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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

A new method for teaching the repair of perineal trauma of birth.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Repair of perineal birth trauma is one of the most common surgical techniques in pregnancy care. Because of the three-dimensional nature of the required repair, students and residents often have difficulty learning this procedure. METHODS: We developed a new method to teach learners the repair of second-degree perineal birth trauma by using a simple three-dimensional model. We evaluated resident learning by testing their performance 8 months after training with the model. RESULTS: Surveyed residents who participated in the training reported having used the learned skills and having an improved understanding of the three-dimensional aspect of the repair. Eight months after the initial teaching session, learners were able to consistently perform the simulation and rated it to be superior to learning from textbooks. CONCLUSION: Repair of postdelivery perineal tears can be taught with a simple teaching model.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1996

[Methods of sex selection. A new method for preventing genetic diseases].

Determining sex of offspring has been a subject of intense interest for the public and professional community. Although methods of selecting sex before concepts are not entirely reliable, couples could satisfy their wishes for the size and composition of their family and the children might benefit by being wanted. On the other hand, the ability to selectively separate X from Y chromosome-bearing spermatozoa and use the X spermatozoa to preferentially produce female offspring; could be reduce, or may even eliminate, the probability of conceiving affected males of X-linked diseases.

Genetic Diseases, Inborn↗
PubMed1976

[The controlled TUR: a new method for the measurement of intraoperative blood-loss during TUR (author's transl)].

The measurement of intraoperative blood-loss during TUR is concerned as a compulsory procedure for this kind of operation. After testing so far known methods for measuring blood-volume in blood-water-mixtures and demonstrating greater disadvantages of these methods, we developed a new photometer, which allows an immediate and exact estimation of the blood-loss. We compared this new method with other also exact but more complicated methods, had laboratory tests and tests in the daily operative routine and excluded possible mistakes.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

A new method for relating behavior to neuronal activity in performing monkeys.

A new method is presented for the analysis and interpretation of data from single neuronal recording in behaving monkeys. Most current methods relate changes in neuronal activity to behavior by constructing rasters and histograms centered on specific previously defined behavioral events whose relevance to neuronal activity cannot be determined beforehand. As a consequence false conclusions may result. The new method aligns rasters and histograms of neuronal activity relative to patterns inherent in the neuronal activity irrespective of the animal's behavior. The behavior is then related to the neuronal activity. This frees interpretation from a priori notions as to the relevant behavior. The method also determines the variability of temporal latencies between changes in neuronal activity and any behavioral event on an individual trial by trial basis. With the assumption that the latencies will be least variable between the change in neuronal activity and the most relevant behavioral event, the relatedness of neuronal activity changes to behavior can be tested so that physiological conclusions can be inferred. The same method and subsequent analyses can be applied to electromyographic activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

New method for assessing changes in growth and sexual dimorphism in paleoepidemiology.

This paper has three goals. First, traditional methods used for analyzing growth disruption (GD) and sexual dimorphism (SD) in prehistoric skeletal populations are critiqued. Second, a new method, using adult vertebrae, is presented which helps overcome these limitations. Third, this new method is then tested in the Dickson Mounds skeletal population. Between A.D. 950 and 1300 this population underwent a transition from hunting and gathering (PreMississippian: PreMiss.) to maize horticulture (Mississippian: Miss.). Previous research has found a decrease in long bone length in Miss. children, but no difference in adults, or a change in SD. Could this be due to catch-up growth? In the adult skeleton vertebral neural canals (VNCs) size and vertebral body heights (VBHs) can easily be measured. VNCs generally cease growth by early childhood, whereas VBHs grow through young adulthood. This new method offers inference into prehistoric GD and SD previously thought impossible. For example, if VNCs are reduced, but not VBHs, it implies early GD with subsequent catch-up growth. If both VNCs and VBHs are reduced, GD was presumably chronic. Moreover, within this framework, preadult SD can be examined. Results from Dickson show that early GD was followed by catch-up growth. There was a significant change in SD, with females becoming smaller. They had chronic GD. Miss. males had early GD, followed by catch-up growth. Indeed, Miss. males, compared to PreMiss. males, had significantly larger VBHs. Together, these results suggest females lost, but males gained, social status. Thus, vertebral morphometrics may be an invaluable new tool for paleoepidemiologists.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[A new method of bone defect repairing after bone cyst curettage].

OBJECTIVE: To introduce a new method of bone defect repairing after bone cyst curettage. METHODS: Eight cases with bone cyst were treated with this new method. The pieces of autogenous periosteum were implanted into the hematoma within the enveloped bone defect created after the bone cyst curettage. Among these patients, there were 5 males and 3 females, aged from 14 to 36 years old. All the lesions located in the upper of femur except one being located in humerus. The results were evaluated through the postoperative radiological findings with the preoperative ones and analysis of clinical functions. RESULTS: All the patients were followed up for 2 to 11 years. X-ray films showed that osteogenesis developed well and that the enveloped bone defects had been repaired. No recurrence was found and the function of the affected limbs were maintained. CONCLUSION: Autogenous periosteum grafting is effective in the treatment of solitary bone cyst.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[New method of visual fields color division in diploptic treatment of strabismus].

A new method of color division of the visual fields based on polarized light interference is described. A new method for diploptic therapy of strabismus is developed, based on the above principle and possessing numerous advantages. The method was used in 38 patients with binocular disorders of various severity; binocular function improved in 18. The method is particularly effective in the patients with correct position of the eyes with bifoveal fusion on the synaptophore and parallel color test vision and in the patients with binocular vision and amblyobinopia.

Child↗
PubMed1985

Chronological metamorphosis of the auricular surface of the ilium: a new method for the determination of adult skeletal age at death.

A new method for the determination of adult skeletal age at death based upon chronological changes in the auricular surface of the ilium is presented. Formal stages have been constructed following extensive tests and refinements in observations made of such changes. Two completely "blind" tests were conducted to assess the accuracy and bias of the new method. Results show that the system is equally accurate to pubic symphyseal aging (although somewhat more difficult to apply), and also carries the advantages of a higher preservation rate for the auricular surface in archaeological populations and continued age-related change beyond the fifth decade.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A new method for measurement of airway occlusion pressure.

Airway occlusion pressure correlates with central respiratory drive. The airway occlusion pressure (P0.1) may be an excellent predictor of the ability of patients with obstructive lung disease to wean from mechanical ventilation. We describe a new method for measuring P0.1 using digitized signals generated from standard respiratory equipment and a computer program to automatically determine P0.1 values. The accuracy of this new method was tested by comparison with standard analog recorder methods using a mechanical lung model, in ventilated patients in an intensive care unit, and in normal volunteers. In all settings, excellent correlation was obtained between P0.1 measurements by the digital Servo and standard analog methods (r = 0.99). This new method permits accurate and automatic determination of P0.1 in ventilated patients using standard respiratory equipment. The rapid response and ease of use of this method should enable evaluation of a number of physiologic variables involved in respiratory control in ventilated and nonventilated patients.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed2005

A new method for measuring total coronary blood flow using the lithium dilution method.

BACKGROUND: The aim in this study is to evaluate a new method of measuring total coronary blood flow (TCBF) in (1) an in vitro model and in (2) an animal model by the lithium dilution method. METHODS: (1) Ringer's solution was circulated in a closed circuit with the main flow as a systemic circulation, and the side flow as a coronary circulation by a roller pump. Two peaks originating from the main and side flow were recorded by the lithium dilution method. The flow was calculated using the Fick principle based on the ratio of the areas under the curve. The validity of this method was evaluated by Bland Altman analysis. (2) Four beagles were anesthetized and subjected to insertion of two pulmonary artery catheters. The position of the catheters was confirmed as being in the pulmonary artery and in the right atrium. Lithium chloride solution was injected into the pulmonary artery and the change in lithium concentration at the right atrium was recorded. TCBF was estimated by the method used in the in vitro study. RESULTS: (1) The calculated flow correlated well with the actual flow (r2 = 0.86). (2) The estimated TCBF at baseline, with low-dose nitroglycerin, and with high-dose nitroglycerin was 206 +/- 43.0 mL/min, 304 +/- 50.3 mL/min, and 348 +/- 50.1 mL/min, respectively (mean +/- SE). TCBF was significantly increased by nitroglycerin infusion. CONCLUSION: A new method of measuring TCBF using the lithium dilution method was reliable and useful both in vitro and in an animal model. This may be clinically useful method for measuring TCBF.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

A new method for the estimation of mutans streptococci in human saliva.

A new method for quantitating the numbers of mutans streptococci in saliva--the "Strip mutans" test--was developed. It includes the following steps: A prepared plastic spatula is contaminated with saliva, transferred to a selective broth, incubated for two days, and dried. A predetermined area is counted or evaluated for CFUs of mutans streptococci. The medium contains sucrose to promote adhesion of mutans streptococci to the strip. Bacitracin, added just before use, is the basis for the selectivity. Results with the new medium were compared with those from the "spatula technique" and with those from conventional saliva sampling with dilution. The studies involved 302 and 60 schoolchildren, respectively. There was a highly significant correlation between the results from the new method and those from conventional methods. The strip mutans test is easy to used and has long shelf-life, and the spatulas with adherent colonies can be saved for future comparisons.

Child↗
PubMed1996

Right ventricular stiffness measured by a new method without volume estimation in coronary artery disease.

This study was designed to measure the right ventricular (RV) stiffness (delta P/ delta V) with a new method without estimating the RV volume itself. RV stiffness has rarely been measured due to the difficulty in estimating the RV volume. Without measuring RV volume itself, stiffness can be determined by measuring its volume change (delta V). Tricuspid filling flow volume, which is the diastolic RV delta V, is measurable by using Doppler echocardiography. Thus, RV stiffness may possibly be obtained from Doppler echocardiography combined with high-fidelity RV pressure. Subjects consisted of 8 controls, 8 patients with angina pectoris, 8 with anterior, 8 with posterior, and 8 with inferior prior myocardial infarction. Tricuspid annular dimension was measured by 2-dimensional echocardiography and the tricuspid annular area was calculated. Velocity-time integral of the tricuspid filling flow during the late diastole was measured by pulsed Doppler echocardiography. Then, the late diastolic RV delta V was obtained as the product of the tricuspid annular area and the integral. The late diastolic RV pressure rise (delta P) was also measured with a micromanometer catheter. The RV elastic chamber stiffness constant ([delta P/ delta V]/P) was obtained by dividing simple stiffness by the mean RV pressure during late diastole. The RV elastic chamber stiffness constant did not significantly differ among controls, patients with angina pectoris, and those with anterior and posterior myocardial infarction (0.0054 +/- 0.0009 vs 0.0057 +/- 0.0018 vs 0.0064 +/- 0.002 vs 0.0052 +/- 0.0019 ml-1). However, it was significantly increased in patients with inferior myocardial infarction (0.010 +/- 0.004 ml-1, p < 0.01 or 0.05) compared with those in the other 4 groups. These results suggest (1) that RV stiffness can be measured with a new method without RV volume estimation, and (2) that this new method is useful in evaluating RV diastolic pathophysiology in patients with coronary artery disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1970

A new method for the measurement of thyroidal iodine release in man.

A new method is described for the detection of variations in the release rate of all iodinated products by the thyroid gland in man. (125)I was employed to endogenously label the thyroid gland, and a parenterally administered (131)I thyroxine dose was used to generate a (131)I reference source. Thyroidal iodine release activity was quantitatively assessed by the measurement of variations in (125)I/(131)I ratio values obtained in timed urine samples. Diurnal variation in thyroid release patterns was observed in euthyroid subjects which was promptly suppressed by exogenous triiodothyronine administration and was simulated by the intramuscular injection of 0.25-0.50 U of bovine thyrotropin. The zenith value occurred at 4:00 a.m. +/-3.4 hr (SD) and the nadir at 5:00 p.m. +/-3.6 hr. The absence of a diurnal pattern in patients with thyrotoxicosis and in secondary hypothyroidism indicated that this diurnal fluctuation was under thyrotropin (TSH) regulation. This new method also promises to be a useful tool for the study of the intrathyroidal recycling of iodide from the iodotyrosine pool and the detection of factors which may acutely alter thyroid function.

Circadian Rhythm↗
PubMed2001

Calculation of the air concentrations of serially decaying nuclides--a new method applied to radon progeny.

A new calculation method is presented for determining the air concentrations of any serially decaying nuclides. This new method is easily incorporated into a Basic or spreadsheet program that is used to record the decay data. Specifically, the measurements were designed to illustrate radon progeny from a filter sample that is gross-alpha counted. The method is based on regressing the decay data, recorded in 1-min intervals, on the time after the end of sampling with an equation that describes the alpha activity as a function of the decay exponentials, e-lambdat. The results from both generated data and experimental filter samples were compared to the results obtained by two other well-known methods. All the methods give comparable estimates for the progeny air concentrations; non-linear regression and weighting by variances produces the smallest error estimates with the method presented here.

Air Pollutants, Radioactive↗
PubMed2000

A new method for determining prismatic effects in cylindrical spectacle corrections.

This study presents a new method of finding differential prismatic effects in an anisometropic spectacle correction containing cylindrical lenses. The calculations are based on dynamic spectacle magnifications rather than Prentice's rule. If an imaginary circular object is considered, cylindrical lenses will produce elliptical far point images, which can be superimposed on the spectacle plane for comparison. The difference between left and right ellipses, in any meridian, then represents the distance the eyes have to diverge in order to fuse the object of regard. This distance can be translated into prism diopters of differential prismatic effect. Although the conventional methods for finding this effect often result in very large errors, the new method can be performed with great accuracy. In part, this is because it uses the actual eccentricities of the two eyes rather than an assumed average eccentricity. Moreover, the method includes considerations of base curves and center thickness. Contrary to the classical methods, it can thus be applied to clinically realistic lenses.

Anisometropia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intrarater reliability of a new method and instrumentation for measuring passive supination and pronation: a preliminary study.

Because of the clinical impression that traditional forearm goniometry has several potential sources of error and is therefore inherently unreliable, a new method using a newly designed goniometer was compared with traditional forearm passive range-of-motion goniometry. The new method utilized an offset face with a plumbline design and a patient-held tubular handle. Thirty orthopedic patients (31 wrists) were measured by three experienced hand therapists in a test-retest protocol to determine the reliability of both the traditional and new methods. Both the intraclass correlation coefficients and standard error of the measure showed improved scores with the new goniometric technique, compared with the traditional one. The differences between methods may not be clinically significant.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[New method for the determination of anti-lactoferrin activity of microorganisms].

A new method for the determination of the antilactoferrin activity (ALfA) of microorganisms, based on the detection of lactoferrin by the enzyme immunoassay, is proposed. The new method widens the spectrum of microorganisms to be tested, makes it possible to detect lactoferrin inactivation by bacteria producing antagonistically active substances (muramidases, organic acids, hydrogen peroxide, etc.), increases the reliability of the determination of the ALfA antilactoferrin activity of microorganisms due to the increased accuracy of its quantitative characterization. Testing of the culture fluid for lactoferrin following the growth of microorganisms in a medium with this protein revealed the capacity to inactivate lactoferrin in bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp.) and yeast-like fungi (Candida sp.), isolated from feces and clinical material, of persons with carrier states, dysbiotic disturbances and pyoinflammatory diseases.

Candida↗
PubMed1997

Consensus methods in practice guideline development: a review and description of a new method.

Practice guidelines are an increasingly important means of conveying to practitioners and administrators the most appropriate methods of treating patients. Although the development of practice guidelines relies on scientific evidence, the consensus of expert opinion is an important ingredient, particularly in many key areas of clinical decision making that are insufficiently informed by experimental data. The authors review current methods in the assessment of expert opinion for practice guideline development and the problem of the lack of quantification. A new method is presented for quantification of expert opinion on surveys, and the development of expert consensus practice guidelines from the resulting data.

Clinical Medicine↗