-mannosidase activity and swainsonine. All tissues of poisoned animals contained swainsonine, and the clearance rates from most tissues was about 20 hours (T1/2 half life). The liver and kidney had longer rate of about 60 hours (T1/2). This suggests that poisoned animals should be allowed a 28-day withdrawal to insure complete swainsonine clearance. Poisoning results in vacuolation of most tissues that is most obvious in neurons and epithelial cells. Most of these histologic lesions resolved shortly after poisoning is discontinued; however, some neurologic changes are irreversible and permanent.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1997

[Effect of Astragalus Angelica mixture on serum lipids and glomerulosclerosis in rats with nephrotic syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To confirm the renal protective action of Astragalus Angelica mixture (AAM). METHODS: Effect of AAM was observed in puromycin amino-nucleoside induced nephrotic syndrome model of rat, and pravachol, an effective lipid lowering medicine, was used as positive control. RESULTS: AAM could not only reduce the serum levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride as pravachol did, but also could lower levels of low density lipoprotein and apolipoprotein B100 (P < 0.05). Light microscopic and immuno-histochemical examination revealed that in the same time of lowering serum lipids, this mixture could also cause reduction of glomerular sclerosing index (P < 0.01) and less accumulation of extracellular matrix (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: AAM has the effects of regulating lipid metabolism, attenuating renal damage and maintaining renal function in rats with nephrotic syndrome.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Effect of locoweed (Astragalus ientiginosus) feeding of fetal lamb development.

Locoweed, Astragalus lentiginosus, was fed to pregnant ewes for various periods during gestation. The principal gross effects on the developing fetuses were observed to be delayed placentation, decreased vascularization, fetal edema and hemorrhage, and alteration of cotyledon development. Deformed lambs and undersized lambs also occurred. Data from sheep fed locoweed during various periods of the entire gestation period are summarized and indicate that locoweed poisoning in the fetus as with the adult is a chronic type of intoxication. Also, poisoning of the fetus parallels poisoning in the dam.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1999

From flowering to dispersal: reproductive ecology of an endemic plant, Astragalus australis var. olympicus (Fabaceae).

Astragalus australis var. olympicus is an endemic plant of the Olympic Mountains, Washington. It is considered a Species of Concern by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. This study focused on the reproductive biology of the plant from flower production through seed germination to identify possible weak points that might contribute to its rarity and impede its conservation. Most plants produced a large mean number of flowers and ovules (314.8 and 4106, respectively), but relatively few of these formed fruits and seeds (25.8 and 3.8%, respectively). In decreasing importance, ovules in fruits were lost to predation, seed abortion, and lack of fertilization. The percentages of these fates differed among sites and years. Excluding pollinators by bagging flowers reduced fruit set by ∼50%, but seed set per fruit and seed mass were unaffected. Germination was affected by scarification, temperature, and moisture availability. About 11% of seeds damaged by predispersal seed predators (weevil larvae) remained viable and were released from dormancy. I hypothesize that predispersal seed predation (over 80% at one site) has a negative effect on population growth. Conservation of this species could benefit from improved fruit set and decreased seed predation.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Toxicology of Astragalus lusitanicus Lam.

Astragalus lusitanicus is a toxic legume grown in Morocco and in some other Mediterranean countries. In small ruminants, poisoning by this plant is dominated by nervous signs characterized by many cycles of excitement-depression. Macroscopic examination of poisoned animals showed congestive lesions and oedema in the brain and lungs. Microscopic lesions consisted mainly of vacuolar degeneration in neurons, hepatocytes and in spleen and kidney cells. Serum activity of AST and CK as well as blood glucose and urea were increased as a result of poisoning. However, serum activity of alpha-mannosidase was not modified as is the case in locoism. Chemical investigations showed that A. lusitanicus does not contain swainsonine or miserotoxin and its selenium concentration is very low. However, this legume contains indolizidin alkaloids and a first compound was purified and identified.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2000

[Improved protoplast-derived plants of Astragalus adsurgens through somatic embryogenesis].

Embryogenic callus was obtained only from hypocotyl explants of Astragalus adsurgens and light inhibited the formation of embryogenic callus. A high yield (1.2 x 10(6)/g F. Wt.) of protoplasts with high viability (over 80%) could be isolated from 10-day-old embryogenic callus. Protoplasts were induced to undergo sustained division and to form cell colonies when cultured in agarose-solidified medium (KMP) containing 1/4 strength of mineral salts and supplemented with 1.5 mg/L 2, 4-D, 0.5 mg/L BA and 0.5 mol/L glucose at a plating density of 1.0 x 10(5)mL, where the plating efficinency was 16.8%. Conditioning medium significantly improved the formation of cell colonies. When protoplast-derived colonies were maintained at 4 degrees C for 2 weeks and subsequently transferred onto medium (MS) with 0.1 mg/L NAA and 1.0 mg/L BA, somatic embryogenesis occurred. Frequency of cell colonies producing somatic embryos reached 70%, and the number of somatic embryos per gram cells was over 200. Cultured on hormone-free half-strength MS medium, somatic embryos developed into healthy plantlets with normal chromosome complement.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Composition and structure of a galactomannan macromolecules from seeds of Astragalus lehmannianus Bunge].

The composition and structure of a galactomannan from seeds of Astragalus lehmannianus, an endemic legume species, is reported for the first time. The purified galactomannan (yield, 4.8%) contained 55% D-mannose and 45% D-galactose and had a molecular weight of 997.03 kDa. Its aqueous solutions were optically active and highly viscous (the specific rotation, [alpha]D, equaled +81.3 degrees; the characteristic viscosity, [eta], 868.4 ml/g). Chemical, chromatographic, and spectral (IR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy) methods were used to demonstrate that the main chain of the molecule is formed by residues of 1,4-beta-D-mannopyranose, 78% of which are substituted at position 6 with single alpha-D-galactopyranose. The distribution of galactose along the chain was calculated from NMR spectra: frequencies of occurrence, per pair of neighboring mannose units, of (1) two substituents, (2) one substituent, and (3) no substituents were 65.3, 31.5, and 3.2%, respectively. The specific rotation of galactomannans was shown to correlate with their content of galactose.

Fabaceae↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Psychotropic effect of the Astragalus mongolicus preparation].

Study of the pharmacological properties of a preparation from the plants of Mongolian milk vetch (Astragalus mongolicus) of the Leguminosae Juss. family showed evidence of a pronounced psychotropic activity. The main action components are the anxiolytic (tranquilizer), antidepressant, antiamnesic, and antiaggressive effects.

Aggression↗
PubMed1997

[Studies on the efficacious constituents of Astragalus complanatus].

The petroleum ether extract of Astragalus complanatus R. Br. showed activity for lowering the transaminase levels in mice. From this extract six compounds were isolated. Among them five were identified as rhamnocitrin (I), formononetin (II), stigmasterol (IV), phosphatidylethanolamine (V) and phosphatidylinositol (VI). The other one was shown to be a new p-coumaroyl derivative, 11-O-p-coumarylnepeticin. Their structures were elucidated by spectrometric and chemical analyses. All the six compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Coumarins↗
PubMed1975

Fetal and maternal lesions in pregnant ewes ingesting locoweed (Astragalus lentiginosus).

Locoweed (Astragalus lentiginosus) was fed to ewes from 70 to 100 days of pregnancy. Ewes were killed at 100, 115, 130, and 145 days, and selected tissues were collected from both the dam and the fetus for histologic examination. Neurovisceral cytoplasmic vacuolation and neuroaxonal dystrophy decreased in dam and fetus with time after the feeding of locoweed was discontinued.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Effect of total flavonoids of Astragalus on nitroxide in ischemia reperfusion injury].

OBJECTIVE: To study the protective effect of total flavonoids of Astragalus (TFA) on ischemia/reperfusion injury. METHODS: Change of nitrite (NO2-), the terminal product of nitric oxide (NO) metabolism, and the effect of TFA and chloroquine (a phospholipase A2 inhibitor) on it were observed with hemorrhagic shock/reperfusion injury (S/R) rabbit model. RESULTS: Plasma NO2- content was positively correlated with blood pH and total carbon dioxide content lowering. TFA and chloroquine could block the decrease of NO in certain degree and might have some effect on maintaining acid-base balance of body. CONCLUSION: TFA has protective effect on ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Comparison on efficacy in treating liver fibrosis of chronic hepatitis B between Astragalus Polygonum anti-fibrosis decoction and jinshuibao capsule].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the efficacy of Astragalus-Polygonum Anti-Fibrosis Decoction (APAFD) and Jinshuibao capsule (JSBC) in treating liver fibrosis of chronic hepatitis B. METHODS: Ninety-two liver fibrosis of chronic hepatitis B patients were randomly divided into group A and B. Patients in group A received APAFD for 48 weeks, and in group B, they received JSBC for 48 weeks. The effects were observed on the change of hyaluronic acid (HA), laminin (LN), pro-collagen III (PCIII) and collagen IV (CIV) as well as liver functional tests and liver biochemical parameters before and after treatment. RESULTS: Levels of serum HA, LN, PCIII and CIV in the group A declined more obviously than that of group B, the difference was significant (P < 0.01). The liver functional tests such as total bilirubin (TB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), albumin/globulin ratio, hepatitis related serum biochemical parameters such as cholylglycine (CG), serum ferritin (SF), prealbumin (PA) of group A all were improved more significantly than that of group B (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: APAFD is more effective than JSBC in treating liver fibrosis of chronic hepatitis B, and in the inhibition of hepatic inflammation, it is a good composite Chinese herbal preparation against liver fibrosis.

Adolescent↗