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PubMed2001

Determination of 5-aminosalicylic acid related impurities by micellar electrokinetic chromatography with an ion-pair reagent.

A micellar electrokinetic chromatographic (MEKC) method was developed for the quantification of mesalazine or 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and its major impurities 3-aminosalicylic acid, salicylic acid, sulfanilic acid and 4-aminophenol. The optimisation of the experimental conditions was carried out considering some important requirements: resolution, reproducibility, detection limits of 0.1% (m/m) or less, short total analysis time. Preliminary investigations employing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as surfactant did not lead to the necessary resolution of the studied compounds; the addition of tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) to the SDS micellar system resulted in the complete separation of all the compounds. The effects on the separation by several parameters such as TBAB concentration, SDS concentration, background electrolyte pH and concentration, were evaluated. Using a fused-silica capillary (8.5 cm effective length) complete analysis was obtained in a very short time. Under the optimised final conditions [120 mM 3-(cyclohexylamino)-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid buffer, pH 10.20, 65 mM SDS in the presence of 55 mM TBAB and 5% methanol] the method was validated for specificity, precision, linearity, limits of detection and quantitation, and robustness: the 5-ASA related impurities can be quantified at least at the 0.1% (m/m) level.

Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary↗
PubMed2006

Evaluation of 5-aminosalicyltaurine as a colon-specific prodrug of 5-aminosalicylic acid for treatment of experimental colitis.

We previously reported that 5-aminosalicyltaurine (taurine-conjugated 5-ASA, 5-ASA-Tau) showed a potential as a colon-specific prodrug of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) by in vitro evaluation. In this report, we in vivo-evaluated 5-ASA-Tau as a colon-specific prodrug for treatment of experimental colitis. Taurine conjugation of 5-ASA greatly reduced absorption of 5-ASA from the intestine. Oral administration of taurine-conjugated 5-ASA not only increased the colonic delivery efficiency of 5-ASA but also decreased the systemic absorption of free 5-ASA as compared with that of 5-ASA and, moreover, taurine is similarly effective to known colon-specific carriers for 5-ASA, glycine and aspartic acid, suggesting that taurine conjugation is an efficient way to increase the therapeutic effect and to reduce the adverse effects of 5-ASA. Intracolonic treatment with combined 5-ASA/taurine additively ameliorated TNBS-induced colitis rats indicating that taurine acted as not only a promoiety but also a therapeutically active agent. Furthermore, 5-ASA-Tau is slightly more effective than sulfasalazine in alleviating the colonic inflammation induced by TNBS. Taken together, our data suggest that 5-ASA-Tau is a potential colon-specific prodrug of 5-aminosalicylic acid with improved therapeutic activity against inflammatory bowel disease.

Aminosalicylic Acids↗
PubMed2000

Putting rectal 5-aminosalicylic acid in its place: the role in distal ulcerative colitis.

Oral aminosalicylates such as sulfasalazine and mesalamine are widely prescribed for the treatment of mild or moderately active distal ulcerative colitis. However, a critical review of the literature demonstrates that rectal 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) is the optimal therapy for this disease. Meta-analyses of published trials show that rectally delivered 5-ASA is superior to placebo and to conventional rectal corticosteroids in inducing remission of distal ulcerative colitis, whereas the combination of rectal 5-ASA with a rectal corticosteroid or oral aminosalicylate is superior to rectal 5-ASA alone. For maintaining remission of distal ulcerative colitis, rectal 5-ASA is significantly better than placebo and at least as effective as oral 5-ASA. The dosage forms available for rectal delivery include suppositories, foams, and liquid enemas, and selection among these preparations should be guided by the proximal extent of disease and patient preference. The efficacy of rectal 5-ASA is complemented by its low rate of reported adverse effects, which may reflect its reduced potential for systemic absorption. This review summarizes the evidence supporting the role of rectal 5-ASA as a first-line therapy for mild or moderately active distal ulcerative colitis, and offers guidelines for its use.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

[A specific property of bacteria in the genus Klebsiella--a color reaction with 5-aminosalicylic acid in the nutrient medium].

For the first time bacteria of the genus Klebsiella have been found to possess a specific property, characteristic of this genus only, i.e. the capacity of giving color reaction with 5-aminosalicylic acid. This reaction can be observed in all Klebsiella species under study: K. pneumoniae (94.4 +/- 2.3%), K. ozaenae (93.3 +/- 4.5%), K. rhinoscleromatis (100%), K. oxytoca (88.0 +/- 4.9%), K. mobilis (92-5 +/- 4.3% of the strains). In all other bacteria under study (40 species, 22 genera and 7 families) the reaction is negative. The test for the color reaction with 5-aminosalicylic acid confirms the belonging of K. mobilis (Enterobacter aerogenes) to the genus Klebsiella, thus making it possible to simplify and accelerate the identification of Klebsiella.

Aminosalicylic Acids↗
PubMed1983

Kinetics of 5-aminosalicylic acid after jejunal instillation in man.

The human pharmacokinetics of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), the active moiety of salazosulphapyridine (SASP), is only known from studies in which rapid absorption has been deliberately avoided. The present investigation demonstrates that pure 5-ASA is absorbed extremely quickly when given as an instillation in the proximal part of the small bowel, and acetylation follows immediately. The metabolite is excreted very rapidly by the liver in small amounts, while the major part is eliminated renally.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1991

Optimum dosage of 5-aminosalicylic acid as rectal enemas in patients with active ulcerative colitis.

5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), the active moiety of sulphasalazine (SASP), was given as a rectal enema to patients with mild to moderate distal ulcerative colitis to determine the minimum effective dosage. A double blind study was carried out using enemas containing 1, 2, or 4 g or 5-ASA or placebo for a one month treatment period. One hundred and thirteen patients with ulcerative colitis attending our outpatient clinic volunteered to participate. Clinical, sigmoidoscopic, and histological assessments were carried out at the beginning of the study and after 15 and 30 days of treatment. All patients who received 5-ASA enemas showed significantly better results than those who received a placebo enema (p less than 0.001) but no difference was detected among the patients receiving differing concentrations of 5-ASA. This study suggests that 1 g 5-ASA (in a 100 ml enema) is a sufficient dosage for patients with a mild to moderate attack of ulcerative colitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

4-Aminosalicylic acid retention enemas in treatment of distal colitis.

Forty-five of 47 patients with distal ulcerative colitis completed a two-week double-blind, randomized, controlled trial to determine if 4-aminosalicylic acid (4-ASA) enemas, 1 g bid or 2 g bid, were therapeutically effective compared to placebo. Forty-one patients enrolled because they were refractory to or had side effects during conventional therapy with sulfasalazine or corticosteroids. Proctoscopic examination was done before and after two weeks of treatment. Patients kept daily diaries assessing: blood in stools, mucus in stools, tenesmus, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, fatigue, weight loss, and malaise. Severity of each symptom ranged from 0 (absent) to 3 (severe). A total severity score was calculated from the above for each patient. At the end of the two-week study, 35 patients elected to take 4-ASA in an open-label trial for one year. 4-ASA enemas in the 1-g bid but not the 2-g bid dosage were significantly more effective in improving symptoms than placebo: P less than or equal to 0.05. Neither dose of 4-ASA enema was better than placebo in improving the sigmoidoscopic appearance at the end of two-weeks. Forty-six percent of patients had complete resolution of all signs and symptoms in the open-label trial and 31% were better but still had sigmoidoscopic evidence of disease, a total response rate of 77%. Side effects were similar in the placebo and 4-ASA groups. We conclude that 4-ASA enemas in a dose of 1 g bid are safe and effective in the treatment of distal ulcerative colitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Further study on the cytogenetic effects of combined chemotherapy with isoniazid and para-aminosalicylic acid on human lymphocytes in vivo: sister chromatid exchanges, chromosome aberrations in first-division metaphases, cell growth kinetics, and mitotic index.

Tuberculosis patients under therapy with the drug combination isoniazid (INH) and para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) were screened to investigate the cytogenetic effects. Results were compared with those from the patient controls (ie, tuberculosis patients before starting drug therapy) and general controls (individuals from the general population). The induction of chromosome aberrations was homogeneous and increased significantly in all the drug-exposed patients, whereas the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) was increased only in one of them. These results indicated differences in the two processes: chromosome aberrations and SCEs. Patients under therapy exhibited no change in cell growth kinetics, but the mitotic index was slightly enhanced compared to patient controls. It is concluded that the drug combination of INH + PAS induces damage in lymphocyte chromosomes in vivo. Further studies should be carried out on germ cells.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Complexation of polymeric drugs based on polyacrylic chains with aminosalicylic acid side groups.

Polymeric drugs and ionomers can exhibit properties associated with the polymeric nature, such as adhesion, or coating of different substrates by polymeric active films, and can be applied successfully in the field of biomaterials. In this sense, complexation with calcium ions of two polyacrylic systems derived from 4-aminosalicylic acid (poly (4-HMA)), and 5-aminosalicylic acid, (poly (5-HMA)), have been studied by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Both techniques support the ability of these polymers to form complexes with calcium ions as polycarboxylates.

Journal Article↗