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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Interendothelial junctions and their role in the control of angiogenesis, vascular permeability and leukocyte transmigration.

Endothelial cell-cell junctions play an important role in vascular hemostasis. The two junctional proteins VE-cadherin and JAM-1 are localized at adherens and tight junctions, respectively. VE-cadherin is only expressed by endothelial cells, suggesting that it can exert cell specific function. Absence of VE-cadherin or blocking of its adhesive activity prevents a normal organization of new vascular structures, suggesting that VE-cadherin may be a molecular target of antiangiogenic therapy. In addition, the ability of permeability-increasing agents and adherent leukocytes to modify VE-cadherin/catenin organization may be related to a role in the control of vascular permeability and leukocyte infiltration. JAM-1 is an integral membrane protein expressed in endothelial and epithelial cells. Its extracellular domain can dimerize and bind homophilically. The intracellular domain (and in particular a PDZ-binding motif) enables JAM-1 to interact with structural and signaling proteins. Study of the molecular interactions of JAM-1 may help explain mechanisms of JAM-mediated function, such as control of paracellular permeability and leukocyte transmigration.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Indonesian transmigration discredited].

The Indonesian program of transmigration is described and evaluated. "The article goes into the aspect of national integrity or security, especially with regard to Irian Yaya, and the negative consequences of wild migration and the actions of the military forces for the original population of this region." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Asia↗
PubMed1998

Remittances and circulation behavior in the livelihood process: transmigrant families in South Sumatra, Indonesia.

The impact of migrant remittances in Indonesia is examined using data gathered in interviews undertaken in 21 households and with village leaders participating in the transmigration program in Cinta Karya, Sumatra, Indonesia. "Our findings illustrate that remittance behavior is spatially controlled and temporally variable, as families balance their labor and capital resources among farm production, local industry and investments, and the often unpredictable nature of circulation employment and remittances. We emphasize the linked and recursive nature of elements in the livelihood process and the related importance of temporal family dynamics in decision-making strategies."

Asia↗
PubMed2003

Transmigration of mandibular permanent canine in a Nigerian patient: presentation and management.

A rare dental anomaly--transmigration is presented in a 12-year-old female Nigerian who was referred for orthodontic assessment. A right mandibular canine was found completely located in the left side of the body of the mandible having moved ectopically and progressively from its normal developmental site through the symphysis of the mandible. The importance of the radiological diagnosis with the use of panoramic radiograph is highlighted and the management briefly discussed.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of malaria in native and transmigrant populations. Effects of age and history of exposure.

A malaria prevalence study was performed in a village in Irian Jaya, Indonesia, that contains a population of people who have been exposed lifelong to hyperendemic malaria and another population of people who had arrived 18 months previously from areas of very low endemicity. Mean spleen sizes correlated positively with prevalence of malaria, not resistance to it. Prevalence of sexual and asexual blood stage parasites was higher in transmigrants than in the natives. The data also show that clinical resistance to malaria in this part of the world includes resistance to Plasmodium falciparum gametocytemia and that this is not the passive byproduct of a reduction in asexual parasites. This indicates that the introduction of native people into a populated malarious area will increase the percent of gametocyte carriers and may, thereby, increase the entomologic inoculation rate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Effect of chlorpromazine on transmigration of mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase in rat liver.

Cholestatic liver injury was experimentally induced in rats by administration of chlorpromazine (CPZ). The peak activity of mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (AST) released in serum was found to precede the peak of total AST activity. The liver mitochondria obtained from rats treated with CPZ was fractionated into two subfractions: one containing the intermembrane space, and the other containing the matrix and the membranes. As a results, the relative activity of AST in the intermembrane space was significantly increased at 12 h after CPZ administration. This result suggests that mitochondrial AST, which is dominantly located in the mitochondrial matrix, transmigrated to the intermembrane space via the inner membrane under the effect of CPZ administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of netilmicin in rats (IV). Distribution in kidney and transmigration to fetus or suckling (author's transl)].

Distribution in kidney and transmigration to fetus or suckling in rats were studied in male, pregnant or lactating rats after intramuscular administration of 14C-netilmicin (20 mg/kg). 1. After administration to male rats, the radioactivity in the kidney declined slowly with a half-life of approximately 6 days. 2. The radioactivity in the kidney was distributed in the renal cortex. The distribution pattern was further investigated by means of microautoradiography. The radioactivity was specifically observed in lysosomal granules of the proximal tubules at 6 hours after administration and reached maximum at 24 hours after administration, then declined gradually. On the other hand, the radioactivity in the distal tubules was lower than that of the proximal tubules. The highest radioactivity in the distal tubules was detected later than 24 hours after administration. 3. In pregnant rats (20th day of gestation), the distribution of radioactivity in the tissues were almost the same as those in the male rat. The small amount of radioactivity was detected in the fetal kidney and bone. 4. In mother rats (14 days after parturition), the radioactivity in the milk was 3 approximately 4 mcg equivalent of netilmicin/ml during 24 hours after administration. The small amount of radioactivity (0.13% of dose) was observed in the gastrointestinal contents of a suckling with 6 hours after administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Initial interaction of leukocytes within the microvasculature: deformability, adhesion, and transmigration.

Sequestration and migration of neutrophils in response to acute inflammation involve sequential steps, including delivery of cells to the site of inflammation, sequestration within the microvasculature, adhesion, and transmigration out of the vascular space into interstitial tissues. Soluble mediators released in the inflammatory milieu and into the circulation cause profound changes in leukocytes, both circulating and sequestered, as well as in the vascular endothelium promoting this leukocyte sequestration and adhesion. Although common mechanisms exist regulating leukocyte sequestration in the systemic and pulmonary microcirculations, important differences are also apparent. Alterations in cellular deformability appear to be most important in sequestration of neutrophils in the pulmonary capillaries because of the unique geometric and hydrodynamic conditions in the pulmonary microcirculation. Neutrophils undergo dramatic morphologic and functional alteration not only during these processes, but as a consequence of them. This can lead to the release of a substantive armamentarium of toxic mediators from activated leukocytes, including reactive oxygen species via the oxidative burst and secretion of proteolytic enzymes contained within granules. These toxic compounds can have profound and detrimental effects on host tissues, leading to pulmonary dysfunction and multiorgan failure.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Transmigration of mandibular canines: a review of the literature and report of two cases.

Transmigration of mandibular canines across the midline is rare. Two 14-year-old female patients from South India were found to exhibit this phenomenon. In one patient, the mandibular right canine had crossed the midline and migrated to the left, up to the mesial root apex of the permanent first molar, near the lower border of the mandible. In the other patient, the permanent mandibular left canine had crossed the midline and migrated up to the root of the mandibular right canine. Both of these patients are being observed regularly for further migration. The literature on this rare condition is reviewed and its etiologic possibilities and treatment modalities are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Transmigration routes and a delayed systemic hypotension in rats after intraperitoneal injection of endotoxin from Escherichia coli.

An intraperitoneal injection of endotoxin (ETX; 3 mg/kg) to rats caused gradual decrease in the systemic arterial blood pressure for up to 3 hr, together with decrease in heart rate, increase in hematocrit, and changes in the core temperature (an initial increase and a subsequent decrease). Pretreatment of rats with indomethacin (10 mg/kg, p.o.) prevented the decrease in the systemic blood pressure and the changes in other three parameters. The intraperitoneal injection of ETX also induced a gradual increase in exudation of plasma for up to 3 hr, with increased levels of prostaglandin (PG) E2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in the peritoneal exudate. Indomethacin inhibited the exudation of plasma. The levels of ETX in the arterial and portal venous plasmas began to increase 5 min after the intraperitoneal injection of ETX, and reached levels on the order of micrograms per milliliter plasma 10-20 min after the injection. The levels of ETX in the right and left thoracic lymph nodes, but not in the mesenteric lymph nodes, increased in parallel with those in the systemic arterial plasma. In conclusion, the delayed hypotension may be attributable to the mesenteric vasodilatation induced by PGs generated in the peritoneal cavity, and the ETX injected entered the systemic circulation mainly through lymphatic vessels, but in the initial stage, a part of ETX may be transmigrated into portal vein through damaged intestine.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Salicylates inhibit adhesion and transmigration of T lymphocytes by preventing integrin activation induced by contact with endothelial cells.

The inhibition of cyclooxygenase does not fully account for the spectrum of activities of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. It is evident, indeed, that regulation of inflammatory cell function may contribute in explaining some of the effects of these drugs. Tissue recruitment of T cells plays a key role in the development of chronic inflammation. Therefore, the effects of salicylates on T-cell adhesion to and migration through endothelial cell monolayers on collagen were analyzed in an in vitro static system. Aspirin and sodium salicylate reduced the ability of unstimulated T cells to adhere to and transmigrate through cytokine-activated endothelium. Although salicylates did not modify the expression of integrins on T cells, they blunted the increased adherence induced by the anti-beta2 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) KIM127 and prevented the appearance of an activation-dependent epitope of the CD11/CD18 complex, recognized by the MoAb 24, induced by contact with endothelial cells. Salicylates also induced an increase of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) and activation of protein kinase C (PKC) in T cells, but not cell proliferation and interleukin (IL)-2 synthesis. The reduction of T-cell adhesiveness appears to be dependent on the increase in[Ca2+]i levels, as it could be reversed by blocking Ca2+ influx, but not by inhibiting PKC. Moreover, ionomycin at concentrations giving an increase in [Ca2+]i similar to that triggered by aspirin, strictly reproduced the T-cell phenotypic and functional changes induced by salicylates. Aspirin reduced T-cell adhesion and migration also ex vivo after infusion to healthy volunteers. These data suggest that the antiinflammatory activity of salicylates may be due, at least in part, to an interference with the integrin-mediated binding of resting T lymphocytes to activated endothelium with consequent reduction of a specific T-cell recruitment into inflammatory sites.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed1998

Chemokine-induced monocyte transmigration requires cdc42-mediated cytoskeletal changes.

The ras-related small GTPases of the rho family coordinate the assembly of complex cytoskeletal structures crucial for cell motility and polarization. Cdc42 controls filopodia formation in some cell types; however, other physiological functions, agonists and subsequent signaling cascades remain to be elucidated. Expression of cdc42 mutants in monocytic cells showed that CC chemokines regulate the rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton via cdc42, i.e. formation of filopodia-like projections was induced by CC chemokines or dominant active cdc42, while dominant inactive cdc42 prevented its stimulation with CC chemokines. Both cdc42 mutants inhibited CC chemokine-induced monocyte migration across bare filters or across filters coated with endothelium, implicating cdc42 activity and its effector functions in chemotaxis. In contrast, cdc42 mutants did not affect the rho-dependent activation integrin avidity by CC chemokines. The chemokine-induced signaling pathways involved phosphoinositide 3-kinase upstream of cdc42, as shown by inhibition of cytoskeletal reorganization with wortmannin. These data identify CC chemokines as physiological agonists of cdc42 and reveal its functional importance in chemotaxis and extravasation of monocytes.

Actins↗
PubMed2002

Novel mechanistic concepts for the control of leukocyte transmigration: specialization of integrins, chemokines, and junctional molecules.

The emigration of leukocytes from the circulation is a critical step during immune surveillance and inflammatory reactions and is governed by a coordinated interplay involving a spectrum of adhesion and signal molecules. As the original multistep model of leukocyte trafficking undergoes continuous revision and refinement, the identification of additional molecules and the emergence of novel concepts for their intricately overlapping functions indicate that this process is still not completely understood. Early studies defining the multistep model described the rapid transition of selectin-mediated leukocyte rolling into integrin-dependent arrest followed by transendothelial diapedesis. It has become apparent that highly specialized chemoattractive cytokines termed chemokines and their heptahelical receptors are involved in the emigration of leukocytes not only by inducing chemotaxis but also by regulating integrins to trigger cell arrest in shear flow. In light of the enormously pleiotropic role of integrins and chemokines in vertebrate biology, this review summarizes and highlights selected aspects of currently evolving concepts refining the multistep model: (a) the differential activation of integrin avidity by chemokines and its implications, (b) the functional specialization of chemokines and their receptors in leukocyte recruitment, and (c) the multilayered molecular "zipper" controlling the completion of diapedesis at interendothelial junctions.

Animals↗