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PubMed1979

On the estimation of relative risk from vital statistical data.

A method is described for the determination of a measure of relative risk from vital statistical data. If the frequency of disease in a population is linearly related to the level of exposure to a given factor, then a measure of the relative risk can be estimated from the slope and intercept of the regression line. For example, when the exposure is measured in terms of the proportion of the population exposed to the factor, then the relative risk is equal to (Formula: see text). This offers an indirect but simple and inexpensive method for estimating relative risk. It should be used with caution, particularly where confounding factors may be responsible for the apparent association between disease and factor. Applications of the method to estimate the relative risk of (a) circulatory diseases in women using oral contraceptives and (b) ovarian cancer in women with different average family sizes, both yielded relative risk estimates comparable with those obtained from case-control and prospective studies.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed1989

The value of ischaemic heart disease vital statistics since 1968.

Although individual cases of IHD (Ischaemic Heart Disease) are frequently misclassified, the overall reliability of IHD vital statistics in industrialized countries is better than claimed. Random classification errors produce a correct mean value, whereas systematic misclassifications produce an opposite change in one or more different causes of death, since total number of deaths is correct in the age group and countries under consideration. Therefore it is important to compare a certified cause of death to several others, including total mortality. The comparison of death rates should be done in many countries, over several years, for each sex and between sexes. Since the 8th revision (1968) the comparability between years has improved. The mean mortality rates over the available years, the slopes calculated over the years and the % change of IHD in men and in women were correlated with different causes of death in men and in women, totalling 111 comparisons. Some of these (cancer of the rectum, colon, prostate and breast, diabetes and stroke) are related with nutrition. In total 71 out of the 111 correlations were significant, 28 of which with p less than 0.001. Criteria have been defined for checking the reliability of the slopes of IHD mortality with time since 1968. The trends in IHD mortality were compared with observed changes in nutrition. These nutritional changes, especially those of saturated fat, are generally consistent with the observed rates or time trends of the diseases under consideration. In conclusion, although classification errors occur they are not of a level of magnitude that makes valid conclusions impossible.

Australia↗
PubMed1953

VITAL STATISTICS.

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Biometry↗
PubMed1953

VITAL statistics.

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Biometry↗
PubMed1953

VITAL statistics.

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Biometry↗
PubMed1953

VITAL statistics.

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Biometry↗
PubMed1991

Multiround vital statistics survey in the Lao People's Democratic Republic.

The author discusses the multiround survey program begun in Laos in 1988 as a supplement to the first national census, taken in 1985. "The project had two broad objectives. The first was to provide training and support to selected village chiefs as a way of strengthening their role as civil registrars.... The second broad objective was to set up a system of statistical collection, involving regular visits to selected households, to provide good estimates of vital statistics." Some 300 villages or urban clusters were surveyed to determine their size and growth. The results were used to project future changes in the population's characteristics.

Asia↗