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PubMed2002

[Effect of middle ear impedance on hearing threshold level in children with adenoid hypertrophy].

The adenoid hypertrophy in children may lift the hearing threshold level especially for low frequency and also influence on the middle-ear impedance. The authors tested eighteen children with adenoid hypertrophy and ten healthy children. The tone audiometry for 250 Hz-8 kHz and impedance audiometry was made. For eight children with adenoid hypertrophy tests were made before and after adenoidectomy (surgical removal of the adenoids). The authors found the relation between the curve of the hearing threshold level and the middle-ear impedance. It was found correlation between the middle-ear impedance and the value of hearing threshold level for 250 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz and average of value for 250, 500 and 1000 Hz. There was no correlation between the middle-ear impedance and the value of hearing threshold level for 500 Hz and average of value for 500, 1000 and 2000 Hz.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed2001

Carcinoma adenoides cysticum as a primary neoplasm most probably derived from biliary ducts--case report.

UNLABELLED: Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a typical tumor of large and small salivary glands and sometimes of the breast. The aim of this report is presentation of a case of primary liver cancer with adenoid cystic cancer histology in 21-year old female patient. The tumor was discovered accidentally during pregnancy. The patient did not complain of any ailments. In biochemical tests only slightly elevated bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase and GGT concentrations were observed. No focal lesions in other organs were found in imaging examinations. Huge tumor of 30-cm diameter was found during surgery, encompassing almost whole left and right lobe of the liver. The biopsy taken from the tumor revealed histological picture typical for adenoid cystic carcinoma. Additional stainings and immunohistochemical examinations pointed to biliary ducts as possible place of origin of the neoplasm. SUMMARY: Among primary liver tumours of atypical clinical course the possibility of adenoid cystic carcinoma, deriving most probably from the biliary ducts, should be considered.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[The occurrence of atopic hypersensitivity in children with adenoid hypertrophy].

UNLABELLED: Allergic sensitization of the airways occurs in the mucosa. The lymphatic structure closest to the nasal mucosa is the adenoid. Adenoid hypertrophy (AH) may cause significant morbidity in children but its relationship to atopy has not been intensively studied. To examine the influence of atopy on the adenoid hypertrophy we studied 134 children ages 4 to 8 years, with an average age of 5.4 who had AH. In the analysed group 102 children suffered from difficulty in nose breathing, 61 of children from recurrent upper respiratory tract infections, 51 from recurrent otitis and 40 from hearing disorders. On the basis of allergic and immunological examinations, in 30.6% atopy was confirmed--41 out of 134 children showed positive skin test for allergy, mostly to different kinds of pollen or house dust. From these positive patients the respective allergens could be determined by RAST tests in serum of 87%. Increased total IgE level in serum was confirmed only in 17.5%. 8.5% of children showed peripheral blood eosinophilia. Some children were qualified for adenotomy and removed adenoid was examined histopathologically. Pharmacological treatment was also recommended. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows that allergy and sensitivity to different kinds of allergens is an important risk factor for a greater degree of AH in children. Therefore, early prevention of exposure to them may help reduce occurrence of AH.

Adenoids↗
PubMed1992

Histamine secretion from human mesenteric and adenoidal mast cells.

Human mast cells were obtained from adenoids and mesentery by enzymatic dispersion of the tissues with the enzyme collagenase. The digestion of the tissues resulted in a cell suspension which contained 1-2% mast cells. 37.3% (adenoids) and 33.4% (mesentery) of total histamine initially present in the tissues was recovered in the dispersed cell suspensions. More than 90% of the cells were viable. The adenoidal mast cells could be sensitized passively in vitro with homologous reaginic serum and released histamine after challenge with specific antigen. Both populations of mast cells were sensitive to the action of anti-human IgE; the reversed anaphylaxis with anti-IgE was higher in mesenteric mast cells. Both examined mast cell populations were sensitive to the challenge with polymyxin B, concanavalin A and ionophore A23187, however, histamine release was only up to 10% and 20% for adenoidal and mesenteric cells, respectively. Only mesenteric mast cells responded to the action of compound 48/80. Histamine release, induced by polymyxin B, was rapid (maximal release within 5 min), maximal in the presence of 3 mM extracellular calcium ions (but also occurred in the absence of the cation).

Adenoids↗
PubMed1992

[Immunohistochemical analysis of CA19-9, SLX, and CA125 in adenoid cystic carcinoma of trachea and bronchus].

We examined the usefulness of 3 carbohydrate antigens, CA19-9, CA125, and SLX, as tumor markers in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the trachea and bronchus, immunohistochemically and clinically. CA19-9 and SLX were detected immunohistochemically in normal tracheal and bronchial glands, but CA125 was not detected. Bronchial secretions obtained from 7 patients without cancer contained high levels of these 3 carbohydrate antigens. There was positive immunohistochemical staining for CA19-9, CA125, and SLX in 5 of 9, 1 of 9, and 3 of 8 patients with tracheal or bronchial adenoid cystic carcinoma, respectively. In a case of bronchial adenoid cystic carcinoma in whom pretreatment serum CA19-9 showed a very high level, this marker changed in parallel with the clinical course. These results suggest the possibility that CA19-9 and SLX could be used as useful markers in patients with tracheal and bronchial adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate↗
PubMed2003

[Frequency of adenoid hypertrophy in children with allergic diseases].

Tonsils and adenoid are part of Waldeyer's ring, the basic function of which is antibody formation, they react later against a great variety of antigens. The role of enlarged adenoids and tonsils in upper airway obstruction has become well-established earlier, thus, adenoidectomy with, or without, tonsillectomy is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures in the paediatric population. Research done in respect to Waldeyer's ring on people dealing at the same time with allergy, is seldom the subject of dissertation in polish as well as world wide medical literature. To examine the influence of atopy on the adenoid hypertrophy we studied 115 children ages 4 to 9 years, with an average age of 5.9 who had allergic rhinitis asthma or atopic dermatitis. The study suggested that allergic rhinitis is an important risk factor for an adenoid hypertrophy (AH) in children, therefore, early prevention of exposure to them may help reduce occurrence of AH.

Adenoids↗
PubMed1992

Lateral cervical radiographs and adenoid size: do they correlate?

Clinicians have questioned the value of lateral soft tissue neck x-ray (LSTN) in assessing adenoid size. Elaborate cephalometric assays have been devised to measure degree of nasopharyngeal obstruction secondary to adenoid hypertrophy. This study prospectively studied 73 children, aged 11 months to 13 years, with clinical evidence of adenoid hypertrophy to assess how well a LSTN correlates with direct intraoperative observation of adenoid size and nasopharyngeal obstruction. We found a relatively weak correlation (Pearson coefficient r = 0.34) between x-ray and operative observations. We conclude that LSTN is an appropriate examination in the preoperative assessment of children being considered for adenoidectomy. However, this test must be interpreted by recognizing the inherent limitations of evaluating a dynamic structure, such as the nasopharynx, through a non-dynamic modality.

Adenoids↗
PubMed2004

[Surgery for primary adenoid cystic carcinoma of cervical trachea].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: There were few reports about surgery for primary adenoid cystic carcinoma of cervical trachea. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of surgical resection of a series of 13 patients with primary adenoid cystic carcinoma of cervical trachea. METHODS: Thirteen patients who underwent surgical resection with biopsy-proven primary adenoid cystic carcinoma of cervical trachea were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Of 13 patients, 6 patients showed that tracheal invasion were more than 40 mm length, 7 less than 40 mm length. Seven patients showed extratracheal invasion, 2 showed distance metastases, and 1 showed metastases in regional lymph nodes. Nine patients were treated with sleeve resection of trachea with primary anastomosis (average length of 34.8 mm resected), of which 3 underwent laryngeal release and 8 reserved laryngeal function; 2 received laryngectomy with end tracheostomy and 2 received partial tracheal resection and a patch of autologous tissue reconstruction. Of 13 patients, 4 patients were treated with complete resection and 9 with incomplete resection alone or combined by postoperative irradiation. No death occurred during operation. Two tracheal stenoses and 1 laryngeal recurrent nerve palsy after operation were observed. Seven patients died after therapy, of which 6 patients failed to local management, 1 case died of distance metastases. The total 5- and 10-year survival rates were 69.2% (9/13) and 50.0% (5/10), respectively. The 5- and 10-year survival rates were 75.0% (3/4) and 75.0% (3/4) for complete resection group, 55.0% (5/9) and 33.0% (2/6) for incomplete resection group, 83.3% (5/6) and 83.3% (5/6) for non-extratracheal invasion group, 57.1% (4/7) and 0% for extratracheal invasion group (P=0.001). CONCLUSION: Sleeve resection of trachea with primary reconstruction is the major treatment of the patients suffering from primary cervical tracheal adenoid cystic carcinoma with the long-term survival and function reservation.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Additional diagnostic methods for recording of adenoid hypertrophy in children with allergic rhinitis].

The role of enlarged adenoids and tonsils in upper airway obstruction has become well-established earlier, thus, adenoidectomy with or without tonsillectomy is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures in the paediatric population. Direct assessment of adenoidal size is difficult and no definitive method is so far available to complement clinical assessment. The most important diagnostic techniques are recording of obstructive symptoms, transoral posterior rhinoscopic examination, radiological evaluation, such as lateral radiography of the adenoid and nasopharyngeal magnetic resonance imaging, transnasal fiberoscopic examination, acoustic rhinometry and others. In this study we compare acoustic rhinometry, fiberoscopy and Cohen and Konac radiological method. Spearman's correlation test was used to evaluate the degree of correlation between these three methods. We concluded that acoustic rhinometry and radiology are good and objective methods for measuring adenoid sizes in allergic children.

Adenoids↗
PubMed2004

[Analysis of p53 gene mutation in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma.].

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence of p53 gene mutation in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma, the correlation between the gene and prognostic significance. METHODS: A series of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma were studied by polymerase chain reaction and single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis to detect p53 mutation, respectively. RESULTS: The result showed that p53 gene mutations in exon 5-8 were detected in 65.8% (25/38) of the salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma. The p53 gene mutation was related to tumor distant metastasis and tumor recurrence (P<0.05) but not related to pathological types, clinical stages (P>0.05).There was a significant correlation between p53 gene mutation and postoperative survival . CONCLUSION: It is suggested that p53 gene mutations were very common in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma, and might be useful in screening progress and evaluating prognosis of patients.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

[Application of X ray cephalogram in the measurement of adenoids in children].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical value of X ray lateral cephalogram in the measurement of adenoids in children. METHODS: 45 cases (aged from 3 to 13 year old) with adenoid hypertrophy suspected clinically were examined with lateral cephalometric projections, of which 40 cases were examined with lateral nasopharyngeal projections at one time. Then the quality of films were appraisal and the adenoids were measured on the film. Student's X(2) test was used for statistics analysis. RESULTS: X ray lateral cephalogram can distinctly reveal the structure of nasopharynx. The method was simply and reproducible. The quality of the films were determined based on the conjunction between the base of the pterygoid plate and extracranial aspect of the occipital slope, with consideration of the mandibular margin and sphenoid saddle. The conjunction should be clearly demonstrated and the edges of the mandibular margin and sphenoid saddle should be sharp and well demarcated in qualified films. 45 cases were examined with lateral cephalometric projections, 34 cases had standard films, accounting for 76%. 40 cases were examined with lateral nasopharyngeal projections, 21 had standard films, accounting for 53%. The quality of X ray lateral cephalogram was significantly better than lateral nasopharyngeal projections (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Compared with the routine lateral nasopharyngeal projection, lateral nasopharyngeal cephalogram has images of high quality, is better for showing the nasopharyngeal structures as well as measurement of the adenoids with parenchyma. It is the imaging method of choice for children with OSAHS.

Adenoids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Lymphocytes T gammadelta receptors in hypertrophied adenoids in children with otitis media with effusion].

BACKGROUND: The pharyngeal tonsil is the place of immunological system first contact with pathogenic factors in the nasopharyngeal region, which is responsible for local defence from infection. Chronic antigenic stimulation can lead to adenoid dysfunction and hypertrophy (PMG). Significant role in PMG and in the otitis media with effusion (WZU) play lymphocytes T (CD3(+)) and T-TCR gammadelta. THE AIM of the study was a quantitative analysis of lymphocytes T (CD3(+)) and T-TCR gammadelta in adenoid hypertrophy and otitis media with effusion lasting more than 3 months. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An investigation was executed by flow cytometry in hypertrophied adenoids from children after tonsillectomy. The study and control groups were divided in to 2 subgroups: children younger than 5 years and those aged from 5 to 17 years. RESULTS: The study showed a statistically significant reduction from 35.6+/-3.1% to 32.0+/-2.8% (p < 0.04) of lymphocytes T gammadelta CD3(+) in the examined group (WZU) compared to the control group (PMG). There was a higher percentage of lymphocytes with TCR gammadelta receptor expression in children with WZU (2.04+/-1.13%) than in PMG group (0.99+/-0.44%) (p < 0.002). The lowest percentage of lymphocytes T-TCR gammadelta was found in younger children with PMG (0.67+/-0.17%) and the highest in WZU in younger children (2.13+/-1.04%) (p < 0.0001). We observed a statistically significant difference in expression of TCR receptors (p < 0.02) between younger children with PMG (0.67+/-0.17%) and older children with PMG (1.24+/-0.43%). We did not find significant differences in lymphocytes T CD3(+) related to age. CONCLUSIONS: The enlarged percentage of lymphocytes T gammadelta in adenoid hypertrophy in children with WZU create a possibility of a more rapid response to inflammatory factors.

Adenoids↗
PubMed2005

[Expression of receptor CD23+ on B lymphocytes in hypertrophied adenoids of children with otitis media with effusion].

Tonsil pharyngeal is stimulated chronic by pathogens can be causes this hypertrophied; whose often is companions to otitis media with effusion. Subpopulation dominates in tonsil pharyngeal are lymphocytes B, and their markers activation are expression of antigen CD23+. The aim of this study was finding dependence between otitis media with effusion and coexistent hypertrophy adenoids, and percentage of lymphocytes CD19+ with expression of antigen CD23+ in hypertrophy adenoids. In the study showed higher significant percentage of lymphocytes CD19+ CD23+ at children in otitis media with effusion (20.08+/-2.93) with reference to comparative group, which was only hypertrophy adenoid (18.16+/-2.25). Percentage lymphocytes B (CD23+) were the highest (20.01+/-5.81) in children subgroup above 5 years old with otitis media with effusion, and lowest (17.36+/-2.78) in children comparative subgroup above 5 years old. As regards on different functions of antigen CD23+ the assessment of percentage lymphocytes B with expression of CD23+ can be additional marker in course immunological and inflammatory processes to occur in hypertrophy adenoids at children are sick otitis media with effusion.

Adenoids↗
PubMed2005

[The relationship between adenoids hypertrophy and secretory otitis media].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between immune status of adenoids and secretory otitis media (SOM). METHOD: All the 76 cases of SOM were divided into 2 groups: recurrent group (46 cases) and control group (30 cases whose occurrence was less than 3 times). The manifestation of CD45RO, CD20, PCNA and BCL-2 in adenoids was detected with ultrasensitive (TM)S-P immunohistology. RESULT: The expression of CD44Ro, CD20, PCNA and BCL-2 in recurrent group was significantly higher than that in control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: In adenoid tissues of recurrent SOM patients, the activities of lymphocytes and cells in hypertrophic status increase, the adenoids enlarge and local immunity enhances. Therefore, adenoidectomy for SOM patients should be carried out as early as possible.

Adenoids↗
PubMed2005

[Evaluation of adenoid mast cells in children with secretory otitis media].

Mast cells may play a role in pathogenesis of the otitis media with effusion (OME) in children. The study involved 72 children with no history of allergic diseases. The analysed material were adenoids removed on the grounds of hypertrophy. Immunohistochemical analyses were carried out using antibodies (Dako, M 7052) directed against mast cell tryptase. The slides evaluation was performed by means of optic microscope. The presence of mast cells within adenoidal tissue were scored. There were no statistically significant difference between the numbers of mast cells in each examined adenoid as well as age groups. Our results correspond with those obtained by other authors according to mast cells distribution in adenoid tissue and do not indicate any particular role of mast cells in pathogenesis of OME in children.

Adenoids↗
PubMed2006

[Prognostic analysis of adenoid cystic carcinoma of major salivary glands of 64 cases].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary glands is a kind of highly malignant tumor, and researches on the tumors originated from major salivary glands are rare. This study was to investigate prognostic factors of adenoid cystic carcinoma of major salivary glands. METHODS: Clinical records of 64 patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma of major salivary glands followed up for more than 7 years were reviewed. Cumulative survival rate was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method. The log-rank test was applied to compare survival rates, and the comparison of the percentage of subjects between two groups was conducted with Chi2 test. RESULTS: The overall death rate was 57.8%; the cause-specific death rate was 46.9%; the 5-and 10-year cumulative survival rates were 65.63% and 54.52%, respectively; the relapse rate was 34.4%; and the metastasis rate was 45%. Univariate analysis revealed that the factors impacting the prognosis were age, presence or absence of nerve invasion, histological subtypes, clinical stage, positive or negative surgical margin. Patients aged > or = 50, presence of nerve invasion, solid/tubular subtype, advanced clinical stage (stages III and IV), and positive surgical margin had poorer prognosis than those aged < 50, absence of nerve invasion, cribriform subtype, early clinical stage (stages I and II), and negative surgical margin. Multivariate analysis showed that the presence of nerve invasion, solid histological subtype, advanced clinical stage (stages III and IV), and positive surgical margin were independently associated to poor prognosis. CONCLUSION: Presence or absence of nerve invasion, histological subtype, clinical stage, and positive or negative surgical margin are the independent factors affecting the prognosis of patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary glands.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Disappearance of primitive basaloid cells after external irradiation in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland.

OBJECTIVE: To study the histopathological findings of basaloid adenoid cystic carcinoma after high dose orbital irradiation. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The histopathology study was done in a 38-year-old Thai female patient who had basaloid adenoid cystic carcinoma of the right lacrimal gland confirmed by incisional biopsy. After a 60-Gy external irradiation, the mass decreased in size and finally could not be palpated, but subsequent orbital imaging still showed infiltrative soft tissue mass at the right lacrimal gland with bony defects at posterosuperior and lateral walls without extraorbital extension. Orbital exenteration and lateral orbitectomy was performed. The specimen was submitted for histopathological examination. RESULTS: Microscopic examination revealed periglandular infiltration with chronic inflammation of the palpebral lobe of lacrimal gland. The orbital lobe was extensively replaced with fibrous tissue. There was only a small area of cribiform pattern of the adenoid cystic carcinoma left; no basaloid pattern was seen in the tissue. CONCLUSION: The primitive cells (basaloid pattern) disappear after orbital irradiation for adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland. Replacement with fibrous tissue is seen.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[The cytofluorometric opinion of expression of adhesion molecules CD11a and CD54 on lymphocytes T and B in children's hypertrophied adenoids, which are sick on the otitis media with effusion].

INTRODUCTION: Otitis media with effusion (WZU) is highly prevalent among young children. The hypertrophied adenoid favorables to development (WZU). The pharyngeal tonsil delivers the essential lymphocytes for developed immunological answer. The migrations of lymphocytes to pharyngeal tonsil and to places inflammatory proceed with part of adhesive molecules (CD11a, CD54) presented on lymphocytes. The aim of this study was examination the percentage of the lymphocytes CD4+, CD8+ and lymphocytes B with expression of adhesion molecules ICAM-1 (CD54) and LFA-1 (CD11a). We examined their expression in hypertrophied adenoid by children with otitis media with effusion. MATERIAL AND METHODS RESULTS: In investigations was showed statistically significant decrease of percentage of lymphocytes CD4+CD11a+ and CD8+CD11a+ and increase of percentage of lymphocytes CD19+CD54+ in otitis media with effusion in comparison to group with hypertrophied adenoid. CONCLUSIONS: Molecule adhesive ICAM-1 and LFA-1 fulfills important part in many immunological processes proceed to pharyngeal tonsil. The considerably lower percentage of lymphocytes T CD4+ and CD8+ with expression LFA-1 in hypertrophied adenoids is possibly of causes of incorrect their immunological answer, and the same factor favourables to prolonging the otitis media with effusion at children.

Adenoidectomy↗