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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Rationale and design of a large-scale trial using nicorandil as an adjunct to percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction: Japan-Working groups of acute myocardial infarction for the reduction of Necrotic Damage by a K-ATP channel opener (J-WIND-KATP).

BACKGROUND: The benefits of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are limited by reperfusion injury. In animal models, nicorandil, a hybrid of an ATP-sensitive K(+) (KATP) channel opener and nitrates, reduces infarct size, so the Japan-Working groups of acute myocardial Infarction for the reduction of Necrotic Damage by a K-ATP channel opener (J-WIND-KATP) designed a prospective, randomized, multicenter study to evaluate whether nicorandil reduces myocardial infarct size and improves regional wall motion when used as an adjunctive therapy for AMI. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty-six hospitals in Japan are participating in the J-WIND-KATP study. Patients with AMI who are candidates for PCI are randomly allocated to receive either intravenous nicorandil or placebo. The primary end-points are (1) estimated infarct size and (2) left ventricular function. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that may be associated with the function of KATP-channel and the susceptibility of AMI to the drug will be examined. Furthermore, a data mining method will be used to design the optimal combined therapy for post-myocardial infarction (MI) patients. CONCLUSIONS: It is intended that J-WIND-KATP will provide important data on the effects of nicorandil as an adjunct to PCI for AMI and that the SNPs information that will open the field of tailor-made therapy. The optimal therapeutic drug combination will also be determined for post-MI patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Rationale and design of a large-scale trial using atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) as an adjunct to percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction: Japan-Working groups of acute myocardial infarction for the reduction of Necrotic Damage by ANP (J-WIND-ANP).

BACKGROUND: The benefits of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are limited by reperfusion injury. In animal models, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) reduces infarct size, so the Japan-Working groups of acute myocardial Infarction for the reduction of Necrotic Damage by ANP (J-WIND-ANP) designed a prospective, randomized, multicenter study, to evaluate whether ANP as an adjunctive therapy for AMI reduces myocardial infarct size and improves regional wall motion. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty hospitals in Japan will participate in the J-WIND-ANP study. Patients with AMI who are candidates for PCI are randomly allocated to receive either intravenous ANP or placebo administration. The primary end-points are (1) estimated infarct size (Sigmacreatine kinase and troponin T) and (2) left ventricular function (left ventriculograms). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that may be associated with the function of ANP and susceptibility of AMI will be examined. Furthermore, a data mining method will be used to design the optimal combinational therapy for post-MI patients. CONCLUSIONS: J-WIND-ANP will provide important data on the effects of ANP as an adjunct to PCI for AMI and the SNPs information will open the field of tailor-made therapy. The optimal therapeutic drug combination will also be determined for post-MI patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Reduction of mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) attacks on a human subject by combination of wind and vapor-phase DEET repellent.

In a Central Michigan wetland setting, air drawn through a DEET-impregnated screen using an electric fan and projected toward a human subject significantly reduced mosquito orientation by 74%, landing by 75%, and probing by 70%, relative to no applied wind or DEET. The DEET vapor effect was significant as revealed by a statistically significant wind/DEET interaction. The wind speed at the downwind human subject was 0.6 m/s and the DEET vapor concentration was estimated at 2 microg/liter air. We suggest a combination of directed wind and volatile repellent might be developed as a mosquito deterrent strategy for the backyard setting.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Wind protection effects and airflow patterns in outside feedlots.

Steers were finished in three different sets of outside lots: 1) pens with overhead shelter on the north side; 2) pens south and southeast of a shelterbelt; and 3) pens with no shelter or windbreak. In trials conducted over a 3-yr period with predominantly British and British x Continental crossbred yearlings, performance improvements due to providing shelter or wind protection in the winter were not detected; however, in the summer, providing wind protection or shelter resulted in decreased (P < .10) cattle gains. Cattle fed in the unprotected area had greater (P < .05) fat thickness in the winter and greater marbling scores in the winter (P < .05) and autumn (P < .10) than cattle fed in protected areas. When averaged across facilities, season effects were detected for DMI (autumn > summer > winter > spring; P < .05). Feed:gain ratios followed a similar trend among seasons (summer and autumn > winter > spring P < .05). As a percentage of BW, winter (2.21), spring (2.19), and summer (2.18) DMI were less (P < .05) than autumn (2.35) DMI. Wind velocity data indicated that greater air flows tends to be found on mounds and less at the feedbunk in pens protected by shelterbelts. In unprotected, unsheltered pens, the greater airflow tends to be at the highest point in the pen (bunks and mounds). In Nebraska, benefits realized from feeding cattle in sheltered or protected areas under average or slightly milder than average winter weather conditions may be offset by lower performance experienced by cattle fed in those same areas in the summer. In addition, fat deposition seems to be enhanced in cattle exposed to moderate cold stress.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

The effects of wind and human movement on the heat and vapour transfer properties of clothing.

This paper integrates the research presented in the papers in this special issue of Holmér et al. and Havenith et al. [Holmér, I., Nilsson, H., Havenith, G., Parsons, K. C. (1999) Clothing convective heat exchange: proposal for improved prediction in standards and models. Annals of Occupational Hygiene, in press; Havenith, G., Holmér, I., den Hartog, E. and Parsons, K. C. (1999) Clothing evaporative heat resistance: proposal for improved representation in standards and models. Annals of Occupational Hygiene, in press] to provide a practical suggestion for improving existing clothing models so that they can account for the effects of wind and human movement. The proposed method is presented and described in the form of a BASIC computer program. Analytical methods (for example ISO 7933) for the assessment of the thermal strain caused by human exposure to hot environments require a mathematical quantification of the thermal properties of clothing. These effects are usually considered in terms of 'dry' thermal insulation and vapour resistance. This simple 'model' of clothing can account for the insulation properties of clothing which reduce heat loss (or gain) between the body and the environment and, for example, the resistance to the transfer of evaporated sweat from the skin, which is important for cooling the body in a hot environment. When a clothed person is exposed to wind, however, and when the person is active, there is a potentially significant limitation in the simple model of clothing presented above. Heat and mass transfer can take place between the microclimate (within clothing and next to the skin surface) and the external environment. The method described in this paper 'corrects' static values of clothing properties to provide dynamic values that take account of wind and human movement. It therefore allows a more complete representation of the effects of clothing on the heat strain of workers.

Bias↗
PubMed2000

[Wind-damage effects on quality of heartwood of Lignum Santali Albi].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the wind-damage effects on quality of heartwood of Lignum Santali Albi. METHOD: GC-MS, TLC and pharmacodynamic test. RESULTS: The content of volatile oil from heartwood of Wind-damaged Lignum Santali Albi is 1.42%; the content of various components in the oil and the chromatography of different extracts are similar to those of reference drug and 25 years old trees. CONCLUSION: Wind-damage should accelerate the formation of heartwood of Lignum Santali Albi without influence on its quality.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multiple resonances among time structures, chronomes, around and in US. Is an about 1.3-year periodicity in solar wind built into the human cardiovascular chronome?

AIMS: Velocity changes in the solar wind, recorded by satellite (IMP8 and Wind) are characterized by a solar cycle dependent approximately 1.3-year component. The presence of any approximately 1.3-year component in human blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) and in mortality from myocardial infarction (MI) is tested and its relative prominence compared to the 1.0-year variation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Around the clock manual or automatic BP and HR measurements from four subjects recorded over 5 to 35 years and a 29-year record of mortality from MI in Minnesota were analyzed by linear-nonlinear rhythmometry. Point and 95% confidence interval (CI) estimates were obtained for the approximately 1.3-year period and amplitude. The latter is compared with the 1.0-year amplitude for BP and HR records concurrent to the solar data provided by one of us (JDR). RESULTS: An approximately 1.3-year component is resolved nonlinearly for MI, with a period of 1.23 (95% CI: 1.21; 1.26) year. This component was invariably validated with statistical significance for BP and HR by linear rhythmometry. Nonlinearly, the 95% CI for the 1.3-year amplitude did not overlap zero in 11 of the 12 BP and HR series. Given the usually strong synchronizing role of light and temperature, it is surprising that 5 of the 12 cardiovascular series had a numerically larger amplitude of the 1.3-year versus the precise 1.0-year component. The beating of the approximately 1.3-year and 1.0-year components was shown by gliding spectra on actual and simulated data. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The shortest 5-year record (1998-2003) revealed an approximately 1.3-year component closer to the solar wind speed period characterizing the entire available record (1994-2003) than that for the concurrent 5-year span. Physiological variables may resonate with non-photic environmental cycles that may have entered the genetic code during evolution.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Study on the wind field and pollutant dispersion in street canyons using a stable numerical method.

A stable finite element method for the time dependent Navier-Stokes equations was used for studying the wind flow and pollutant dispersion within street canyons. A three-step fractional method was used to solve the velocity field and the pressure field separately from the governing equations. The Streamline Upwind Petrov-Galerkin (SUPG) method was used to get stable numerical results. Numerical oscillation was minimized and satisfactory results can be obtained for flows at high Reynolds numbers. Simulating the flow over a square cylinder within a wide range of Reynolds numbers validates the wind field model. The Strouhal numbers obtained from the numerical simulation had a good agreement with those obtained from experiment. The wind field model developed in the present study is applied to simulate more complex flow phenomena in street canyons with two different building configurations. The results indicated that the flow at rooftop of buildings might not be assumed parallel to the ground as some numerical modelers did. A counter-clockwise rotating vortex may be found in street canyons with an inflow from the left to right. In addition, increasing building height can increase velocity fluctuations in the street canyon under certain circumstances, which facilitate pollutant dispersion. At high Reynolds numbers, the flow regimes in street canyons do not change with inflow velocity.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed2005

Variations in BOD, algal biomass and organic matter biodegradation constants in a wind-mixed tropical facultative waste stabilization pond.

This study considered the impact of wind mixing on the efficiency of BOD removal and the first order biodegradation constant for organic matter in a primary facultative pond. Wind speeds of 1-4 m/s blowing from the effluent end of the pond towards the influent created surface-water flows of up to 0.94 m/s as determined by orange and coconut drogues moving in the opposite direction to the bulk hydraulic flow of 0.217 m/s. This was sufficient to cause mixing of the water column resulting in loss of stratification in terms of chlorophyll a, temperature and dissolved oxygen. BOD and chlorophyll a concentrations were spatially and temporally homogeneous throughout this large pond. BOD removal efficiency was only 50.30% as opposed to a projected value of 79% despite an acceptable surface organic loading of 350 kgBOD5/ha/d and an actual k value for BOD removal using influent sewage samples of 0.29 d-1 close to the projected value of 0.30 d-1. It would seem that wind mixing reduced pond efficiency by destroying stratification and thus reducing the microbial activity necessary to consume organic material. Mixing also increased the mean chlorophyll a concentration compared to stratified facultative ponds receiving similar loads and non-motile algae dominated the water column.

Biodegradation, Environmental↗
PubMed2005

Determination of the sedimentation constants for total suspended solids and the algal component in a full-scale primary facultative pond operating at high wind velocities under tropical conditions.

This study evaluated the amount, distribution and sedimentation constant of solids in a full-scale primary facultative pond operating mostly under high wind conditions and the contribution made by the algal biomass. Solids deposition rates were measured using sedimentation traps placed in the inlet and outlet zones of the pond. Most sludge accumulation occurred, not surprisingly, in the inlet zone A1 with a sludge volume of 9072.m3 accumulating over an operating time of approximately 3 years. However, sludge deposition within this zone was uneven and affected by wind action. Mean proportionality constant (K) values for solids sedimentation were 3.02 and 5.70 for depths of 50 cm and 100 cm respectively for A1. In contrast in zone A3, (the outlet zone), reduced K values of 1.38 and 3.22 were obtained for depths of 50 cm and 100 cm respectively. The algal sedimentation constant varied from 0.8 d(-1) in zone A1 to 0.02 d(-1) in A3. These data suggest that in this large facultative pond the wind, blowing predominantly from the direction of the outlets towards the pond inlets, had a greater influence on solids deposition than the bulk hydraulic flow and also kept the pond completely mixed for most of the time.

Biomass↗
PubMed2005

[Importation of wind-driven drift of mat-like algae bloom into Meiliang Bay of Taihu Lake in 2004 summer].

Driven by the prevailing south wind in summer, floating mat-like algal blooms in the open area of Taihu Lake would drift into Meiliang Bay located in the northern part of Taihu Lake. An exponential relationship between wind speed and algal drift velocity was found through controlled flume experiments and field observations. Then the relationship was applied to compute drift importation into Meiliang Bay in six dates when mat-like algal blooms were happening. During the six dates, except on 2004-07-31 the algal boom drifted outwards from Meiliang Bay with slight amounts of 0.05 km2; for the rest of dates, the importations were inwards positive, the maximum importation occurred on 2004-06-11, being 17.4 km2, and the minimum importation on 2004-07-30, being 4.8 km2; The results indicated importation of wind-driven algae drift during 24 hours accounts for 3.7% - 13.3% of the area of Meiliang Bay.

China↗
PubMed2006

[Clinical observation on pricking blood therapy with three-edged-needle plus cupping on Bi-syndrome of wind-dampness type in yemenia].

OBJECTIVE: To observe clinical therapeutic effect of pricking blood therapy with three-edged-needle plus cupping on Bi-syndrome of wind-dampness type in Yemenia and compare with "Heigama", a traditional Arabic therapy. Methods Forty cases of Bi-syndrome of wind-dampness type were treated with pricking blood therapy with three edged needle plus cupping and 40 cases with "Heigama" for 3 weeks, once each week. RESULTS: The total effective rate in the two groups was 82.5% and 80.0% respectively, with no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Pricking blood therapy with three-edged-needle plus cupping of TCM has obvious therapeutic effect on Bi-syndrome of wind-dampness type in Yemenia, with more convenience than Arabic "Heigama".

Acupuncture Points↗
PubMed1989

Eastern equine encephalitis in Quebec and Connecticut, 1972: introduction by infected mosquitoes on the wind?

In 1972 there were outbreaks of eastern equine encephalitis in the Eastern Townships, Quebec, Canada and in Connecticut, USA. Climatic data including Northern Hemisphere synoptic charts were examined. The findings indicate that the virus could have been brought to Lac Brome by infected mosquitoes carried on surface winds from Meriden, Connecticut, on the night of August 22-23, 1972. The distance of 400 km would have been covered in 14-16 h at a speed of 25-30 km h-1 and at a temperature of 15 degrees C and higher. The first case was recorded 13 days later on September 5, 1972. The outbreak at Meriden, Connecticut started on August 21, 1972. On August 7, 1972 southwesterly winds blew along the Atlantic coast at heights up to 1.5 km. Infected mosquitoes could have been carried on the wind from Cape May, New Jersey, Delaware-Maryland-Virginia peninsula, North Carolina or Georgia. Flights would have been at 17 degrees-20 degrees C and lasted 5-6, 9-10, 14-16 and 20-26 h depending on the origin. The arrival on August 8, 1972 coincided with a cold front moving from the northwest through Connecticut. Culiseta melanura is regarded as the mosquito species most likely to have been involved in the transmission of infection.

Air Movements↗
PubMed1988

Presynaptic inhibition of identified wind-sensitive afferents in the cercal system of the locust.

The paired cerci located at the tip of the locust abdomen bear a large number of wind-sensitive filiform hairs, each of which sends an axon via the cercal nerve into the terminal ganglion of the CNS. The filiform afferents fire bursts of action potentials when their hairs are displaced by wind or mechanical stimuli. Filiform axon terminals in the CNS are depolarized concomitantly with the discharge of another type of unit (a primary afferent-depolarizing, or PAD, unit) recorded in the cercal nerve. The instantaneous spike frequency of PAD unit discharges matches the evoked depolarization very closely, and during such depolarizations spike amplitudes in the filiform afferent terminals are reduced by up to 55%. Depolarizing current pulses injected into the axonal terminals of an identified filiform afferent evoke spikes that are blocked by the PAD unit, probably via an intercalated interneuron. The PAD unit makes a monosynaptic connection with only one of the 4 giant interneurons (GIN 2) on each side of the terminal ganglion, and indirect connections with 2 others. Depolarizing current pulses injected into the neuropilar segments of GINs evoke fewer spikes when the PAD unit is active, consistent with the PAD unit's mediation of conductance changes in postsynaptic cells. Iontophoretic injection of Lucifer yellow shows the PAD unit to be an afferent with axon terminals overlapping those of filiform afferents and posteriorly directed branches of interneurons such as GIN 2 in the CNS. Passive movements of a cercus, monitored with a position transducer, show that the PAD unit fires discrete bursts during cercal displacement. The PAD unit most probably has its soma and dendrites in tissue spanning the cercal base. By responding to cercal movements sufficient to also activate filiform hairs, and by mediating conductance changes in both the presynaptic terminals of filiform afferents and the postsynaptic membranes of interneurons, the PAD unit desensitizes a pathway to movement-generated afferent input, and ensures that the locust remains sensitive to external wind stimuli.

Air Movements↗
PubMed1979

Tsetse movement in wind fields: possible epidemiological and entomological implications for trypanosomiasis and its control.

This paper presents evidence that tsetse flies (Glossina) can be dispersed by wind. This dispersal in West Africa is suggested to be along a south-west north-east axis. The implications of wind dispersal of Glossina for chemical and genetic control operations is discussed. Field experiments necessary to test this hypothesis are recommended. A study of human trypanosomiasis foci in West Africa has revealed that foci are orientated in roughly parallel lines in a south-west north-east direction. This directionally was significant when compared with 7 other compass points. It is proposed that foci could be populated by infected flies dispersed from the south west, where denser populations exist, on the prevailing winds in the late dry/early rainy season. The significance of these ideas in relation to the epidemiology of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense in Ethiopia and T. evansi are discussed.

Africa, Western↗
PubMed2003

Vaginal wind - a new pelvic symptom.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors, investigations and treatments for vaginal wind. A prospective longitudinal study was carried out at a tertiary care referral centre at St George's Hospital, London. Six consecutive women with symptomatic vaginal air were enrolled in the study, which used a comprehensive questionnaire for vaginal air, prolapse, urinary, bowel and sexual symptoms, vaginal examination following the Standardized ICS Scoring System for prolapse, physiotherapist evaluation, and analysis of the treatment. Main outcome measures were the effect of the patient's age, weight, parity, mode of delivery, fetal weight, and the treatment (conservative and surgical) on the frequency of vaginal wind. The mean age of the six women was 32.8+/-9.9 years (range 21-52), the mean BMI was 23.1+/-5.5 (range 15.2-32.2), all women were premenopausal and five were parous. The mean estimated frequency of the symptoms was 20.0+/-8.1 per day (range 10-40). All the patients completed a course of pelvic floor physiotherapy and one patient had a posterior repair and later a Fenton operation without improvement. A modified 'Bard' pessary was the main form of treatment and resolved the symptoms in two women. Vaginal wind causes significant distress and embarrassment to sufferers. Further information on risk factors, evaluation and treatment modalities should be obtained.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Plasticity in spinal nociception after peripheral nerve section: reduced effectiveness of the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 in blocking wind-up and central sensitization of the flexor reflex.

We have examined and compared the effects of systemically applied MK-801, an NMDA receptor/channel blocker, on the wind-up and facilitation of the flexor reflex during and after conditioning stimulation (CS) of C-afferents in rats with intact sciatic nerves or 13-16 days after axotomy. In rats with intact sciatic nerves, intravenous MK-801 (0.5 mg/kg) partially reduced wind-up and totally blocked reflex facilitation following C-fiber CS to the sural nerve. In contrast, 13-16 days after unilateral section of the sciatic nerve, the same dose of MK-801 failed to reduce the wind-up and reflex facilitation following C-fiber CS to the axotomized sural nerve, although the duration of reflex facilitation was significantly shortened. These findings indicate that the involvement of NMDA receptors in mediating activity-dependent spinal hyperexcitability is substantially reduced after peripheral nerve section, possibly reflecting a reduced release of glutamate by primary sensory afferents.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

A computer-controlled system for post-stimulus time histogram and wind-up studies.

A LabVIEW 2 virtual instrument (VI)-based system is described for stimulation of sensory fibers in peripheral nerves and analysis and storage of electrophysiological data recorded from the spinal cord. The system utilizes a commercially available multifunction data acquisition (input/output; I/O) board, graphical programming environment and custom built VIs. Electrical stimuli are triggered by the I/O board and delivered at C-fiber strength to the receptive field of a multireceptive dorsal horn neuron. The stimulus frequency can be chosen between 0.1 and 1 Hz. Extracellular action potentials are recorded with a compound recording/iontophoresis carbon-fiber microelectrode and sampled by the I/O board. Post-stimulus time histograms (PSTH) are computed to visualize the preferred times of neuronal firing evoked by A- and C-fiber inputs. Responses of the neuron to repetitive stimulation are analyzed by their latency relative to the stimulus and plotted against the stimulus number. Wind-up, the progressive potentiation of C fiber-evoked response per stimulus, is increased by NMDA and decreased by MK-801 when each is applied by microiontophoresis. The system is well suited to perform combined PSTH and wind-up analysis on-line as well as to examine previously recorded data off-line. Principles of operation and diagrams of greater importance are explained in detail. To illustrate system operation, sample recordings, PSTH and wind-up analyses from a dorsal horn neuron are presented. The software is available from the author.

Action Potentials↗