SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “VOCATION”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources

PubMed1991

[Differences in health status of students from vocational education schools in the Katowice province].

Based on secondary statistical data, an analysis was made of health condition of vocational schools students remaining under medical care of industrial physicians in the Katowice province. Twenty-six thousand students schooled in 1985/86 and 1986/87 were examined. Six groups of schools were distinguished: mechanical, chemical, metallurgical, building and food processing. It was observed that 59% of students from the Katowice province vocational schools were healthy, 23% showed certain health disorders, and 18% remained under special observation. In the particular kinds of vocational schools percentage of students who did not need continual medical care varied between 47% in mechanical schools and 68% in building schools. The greatest number of students with health problems was found in mechanical schools (28%) and the smallest (17%)--in building and food processing schools.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

[Integration possibilities of graduates of the Vocational Retraining Center Heidelberg with mental handicaps].

Persons with chronic mental illness face particular difficulties in finding employment, a fact which is substantiated by the studies referred to in the present article. Placement outlook however is considerably improved by qualified vocational training. Of the 1984-87 programme participants with chronic mental illness of the BFW Heidelberg, the Heidelberg vocational retraining centre, some 60% were occupationally integrated 18 to 30 months after having completed their training. The majority of them had found employment appropriate to their training and disablement, felt neither under- nor over-strained, and were satisfied with their work. The share of occupationally integrated persons was lower when compared with programme participants with other disablements, yet hardly any differences were found relative to placement quality. The share of limited duration employment, however, was greater for those with chronic mental illness. Programme participation had entailed improvements in occupational status, income and/or life situation for about two thirds. Integration and rehabilitation outcomes above all are determined by the baseline situation present as well as by severity and chronicity of the condition. The diagnosis has hardly any influence on occupational course, but is highly relevant in respect of the expectations held and the opinions on what has been achieved. The value of vocational rehabilitation is indicated by the improvements attained vis-à-vis the initial situation, as well as by keeping in mind that great numbers of persons with chronic mental illness retire prematurely within but a few years if no rehabilitation intervention is provided.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

[Promoting exercise and sports in vocational rehabilitation of handicapped patients--a neglected aspect of rehabilitation?].

Directed primarily at preventive and compensatory objectives, sports activities in the framework of vocational education are intended to enhance essentially the physical and psychic well-being of the young people in later employment. They even involve goals that are pertinent to occupational qualification. The reality of motor promotion of disabled young trainees through sports, however, does look unfavorable. Physical-motor deficits in the trainees, explained in terms of their particular biography, make up for an additional, acquired problem that can have far-reaching implications for their occupational future. Difficulties in view of systematic promotion, as well as possibilities and initial efforts towards improvement, are dealt with on the example of the vocational education centre for physically disabled young people of the Annastift, Hannover. Intensive motor promotion in more severely disabled young people during their vocational training has entailed noticably favourable results relative to coordination and physical fitness. Besides its effect of general activation, comprehensive, holistic sports-motor training above all seems to have a generalized effect on everyday and work-related tasks (such as gripping, walking).

Combined Modality Therapy↗

PubMed1986

Health, vocational, and functional status in spinal cord injured athletes and nonathletes.

The relationship of sports involvement to medical complications, functional independence, and vocational status was studied in 67 individuals from 2 to 24 years after spinal cord injury (SCI). Sports participation ranged from none to 30 (means 7.6) hours/wk. No significant correlation was found between time spent in sports participation and number of medical complications, rehospitalizations, functional status, or employment. Subsequently, subgroups of SCI wheelchair basketball players (n = 19) and SCI nonathletes (n = 19) were compared in medical, functional, and vocational status. The athlete group showed significantly more average time per week of sports participation (p less than 0.03), as expected. Fewer physician visits (p less than 0.01) occurred in the athlete group. Trends toward fewer medical complications and fewer rehospitalizations were seen in the athletic group, but this did not reach statistical significance. Sports participation was not associated with increased risk of medical complications and did not limit available time for vocational pursuits. The positive benefits of sports involvement on the community reintegration process and the acquisition of functional skills for the newly disabled warrant further study. The long-term impact of sports involvement on prevention of cardiovascular disease, obesity, and other associated risks of a sedentary existence demands attention in our aging SCI population.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1979

Language factors in vocational evaluation of mentally retarded workers.

Vocational teachers described maladaptive social behavior of retarded workers in vocational training classrooms and sheltered workshops. A rating scale was developed from 28 items measuring unacceptable language behavior. Twenty-seven teachers rated (a) 196 retarded workers with respect to the frequency of maladaptive behavior and (b) the 28 items with respect to the probability that a given behavior would result in termination of employment. Patterns of language behavior of retarded workers were factor analyzed, yielding two primary dimensions: verbal manners and communication skills. Irritating verbal manners were rated as more likely to result in termination of a worker than were poor communication skills. Both factors correlated significantly with the AAMD Adaptive Behavior Scale, and communication skills correlated significantly with the San Francisco Vocational Competency Scale. Results suggested the need to remediate maladaptive verbal behavior in sheltered or educational settings and to assign workers to jobs in accordance with their communication skills.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

New trends in vocational rehabilitation and employment of disabled persons.

This papers outlines new approaches and concepts aimed at creating employment opportunities for disabled persons in a difficult labour market situation. It relates the new trends to interest engendered by the United Nations International Year of Disabled Persons and the recently proclaimed U.N. Decade of Disabled Persons (1983-1992) with greater participation and involvement of community groups, employers' and workers' organisations inrehabilitation activities. Much of the paper is devoted to changing patterns of sheltered employment including a centralised administration for groups of workshops, introduction of modern management techniques and development of profitable production or sub-contract work. The development of the enclave system of sheltered employment is highlighted whereby groups of severely disabled people work together under special supervision in an otherwise ordinary and undifferentiated working environment. Disable persons' co-operatives, a modular method of vocational training and the ergonomic approach to adaptation of jobs as means of creating jobs for the disabled are discussed in detail. The need to make good the acute lack of trained rehabilitation staff and to give higher priority to the employment needs of disabled people in rural areas, is stressed. Suggestions for research into ways and means of expanding employment opportunities for the disabled and for improving existing vocational rehabilitation services are outlined. Finally the paper refers to the newly adopted International Labour Office Convention and Recommendation Concerning Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment (Disabled Persons) which will, it is envisaged, inspire world-wide action in creating wider employment opportunities for disabled persons.

Blindness↗

PubMed1980

[Sports in the centres of vocational training and re-training (author's transl)].

The majority of disabilities are coupled with impairments of the motor system. In its action programme on rehabilitation, the Federal Government therefore recognises that sports should invariably be included in present-day rehabilitation as provided in the centres for vocational rehabilitation. This thesis was investigated on the basis of a study of 14 vocational re-training centres (= 93 percent) and 13 vocational training centres (= 81 percent) in operation in 1978/1979. It was found that there still is marked understaffing in this sector, especially as regards specifically trained personnel. The majority of sports facilities moreover are still in need of equipment capable of stimulating motaivation. The organisational patterns found in the field of sport for the disabled widely lack uniformity, with solutions being rather unsatisfactory.

Persons with Disabilities↗

PubMed1983

Facilitating the vocational-interpersonal skills of mentally retarded individuals.

A program was designed to teach interpersonal skills to mentally retarded individuals in order to facilitate their vocational adjustment and prevent job termination. Thirty-five retarded young adults were randomly assigned to a skills-training, coaching, or no-treatment control group. The skills-training and coaching groups met for 12 sessions and 6 follow-up meetings. The skills-training group learned appropriate ways of responding to difficult work-related interpersonal situations. Modeling, coaching, and behavioral rehearsal were the treatment procedures. The coaching group discussed the same interpersonal situations; however, modeling and behavioral rehearsal were not employed. Results indicated that the skills-training group improved their interpersonal skills, social competence, vocational problem behavior, and length of employment. Some positive changes were noted for the coaching group. The results provide support for training interpersonal skills prior to community vocational placement.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1982

[The problems involved in outcome control of non-industrial vocational rehabilitation measures].

The Social Code prescribes to the institutions financially responsible for rehabilitation to use their budgetary funds in accord with the principles of cost-effective and economical conduct, and to set up cost-benefit analyses in appropriate cases. This, however, presupposes a close and trusting working relationship between the financially responsible institutions and the rehabilitation facilities. It is possible to apply cost-benefit analysis to vocational rehabilitation; however, only those data should be included in the assessment that can in fact be clearly quantified. To ward off the danger of vocational rehabilitation missing labour market demands, improved statistical accessibility is recommended. The financially responsible institutions and the labour administration should draw up an overall statistical survey of rehabilitation--possibly in the form of a "rehabilitation report"--, containing break-downs of labour market statistics for comparison. This would facilitate vocational rehabilitation being accompanied and evaluated by research, the results obtained would be more obvious and clear. Improved prediction as regards employment opportunities of the rehabilitees could result.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗

PubMed1981

Functional assessment in vocational rehabilitation: a systematic approach to diagnosis and goal setting.

The Functional Assessment Inventory (FAI) has been developed for diagnostic use in vocational rehabilitation. This study involved field testing and initial validation of the Inventory as a diagnostic tool. Thirty vocational rehabilitation counselors administered the Inventory to 351 clients. Factor analysis identified 8 scales: Cognitive Function, Motor Function, Personality and Behavior. Vocational Qualifications, Medical Condition, Vision, Hearing, and Economic Disincentives. Content and concurrent validity of the Inventory were assessed by comparing the scores of clients grounded by medical diagnosis and by relating scores to counselors' judgments of severity of disability and employability. Clients with various primary disabilities appeared to differ from one another on the factor scales and on individual items in predictable ways. Total Functional Limitations scores were highly correlated with counselors' ratings of severity of disability and employability.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1981

Vocational skill assessment of severely mentally retarded adults.

The Trainee Performance Sample, a vocational skills assessment instrument, was revised to enhance content validity and utility in making vocational skill learning placements for severely retarded individuals. The Trainee Performance Sample employs a process measurement approach; i.e., each of the 30 test items (a variety of benchwork tasks) includes both training and correction procedures within the item. To some extent, the examinee's ability to benefit from various training strategies is measured. Psychometric analyses demonstrated that the revised Trainee Performance Sample meets standard test development criteria. Thus, a dynamic approach to vocational skills assessment of severely retarded individuals--one that involves training while testing--has been shown to have both utility and psychometric adequacy.

Aptitude Tests↗

PubMed1981

Predicting vocational aptitude of mentally retarded persons: a comparison of assessment systems.

The relationship between the AAMD Adaptive Behavior Scale (ABS), the Behavioral Characteristics Progression Scale, and the McCarron-Dial Work Evaluation System and the vocational competencies of mentally retarded clients, as typically assessed by the San Francisco Vocational Competency Scale, was examined. Results were discussed in terms of the general applicability of the McCarron-Dial Work Evaluation System in assessing vocational potential of retarded persons when compared to either the ABS or the Behavioral Characteristics Progression Scale.

Adult↗

PubMed1981

Operations training in vocational skills.

Whether operations training reduces time and errors in the acquisition of specific vocational tasks was investigated. An operation is a particular response class that occurs in the presence of a consistent stimulus. Subjects were mentally retarded vocational-rehabilitation clients in a sheltered workshop. Each subject was trained in either mechanical operations (ABC) or wood operations (DEF) and subsequently trained in two tasks involving ABC and two tasks involving DEF operations. Significant time and error savings occurred in task training when subjects had previously been trained on the generic operations involved in those tasks. Results suggest that component operations to facilitate lateral and vertical transfer to a variety of more specific job skills should be taught in vocational-training programs.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

[The ergonomic approach to vocational guidance and selection].

The paper deals with the results of health examinations of elementary school children--eight graders carried out within the programme of vocational guidance in an area of Croatia (the period 1991-1993). The expert's evaluation showed that out of a total of 1983 pupils examined 855 had health disturbances or functional impairments that required properly oriented further vocational training. Advice concerning the choice of school was based on the anticipated requirements and ergonomic characteristics of the pupils future job and their psychophysical abilities. Proper vocational guidance avoids the need for later selection, which is always a complicated problem. This is illustrated by two documented examples.

Child↗

PubMed1995

The effect of vocational rehabilitation and work incentives on helping the disabled-worker beneficiary back to work.

This article is the second in a series of articles that use data from the New Beneficiary Followup survey to analyze the work efforts of the Social Security Administration's Disability Insurance beneficiaries. Survival analysis techniques are used to determine the effect of vocational rehabilitation efforts and work incentive program provisions on actual work outcomes. The findings indicate that the demographic variables of age, gender, race, education, and marital status affect the tendency to return to work in the expected way. The results suggest a possible disincentive effect may be built into certain work incentive provisions of the program. The encouraging news is that the vocational rehabilitation efforts seem to have a positive effect on the tendency to return to work. Physical therapy, vocational training, general education, and job placement efforts all seem to increase the tendency to go back to work.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1977

[Data cross-cut and the field of rehabilitation medicine at a vocational re-training centre (author's transl)].

Identified and evaluated were a number of medical and sociological data, e.g. diagnosis, age, population of the place of residence, financially responsible agencies, on 1399 rehabilitees who were admitted to the Dortmund vocational re-training centre during the first five years of its operation (1971-1975). The primary diagnoses (highly identical with those indicative of vocational rehabilitation) and the overall diagnoses (primary and secondary diagnoses) were classified into disease groups according to the ICD and compared with the frequency distribution in the 1970 microcensus. Significance computations determined yearly deviations of the different data, i.e., a significantly steady increase in emotional disturbances. The classification of diseases and disabilities clearly shows the problem complex of adequate comprehensive therapy and medical care, and marks the role of medicine at a vocational re-training centre.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

[Vaccination project for vocational students].

As part of a North-Rhine-Westphalian state project the district of Unna developed a vaccination programme for continuation schools in 1996. The reason for this programme realized for the first time in a vocational school, was a considerable lack of protection by vaccination in ninth year classes. The present results from the first vocational school show a significant lack of standard vaccination as well as boosters. To improve the current situation it will be necessary to authorize and enable the Public Health Services to carry out even more standard and indication vaccinations at secondary and vocational schools as well as at institutions for the handicapped.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

[Vocational guidance of high school students with limitations in occupational fitness].

Young people with restriction of health in regard of their vocational fitness are specially advised and untimely guided into places of vocational training, if necessary. This concerns annually about 10% of school leavers. On internal illness, analyzed in the town of Halle is payed a particular attention. Conclusions are derived from these results for practice.

Adolescent↗