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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[The etiological structure of shigellosis in the former USSR--an indicator of the activity of the main routes of infection transmission].

The data on the etiological structure of Shigella infections in the USSR in 1988-1989 are presented. The study showed the dominating role of S. flexneri with S. sonnei also retaining great importance in Shigella infections. The process of the liquidation of S. dysenteriae and S. boydii infections began in some large cities. The domination of dysentery caused by S. flexneri and a high typhoid rate, particularly in Central Asia, were due to poor water supply of the population. The spread of dysentery caused by S. sonnei was completely independent of the water factor. The decisive role in the transmission of S. sonnei in infective doses was explained by decentralized milk supply.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The psychological profile of Jewish late adolescents in the USSR: a pre-immigration study.

Psychological well-being and the level of psychological autonomy were studied in a group of 109 Jewish late adolescents in the USSR. The subjects were not found to be more distressed than their American peers, but their dependency on their parents was significantly higher. The findings are discussed in the light of Soviet social values and child rearing attitudes and their impact on the adjustment of Soviet immigrant adolescents in Israel.

Acculturation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Administration of rural health services in the Magadan region, USSR, Department of Health.

This report explains the administrative and budget procedures of the rural health services in the Yagodnoye District of the Magadan Region. It briefly describes the administrative and budgeting planning relationships between the rural health district, the Magadan health region, and the USSR Department of Health, headquartered in Moscow. In the summary, recommendations for future exchange visits are made such as a program-focused approach.

Budgets↗
PubMed1991

[The dynamics of the prevalence of mental disorders in the USSR].

The two great events took place in the psychiatric life of this country in 1988-1989, namely the implementation of the new law of the conditions and routine of rendering psychiatric assistance to the community and experimentation with changing the principles and routine of the follow-up and registration of persons with mental disorders, carried out in 5 territories of the USSR. Analysis of the 3-year statistical data for the whole country made it possible to ascertain that the years 1988-1989 may be classified as crucial in terms of the changes in conventional approaches to the formation of the patients' groups followed up by the dispensary and as pioneering from the standpoint of distinguishing the patients' groups to be given medical advice. On the whole in 1989, the total number of mental patients treated by the outpatient psychoneurological institutions of this country underwent negligible changes as compared to 1987. At the same time the portion of the patients registered at the dispensaries reduced from 87.7% in 1987 to 82.2% in 1989. On the contrary, the portion of the patients given medical advice increased from 12.3 to 17.8%. Therefore, to trace the dynamics of mental pathology among the population, revealed by the psychiatric services on the basis of the statistical reports, it is necessary to make use of the total data on the groups of patients placed under dispensary observation and given medical advice. To widen the possibilities of rendering assistance to the latter group patients, it is badly needed that the development of the out-of-dispensary forms of rendering psychiatric assistance be intensified.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The incidence of detecting antibodies to the hepatitis C virus in different population groups in the USSR].

Markedly unequal distribution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) among blood donors in different regions of the USSR was established. The necessity of introduction into the blood service of regular donor blood screening for anti-C100-3 is substantiated. The portion of chronic hepatitis associated with HCV in the structure of chronic virus hepatitis was established. The results of the study indicate the expedience of specific virus hepatitis C prophylaxis in contingents of high risk of HCV infection.

Blood Donors↗
PubMed1991

[The 1st case of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) with expressed immune response to HTLV in the USSR].

The first of case of adult T-cell prolymphocytic lymphosarcoma is reported which according to the natural course, cell composition of tumor, cell surface markers as well as expressed immune response to a wide spectrum of HTLV-1 gag an env encoded proteins can be classified as HTLV-associated adult T-cell leukemia. Diagnosis of the tumor alongside with identification of HTLV-1-infected individuals in the USSR emphasizes the need to stimulate research in HTLV-1-associated carcinogenesis in this country.

Gene Expression Regulation, Viral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The antigenic and biological properties of influenza A (H1N1) viruses isolated in the USSR and the Czechoslovak Federal Republic in 1988-1989].

A comparative study of influenza A (H1N1) virus strains isolated in one epidemic season (1988-1989) in neighbouring countries was carried out. Using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, some of the isolates were shown to have different antigenic and biological properties which probably determined the different intensity of the epidemic situation in the USSR and CzSFR in 1988-1989.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1991

[Comparative characteristics of biological properties of Francisella tularensis strains isolated in the USSR].

With a large collection of the strains of F. tularensis isolated it has been recently shown that cultures belonging to holarctica and mediaasiatica circulate in the endemic foci of the USSR. By their biological and genetic properties the natural strains of F. tularensis were homogeneous and represented type cultures of F. tularensis. Various ecological conditions in the natural environment did not change within the last 20 years the sensitivity of the tularemia microbe to the antibacterial drugs.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Endocrine status and plasma lipids in inhabitants of the northern European part of the USSR.

Inhabitants of the northern districts of the Archangelsk Region of the USSR (Nenets and natives) were examined. Hormones of the hypophysis-adrenal cortex-thyroid gland system as well as the metabolites of lipid exchange were measured during the year. Higher mean levels of TSH and T3 were found in Nenets compared to natives. Activation of the hypophysis-thyroid gland system was demonstrated in the winter period compared to the summer one. Metabolites involved in lipid exchange transport in blood remained stable in Nenets, while natives showed dynamics of the lipid exchange metabolites related to the different seasons of the year.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Occupational-demographic analysis of employment of the population of USSR, RSFSR and Ukrainian SSR according to the general census].

Aging of the manpower resources is still continuing in this country as a whole and in individual republics, the average age approaching 40 years thus stepping on the verge of the older age group. The aging people are being 'pushed away' from most professions and occupations. Judging from the results of the recent general census of the population, in the USSR the portion of the 'pushed away' manpower has amounted to 80.7%. The growing discrepancy between the aging manpower resources and the modern industry demands are expressed in terms of increased morbidity and mortality among the productive age-groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[The 7th cholera pandemic in the world and the USSR].

1,713,057 cases of cholera were registered in the world during the seventh pandemic of the disease at the period of 1961-1989. The pandemic still continues, being the most prolonged pandemic in comparison with earlier ones. During the period of the seventh pandemic 10,723 cases of cholera were registered in the USSR. Great outbreaks occurred in 1965 and 1970-1974. At present sporadic cases of cholera can be registered, and wide circulation of mainly avirulent, nontoxigenic strains of cholera vibrios in environmental objects is characteristic of the epidemic situation.

Carrier State↗
PubMed1991

[The practical performance of cholera control measures in the USSR during the 7th pandemic].

The critical analysis of anticholera measures carried out in the USSR since 1965 till the present time is presented. The grounds for the abolition or considerable reduction of a number of measures are considered from the viewpoint of their scientific substantiation, the adequacy of means and efforts spent for their realization and their antiepidemic effectiveness. Special attention is paid to the necessity of differentiated approach to these measures, depending on concrete local climatic and geographical, sanitary, hygienic and other factors which determine the epidemic potential of a given administrative territory.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1991

Perestroika and health care in the USSR: innovations in state financing.

The budget of the USSR Ministry of Health has steadily been shrinking during the period 1960-1985 as a proportion of the standard measure of national productivity. In the age of perestroika, however, the Ministry of Health and various units within it have instituted a number of innovative attempts to increase available funds and resources on one hand, and make facilities operate more efficiently on the other. Some of these strategies include the expansion of pay polyclinics and hospitals, the institution of self-financing and cost accounting procedures, the initiation of health insurance forms of reimbursement, more control over the budget at lower levels, and the geographical reorganization of health care facilities. There are concerns about the effectiveness of these innovations, and the issue of quality of care. It is not clear which if any of these innovations will achieve the desired goals.

Health Expenditures↗
PubMed1991

[The types of the epidemic manifestations of cholera on the territory of the USSR].

On the basis of the analysis of cholera cases for the period of 1965-1989 three main main types of epidemic manifestations of this infection on the territory of the USSR were determined with due attention to the complex of data, characterizing the intensity and types of the epidemic process, the danger of the outbreak and spread of cholera. This made it possible to differentiate and decrease the complex of prophylactic measures, depending on the type of the territory.

Cholera↗
PubMed1991

[Shigellosis in the USSR: the biochemical picture of Shigella sonnei].

The article deals with original data characterizing the biochemical picture of S. sonnei circulating in the USSR in 1983-1985. Sub-biovars IIe, IIg and Ia have been shown to prevail practically in all regions, irrespective of the intensity of functioning of the centralized alimentary and chronic water routes of transmission of shigellae. These sub-biovars most frequently cause significant alimentary outbreaks of Sonne dysentery transmitted with milk. Doubts are expressed concerning the importance of the immunological factor in the formation of the biochemical picture of S. sonnei. The necessity of the additional differentiation of strains belonging to the prevalent sub-biovars for epidemiological purposes is emphasized.

Dysentery, Bacillary↗
PubMed1990

[Psychiatric services in the USSR and their various indicators].

The development of psychiatry in the USSR is reviewed bearing in mind the dynamics of the main characteristics of mental patients registered at the psychoneurological dispensaries (PND). In 1965, 2188.5 thousand patients were on the books at the PND in this country, whereas in 1987, their number rose to 10201.3 thousand. Therefore, during 22 years the number of mental patients increased 4.7-fold. The greatest increase is recorded among patients suffering from schizophrenia and psychopathy. This tendency is characteristic of all the republics. At the same time the disability rate among schizophrenic patients dropped (possibly at the expense of a more favorable course of this pathology). The authors point out that this country ranks ninth in the world in the number of psychiatrists per 1000 population. As far as the number of beds for mental patients is concerned, it occupies the 23d place. From 1985 to 1988, the load of the dispensary psychiatrist reduced from 565 to 520 patients, i.e. it diminished by 8%. On the whole the psychiatric services render assistance to 4% of the population of this country today.

Health Services Needs and Demand↗
PubMed1991

[Allele polymorphism of the DNA loci MET, D7S8, D7S23, linked to the cystic fibrosis gene in some populations of the USSR, in high risk families and in cystic fibrosis patients].

RELP analysis of DNA loci MET, D7S8 and D7S23 was carried out in Leningrad population and partially in populations of Moscow, Azerbaijan, Ukraine, Buryatia as well as in individuals from high risk families and in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients by means of blot hybridization and polymerase chain reaction. Allelic polymorphism of all loci studied in these three groups was found to be quite similar to that in the North-Western Europe and in whites of the North America. Linkage disequilibrium of the alleles studied with the CF gene was especially pronounced for alleles of the D7S23 locus and gradually decreases from KM-19 through CS-7 to XV-2c DNA probes. The data witness genetic homogeneity of the CF mutation in European populations of the USSR and its similarity to this mutation in Western Europe. The significance of these data for potential diagnosis of CF and for heterozygous carrier detection is discussed.

Alleles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Analysis of actual consumption of food substances and energy in the USSR and Union Republics (data for 1987)].

The analysis has been presented of the actual nutrition of the population of the USSR as a whole, and of all the Union Republics during 1985-1987. It has been found that the nutrition of the population in the country (on an average per capita) is imbalanced with respect to the main food substances. The food rations meet the requirements of the energy value, but do not provide physiological needs of the body in the chemical composition including the essential factors of nutrition. The main cause of such state is the irrational structure of nutrition. The analysis of the actual nutrition of the adult population capable for work has not revealed any specific disorders in the principles of the rational nutrition related to a certain group of work intensity. The nutrition deficiencies in separate occupational groups of subjects have reflected the general tendencies in the character of nutrition of the population in the country as a whole, as well as in the republic and region. Certain shortcomings of the actual nutrition common to varying occupational groups of the population have been established.

Adult↗