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PubMedDate not supplied

Feasibility of interactive videodisc technology to teach minority youth about preventing HIV infection.

Hispanic and African American adolescents are more likely than white Anglo youth to harbor misconceptions about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and are also more likely to engage in intravenous drug use and sexual intercourse. This paper describes the development of an AIDS prevention curriculum that uses an interactive videodisc program to teach skills for interventions. Focus group and expert panel studies yielded suggests for intervention vignettes and scenes relevant to Hispanic and African American adolescents. The authors then developed and produced a sample curriculum, specifically designed for Hispanic youth. Content was designed to build knowledge, attitudes, and skills in handling situations where young persons are at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The feasibility of the finished pilot product was tested with adolescents and with professionals who serve ethnic and racial minority youth. Adults and Hispanic adolescent viewers rated the videodisc as enjoyable, interesting, and likely to achieve positive effects with the intended target population. Findings suggest that the interactive videodisc is a useful way to interest and help Hispanic adolescents learn ways of reducing their risk of contracting and spreading HIV infection through lifestyle practices. This developmental research in the use of interactive videodisc also provides a basis for further investigation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Optical technology: making the simulator portable.

Optical disc technology can be either analog or digital. Analog (videodiscs) simulation programs are available for the allied health professions educator to incorporate into the curriculum. Digital optical discs, currently available in three formats, follow standards that have been adopted by the International Standards Organization. The formats differ in the amount of information they can accommodate and their practical use in the health professions curriculum.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed1992

Instructional multimedia computing in the health sciences.

This article focuses on the development and utilization of interactive videodisc (IVD) and multimedia instruction in the health sciences. The characteristics of IVD and multimedia are outlined and the four levels of IVD systems that can be used in health science education are described. The advantages of utilization of videodisc or multimedia materials are presented, as well as instructional approaches. Potential applications such as simulations, tutorials, role-modeling, and drill-and-practice are described. Research findings, levels of curricular integration, instructional delivery, and courseware networking are also described. The article concludes with suggestions for institutional development of IVD materials or the incorporation of off-the-shelf programs into health science curricula.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1992

Multimedia for clinical education in myocardial perfusion imaging.

Interactive multimedia has many advantages as a presentation medium for diagnostic imaging case studies, particularly for teaching digital imaging techniques such as myocardial perfusion imaging. Multimedia documents may incorporate interactive audiovisual presentations, sophisticated diagnostic images, anatomical illustrations, and text in medical instructional materials. The article describes a multimedia teaching atlas of SPECT and planar myocardial perfusion imaging delivered on Apple Macintosh II microcomputers, and discusses some of the advantages of delivering medical educational materials with interactive multimedia techniques.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1992

A multipurpose teaching workstation using expert systems, CD ROM and interactive laserdisc.

This demonstration shows a multipurpose workstation used in a clinical teaching application which combines currently available software suitable for clinical diagnosis and teaching. The medical software includes QMR, Scientific American Medicine, the Slice of Life and generic video laserdisc authoring software developed at the University of Ottawa. The system allows a clinical instructor either in an individual or in a small group teaching setting on a ward or in a classroom, to access high quality differential diagnosis information via QMR, which is then supplemented by the text components of Scientific American Medicine on CD ROM, with video laserdisc of the appropriate anatomy, imagery and pathology provided by one of the various laserdiscs. The generic authoring software allows the instructor or students to construct subject related tutorial or testing modules either with or without video laserdisc support. The workstation uses DESQview as the multitasking environment to control the various resources. This program allows easy transfer from one application to another and allows for marking and pasting of text material into a study document. DESQview can also be used to script a specific learning sequence. The demonstration will show the interaction required to study a specific clinical problem and how this can be made into a meaningful multimedia experience with hardcopy for study purposes.

CD-ROM↗
PubMed2004

Development of activity monitoring for determining load carriage patterns in school students.

The loads that school students are carrying to, around and from school is an issue of increasing concern particularly as the long term effects of excessive load carriage on school students' musculoskeletal health is unknown. A greater understanding of the temporal patterns of students' load carriage, which usually involves backpacking, would assist in determining the magnitude of the problem that is faced by school students. The aim of this study was to determine the duration of school students' walking, running and stair climbing while backpacking and identify when students take off and put on their backpacks using activity monitoring and video, and therefore validate activity monitoring as a tool for measuring the temporal patterns of backpacking in school students. An activity monitor was secured in the backpacks of six school students while they completed a predefined physical activity course. Participants firstly completed the course following a set time pattern ('set course') and then repeated the course while performing activities as they pleased ('free course'). Video footage and activity monitor data were captured simultaneously. The activity monitor provided consistent visual differentiation between walking, running and taking off and putting on a backpack. The greatest variation between measures was for walking during the 'free course' (mean 8, SD 7 seconds), while the least variation between measures was for stair climbing during the 'set course' (mean 3, SD 2 seconds). There were no statistical differences between the activity monitor and video camera determined durations for any of the activities. These preliminary results suggest that activity monitoring may enable valid analysis of the temporal patterns of backpacking with little disruption to the user, although more work is required to verify this.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Preparing for communication interactions: the value of anticipatory strategies for adults with hearing impairment.

Some people with hearing impairment may use anticipatory strategies to prepare for an upcoming communication interaction, such as a doctor's appointment. They may consider vocabulary and statements that might occur, and they may practice speechreading a partner saying the items. Experiment 1 evaluated the effectiveness of two types of anticipatory strategies: workbook activities and situation-specific lipreading practice. Two groups of normal-hearing subjects were asked to prepare for a communication interaction in a bank setting where they would be required to recognize speech using only the visual signal. Each group was assigned to one type of anticipatory strategy. A third group served as a control group. Experiment 2 evaluated whether multifaceted anticipatory practice improved cochlear implant users' ability to recognize statements and words audiovisually that might occur in a doctor's office, bank, movie theater, and gas station. One group of implanted subjects received 4 days of training, 1 day for each setting, and a second group served as a control group. In both experiments, subjects who used anticipatory strategies did not improve their performance on situation-specific sentence tests more than the control subjects.

Cochlear Implants↗
PubMed1992

Designing a user interface and computer screens for instruction: some considerations.

Computer-assisted instruction and interactive videodisc are being used more often in allied health sciences education and medical training. Because computer graphics screens can enhance both legibility and readability, an effective computer interface for instruction is basic to the design and development of both. This article discusses guidelines on legibility, which includes the use of graphics, type and text, contrast, and color.

Color↗