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Results for “WATER POLLUTION”

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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1969

Microbial sulfate reduction and its potential utility as an acid mine water pollution abatement procedure.

The presence of high concentrations of sulfate, iron, and hydrogen (acid) ions in drainage from coal mines and other areas containing waste pyritic materials is a serious water pollution problem. Sulfate can be removed from solution by microbial reduction to sulfide and subsequent precipitation as FeS. A mixed culture of microorganisms degraded wood dust cellulose, and the degradation products served as carbon and energy sources for sulfate-reducing bacteria. Metabolism of carbon compounds resulted in a net pH increase in the system. Oxidation-reduction potential (Eh) and temperature and carbon supplements were studied in an effort to accelerate the sulfate reduction process, with the ultimate objective of utilizing the process as a pollution abatement procedure.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1986

A new micronucleus test using peripheral blood erythrocytes of the newt Pleurodeles waltl to detect mutagens in fresh-water pollution.

A model micronucleus test system using peripheral blood erythrocytes from larvae of Pleurodeles waltl is described. The most suitable larval stage for testing chemical treatments was determined. Larvae were reared in water containing one of the 4 compounds: benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS), diethyl sulphate (DES) and N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (ENNG). Response curves as a function of treatment duration over a period of 16 days were plotted for 3 different concentrations of the 4 compounds in order to optimize conditions for a low dose micronucleus test. This model can be used as a monitoring system for the detection of fresh water pollution and can also be employed for clastogen screening of chemical compounds. The test is sensitive, reliable and easy to use.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Multi-component analysis of polar water pollutants using sequential solid-phase extraction followed by LC-ESI-MS.

A multi-component screening analysis method for polar to medium-polar water pollutants was developed. Sample clean-up and group separation are performed by sequential solid-phase extraction (SSPE) using automated SPE with C18 and polymeric sorbent materials. Analyses are performed by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) using a single-quadrupole instrument. More than 90 priority compounds of environmental interest--comprising the most important chemical and substance classes: phenols, carboxylic acids, aromatic sulfonates, aromatic amines, pharmaceuticals, surfactants, dyes, and pesticides--have been chosen for the experiments. The compounds are divided by the SSPE procedure into 3 different polarity classes. The extraction recoveries were determined in the 3 fractions for every single substance, and were for most of the analytes in the range of 50-100%. A mixture of hexane-dichloromethane was used for the elution of nonpolar compounds like alkylphenols from C18. Methanol and acetone are well suited for the elution of more polar substances. The limits of detection (LODs) were determined for all compounds. Effluents from municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) treating waste water from textile industries; and the corresponding receiving waters (rivers and lakes) have been analysed with the developed method. Urban and industrial pollution was observed in rivers and streams in the area north of Milan, Italy. In the water samples different phenols (nitrophenols, bisphenol A, nonylphenol), alkylphenol ethoxylate surfactants, their metabolites with endocrine disrupting potential, aromatic sulfonates, linear alkylbenzenesulfonate surfactants, dyes, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and a dichlorobenzidine compound were identified.

Automation↗
PubMed1996

Induction of micronuclei in fish by polluted water and heavy metals.

Induction of micronuclei in five different species of fish from polluted sewage water and in fish exposed to heavy metals was investigated. The frequency of micronuclei was statistically significant in both the groups and among the five species tested, Lepidocephalus was found to be highly sensitive.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Alterations of cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase activities in Eriocheir japonicus in response to water pollution.

Eriocheir japonicus, fresh-water crabs inhabiting rivers and estuaries in Japan, were investigated for cytochrome P450 (CYP)-dependent drug-metabolizing enzyme activities to see if these activities reflect the river pollution gradient. From the laboratory dose-response experiments, we found that the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) 3-methylcholanthrene induced total CYP contents, ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase activity, and bunitrolol 4-hydroxylase activity in crab hepatopancreas. In the field studies, crabs collected from the river with the highest concentration of PAHs exhibited the highest levels of CYP, the highest activities of benzo[a]pyrene 3-hydroxylase, imipramine 2-hydroxylase, bunitrolol 4-hydroxylase, ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase, and the ability to metabolically activate benzo[a]pyrene, but erythromycin N-demethylase activity was not induced. The correlation between PAH levels and drug-metabolizing enzyme activities in female crabs were not as marked as in male crabs. The levels and activities of CYP did not appear to reflect the concentrations of organochlorines and polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (PCBs) studied in the fat of crab hepatopancreas.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Lemna (duckweed) as an indicator of water pollution. I. The sensitivity of Lemna paucicostata to heavy metals.

The environmental conditions affecting the growth and multiplication of Lemna paucicostata in the presence of heavy metals were examined to establish a phytometer method for water pollution using the duckweed, Lemna. The pH of the medium, concentration, and composition of the nutrient in the medium, and the temperature at which cultures were maintained, were found to affect the sensitivity of Lemna to heavy metals. Therefore, if the growth and multiplication of Lemna is maintained by a Bonner-Devirian's medium (pH 6.1, 7.1) above 25 degrees C, heavy metals can be detected in water.

Metals↗
PubMed2001

[Removal of NH4(+)-N from polluted water resources by bioremediation of biofilm process with elastic packing & micropore aerator].

The effect of NH4(+)-N removal in the polluted raw water of water sources by the bioremediation action of the biocontact oxidation process with the elastic packing and micropore aerator was studied in this paper. The research results showed the bioremediation process can reach a removal ratio of 64%-95% for NH4(+)-N of water sources under the condition of ordinary temperature 20 degrees C-27 degrees C, CODMn 7-14 mg/L, NH4(+)-N 0.7-2.0 mg/L in the water sources and the running parameters HRT 1.4 h, gas and water ratio 0.5:1, and DO 7-9 mg/L for the bioremediation process and a removal ratio of 40%-63% for NH4(+)-N of water sources under the condition of low temperature 7 degrees C-12 degrees C, CODMn 6-11 mg/L, NH4(+)-N 1.2-8.0 mg/L in the water sources and the running parameters HRT 1.4 h, gas and water ratio 0.5:1, and DO 8-10 mg/L for the bioremediation process.

Biofilms↗