Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Universal Precautions”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Basic and clinical control of nosocomial infections].

Nosocomial infections, especially opportunistic infections and occupationally acquired infections, are causing major problems in perioperative period. Opportunistic infections are increased by opportunism secondary to antibiotic therapy and lower body defences. Organisms that cause opportunistic infections come from either exogenous or endogenous sources. Exogenous infections result from transmission of organisms from a source other than the patient. Control of person-to-person spread, such as handwashing and gown technique, disinfection and sterilization of equipment, and environmental cleaning are necessary to prevent exogenous infections. Endogenous infections are caused by the patient's own flora. Antibiotic policies are required to prevent endogenous infections. The main preventive measure of occupationally acquired infections, especially blood-borne infections, is practices of universal precautions. Universal precautions are intended to prevent parenteral, mucous membrane, and nonintact skin exposures to blood-borne pathogens in health care settings.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1991

An analysis of emergency physicians' cumulative career risk of HIV infection.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine point and range estimates of the cumulative career risk of occupationally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection by emergency physicians as well as to determine if the efficacy of universal precautions was seriously diminished by prolonged risk over time. DESIGN: Monte Carlo estimation of a mathematical model of cumulative risk. Eight scenarios were estimated for high versus low prevalence of HIV, no precautions versus universal precautions, and prevalence increasing to a steady state versus peaking and then declining. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: For high-prevalence areas, not using universal precautions, and assuming HIV seroprevalence increases to a steady-state level, the median estimate of cumulative risk of HIV infection over a 30-year career was 1.4% (90% of tolerance range, 0.2% to 14.0%); for low-prevalence emergency departments, the median was 0.1% (0.001% to 3.6%). Universal precautions with a presumed effectiveness of approximately 40% resulted in an approximate 30% decrease in risk. CONCLUSIONS: Although the per-exposure risk is small, the cumulative risk of HIV infection may be disproportionately large. The efficacy of universal precautions does not appear to be substantially diminished over time.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Adherence to Universal (barrier) Precautions during interventions on critically ill and injured emergency department patients.

In a study undertaken to determine compliance with Universal Precautions, we observed 129 personnel performing 1,274 interventions on 151 consecutive critically ill and injured patients in an emergency department setting in July 1988. Barrier precautions were fully adhered to 44.0% of the time. During interventions in patients with profuse bleeding, adherence was only 19.5% in contrast to 44.7% for those who were not bleeding. Adherence was 56.4% during minor interventions but only 16.7% during major procedures. Adherence rates varied among health care providers: residents, 58%; emergency staff physicians, 38%; consultant physicians, 43%; emergency nursing staff, 44%; paramedics, 8%; radiology technicians, 14%; and housekeeping, 91%. In a follow up questionnaire that ascertained reasons for lack of compliance, 47% of providers indicated that there was not always sufficient time to put on protective material, 33% felt that precautions interfered with skillful performance of procedures, and 23% stated that materials were uncomfortable. Only 2.7% felt that Universal Precautions did not work. Since there is no proven postexposure prophylaxis for human immunodeficiency virus, Universal Precautions must be rigorously followed until such time as they are shown not to be effective or an alternate approach is developed. Strategies to improve compliance and improvements in barrier technology need to be developed.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1992

[Elementary precautions: past the principles].

Universal precautions assure maximum protection to patients, workers, and visitors in a health care institution. While establishing universal precautions is a laudable goal, the application is onerous and difficult if the administration is not convinced of the necessity of such a project. At Sainte Justine Hospital in Montreal, the administration has rallied around this project. A vast program of consultation was initiated in January 1988. Simultaneously, a team of physicians and nurses proceeded to revise standards of sterilization and disinfectation in the hospital. In the fall of 1988, a multidisciplinary team produced a document, Universal Precautions. The term used in French--elementary precautions--was developed to demonstrate the need to have these precautions in place at all times throughout the institution. A pilot project was initiated on the perinatal unit to assess the new standards. Results are very positive. The guidelines worked and people appreciated the diverse measures of protection available to them. A full description of the pilot project is given along with the operating budget.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed2004

Radiation safety with yttrium 90 ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin) radioimmunotherapy.

OBJECTIVES: To present pertinent issues involved in radiation safety in radioimmunotherapy with 90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan. DATA SOURCES: Published clinical trials of 90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan and secondary literature on radiation safety and radioimmunotherapy. CONCLUSION: Radioimmunotherapy with 90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan is safe and effective in the indicated population, and radiation safety requirements for caregivers and patients are minimal. Yttrium 90 ibritumomab is routinely and safety administered as an outpatient procedure; safety precautions are universal precautions, with the addition of acrylic shielding for the preparation and administration of the radiolabeled dose. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Oncology nurses play a key role in the multidisciplinary team. By observing universal precautions, and advising patients to do the same, oncology nurses may facilitate the safe and effective administration of the ibritumomab tiuxetan regimen.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Registered nurses' use of universal barrier precautions in the pediatric emergency room.

To assess the frequency of Universal Barrier Precautions (UBPs) use by registered nurses in a pediatric emergency room at a large medical center in the southeastern United States, 10 nurses were observed individually for four-hour periods. Observations were noted using the Universal Precautions Assessment Tool (Gauthier, Turner, Langley, Neil, & Rush, in press). Based on 160 opportunities for UBP use, the nurse compliance rate was 71.9%.

Emergency Nursing↗