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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Skin flaps and expanded full-thickness skin grafts. Indications in the repair of burn sequelae].

The great majority of sequelae of deep burns concern the skin. Their correction essentially raises problems of replacement of scarred skin by good quality skin. Sequelae of burns logically constitute one of the best indications for progressive mechanical skin expansion by prosthesis, which allows for considerable improvement of the aesthetic results. This improvement is related to the use of skin replacement tissues with the same quality as the original tissue. Local expanded flaps and expanded full-thickness skin grafts are the two essential techniques used. The authors review the general rules concerning the use of expansion prostheses, then describe the various indications for expanded flaps and expanded full-thickness skin grafts in the sequelae of burns of the face, neck, thorax and limbs. The main indications are illustrated by clinical cases.

Burns↗
PubMed2000

Varying incorporation of fatty acids into phospholipids from muscle, adipose and pancreatic exocrine tissues and thymocytes in adult rats fed with diets rich in different fatty acids.

Despite numerous studies, the importance which the tissue or the composition of the diet may have in the biological distribution of each fatty acid is not well known. To determine the importance of tissue origin and dietary fatty acids in the fatty acid composition of cell phospholipids, 54 male adult rats were fed isocaloric diets for one month varying only in their fatty acid compositions. The fat component of the six experimental groups was derived from olive oil, sunflower oil, fish oil, soybean oil, palmitic acid, or 82% palmitic acid plus 18% soybean oil, supplying the essential fatty acid. The fatty acid composition of phospholipids from thymocytes, pancreatic exocrine, muscle and adipose tissues was studied by gas-chromatography. The tissue of origin was a more important source of variation than diet in the fatty acid content of the cell phospholipids except for palmitic acid (16:0), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 n-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3). This study points out the complexity of the interrelations between different families of fatty acids and of the specificity of each tissue to changes in the composition of dietary fatty acids, as well as the inconvenience of speaking from the dietary point of view of groups of fatty acid families based on the position of the double bond, since their individual behaviour, including saturated fatty acids, is very different in the face of dietary manipulation. The study also highlights the different behaviour of each of the fatty acids in relation to the others in the diet in each of the tissues, a circumstance which should be taken into account when evaluating the biological effects in both epidemiological and experimental studies.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2006

Comparative analysis and integrative classification of NCI60 cell lines and primary tumors using gene expression profiling data.

BACKGROUND: NCI60 cell lines are derived from cancers of 9 tissue origins and have been invaluable in vitro models for cancer research and anti-cancer drug screen. Although extensive studies have been carried out to assess the molecular features of NCI60 cell lines related to cancer and their sensitivities to more than 100,000 chemical compounds, it remains unclear if and how well these cell lines represent or model their tumor tissues of origin. Identification and confirmation of correct origins of NCI60 cell lines are critical to their usage as model systems and to translate in vitro studies into clinical potentials. Here we report a direct comparison between NCI60 cell lines and primary tumors by analyzing global gene expression profiles. RESULTS: Comparative analysis suggested that 51 of 59 cell lines we analyzed represent their presumed tumors of origin. Taking advantage of available clinical information of primary tumor samples used to generate gene expression profiling data, we further classified those cell lines with the correct origins into different subtypes of cancer or different stages in cancer development. For example, 6 of 7 non-small cell lung cancer cell lines were classified as lung adenocarcinomas and all of them were classified into late stages in tumor progression. CONCLUSION: Taken together, we developed and applied a novel approach for systematic comparative analysis and integrative classification of NCI60 cell lines and primary tumors. Our results could provide guidance to the selection of appropriate cell lines for cancer research and pharmaceutical compound screenings. Moreover, this gene expression profile based approach can be generally applied to evaluate experimental model systems such as cell lines and animal models for human diseases.

Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung↗
PubMed1984

The keratin polypeptide patterns in heterotypically recombined epithelia of skin and mucosa of adult mouse.

Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions were investigated considering both morphologic criteria and keratin polypeptide expression in homotypic and heterotypic recombinants of adult mouse skin and oral mucosa. Two series of cross-recombinants of epithelia with different morphology and keratin patterns were chosen: (a) footpad epidermis/ear dermis and ear epidermis/footpad dermis; (b) palate epithelium/cheek connective tissue and cheek epithelium/palate connective tissue. Homotypic and heterotypic recombinants were prepared after EDTA-separation of the original tissues and then grown on syngeneic mice in subcutaneously prepared protected graft chambers. EDTA-separation is especially suited to completely separate the epidermal-dermal union, and the transplantation procedure used strictly prevents contamination with host epithelium. Five weeks after implantation keratins were analyzed by one and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and peptide mapping. In both series, homotypic recombination of the tissues did not alter the original morphology and keratin polypeptide composition of the individual epithelial components. Ear epidermis displayed no significant changes in structure or keratin pattern in heterotypic recombinants. Recombined with ear dermis, footpad epidermis showed acquisition of some morphologic features typical for ear epidermis and slight changes in keratin composition which were, however, difficult to interpret due to the normal similarities of footpad keratin with that of ear. In contrast, the heterorecombinants of the palate/cheek series exhibited considerable alterations in their keratin patterns. Either epithelium showed suppression of distinct keratin subunits and de novo expression of subunits characteristic of the epithelium normally associated with the connective tissue component. The keratin patterns of both matches closely resembled each other and represented patterns intermediate between the normal patterns. This partial, however, significant modulation in the expression of differentiation markers was paralleled by similarly directed changes in the architecture of the heterotransplanted tissues, thus indicating that both morphogenesis and cytodifferentiation of certain adult epithelia can be influenced by extrinsic mesenchymal factors.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Detection of germinal center B-cell lymphoma in archival specimens: critical evaluation of Bcl-6 protein expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the tonsil.

Expression of Bcl-6 and CD10, markers for the tumor of the germinal center (GC) B-cell derivation, has been studied in primary diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) of the lymph node, gastrointestinal tract, and mediastinum. In these studies, the coexpression rate of CD10 and Bcl-6 was relatively constant at 30% approximately 40%, but the frequency of Bcl-6+ tumors varied from 55% to 100%, raising doubts about the usefulness of Bcl-6 expression in identifying the tumor of GC B-cell derivation. Because the expression of Bcl-6 in tumors of non-GC B-cell origin has recently been reported, we critically evaluated the expression of Bcl-6 and CD10 in primary DLBCLs of the tonsil, a relatively common tumor in Japan and Korea. The cases (n = 51) represented a consecutive series for any recent 2-year period at several teaching hospitals in Korea and Japan. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens were used for immunostaining. Staining for Bcl-6 and CD10 was positive in 44 (86%) and 22 cases (45%), respectively. However, among those positive for Bcl-6 (>10% Bcl-6+ tumor cells), 2 basic patterns were recognized: uniform and nonuniform. The uniform pattern was characterized by a dense population (>75%) and a consistent density in any given area, resembling the staining pattern observed in GC or follicular lymphoma (FL) (the "GC/FL" pattern). In contrast, the nonuniform pattern exhibited a varying density from area to area, as well as a less-dense population (<75%). The uniform pattern was observed in 26 cases (51%). All but 1 (95%) of the CD10+ tumors coexpressed Bcl-6, with most (82%) displaying the uniform pattern. We conclude that tumors showing a uniform pattern of Bcl-6 expression should be distinguished from those showing a nonuniform pattern, because the former most likely represent tumors of GC B-cell derivation and the latter most likely represent tumors of non-GC derivation. GC B-cell lymphoma thus defined accounted for 51% of tonsillar DLBCL, a proportion comparable to that of the nodal DLBCL. CD10 expression correlated with the "GC/FL" pattern, but appeared to be not essential for the identification of GC B-cell lymphoma. This study suggests that a significant proportion of tonsillar DLBCLs in Asia is of GC B-cell origin rather than of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue origin. This finding may have significance for clinical management of these lymphomas.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Changes in the level of short-chain volatile fatty acids and their aldehydes in oral air and fluid during inflammation of oral tissues].

It is shown that volatile short-chain fatty acids (propionate, butyrate and acetate) of bacterial and tissue origin are important factors of pathogenesis of oral tissue inflammation. A comparative biochemical study using chromato-mass-spectrometry, gas adsorptive and gas-liquid chromatography of oral media in healthy subjects has discovered that in gingivitis and parodontitis these media contain higher concentrations of short-chain fatty acids and lower ones of relevant aldehydes in intensification of the inflammatory process. The ratios of acetate/acetaldehyde, propionate/acrolein, butyrate/butyraldehyde increase considerably with intensification of parodontic inflammation making these values suitable for assessment of inflammation severity.

Acetates↗
PubMed1982

Spontaneous nonpigmented iris cyst.

A histologically proved nonpigmented iris cyst was seen spontaneously in a 22-year-old woman and was removed 14 years later because it enlarged and compromised her vision. The controversy involving the cause and tissue origin of these cysts is discussed. The late age of manifestation together with the histologic characteristics of this cyst favor a "spontaneous" cause arising from tissue of neuroectodermal origin, eg, the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium. The nonpigmented ciliary epithelium. The clinical characteristics of this disorder and means of treatment are reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1968

Excitatory acidic amino acids and the cation content and sodium ion flux of isolated tissues from the brain.

1. Sample from the neocortex and piriform cortex of guinea pigs and rats were incubated in inulin-containing glucose-saline. Their intracellular (non-inulin) space contained 19-27muequiv. of Na(+)/g. of original tissue. These values were stable between 30 and 100min. after incubation commenced, but addition of (22)NaCl to the neocortical samples showed them to be associated with a flux of 400muequiv. of Na(+)/g. of tissue/hr. 2. Addition of 0.5-10mm-l-glutamic acid or 0.1mm-N-methyl-dl-aspartic acid rapidly increased the tissue's Na(+) content; N-acetyl-dl-aspartic acid was without action. 3. During the first 1-1.5min. after the addition of l-glutamic acid to neocortical samples their Na(+) content increased at 600muequiv./g. of tissue/hr., and the rate of (22)Na(+) influx corresponded to 1230muequiv. of Na(+)/g./hr. These rates were calculated to be sufficiently rapid to account for loss of the tissue's normal membrane potential within 1-2sec. of the addition of the acid. 4. In addition, a rapid but more limited loss of K(+) took place after the addition of l-glutamic acid or the methylaspartic acid; on continued incubation tissue K(+) content increased, as also did the intracellular volume of the tissue, from its original 670mul./g. to 1100mul./g. 5. Interpretation of these and of associated changes is offered in terms that involve a cation pump and the permeability changes associated with the nerve impulse.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1979

Immunological analysis of human microglia: lack of monocytic and lymphoid membrane differentiation antigens.

While it is certain that reactive microglia (phagocytes in damaged brain tissue) originate from monocytes, the derivation of resting microglia (argentophilic cells in undamaged brain tissue) is not clear. In order to examine a possible lymphocytic and/or monocytic origin for resting microglia, cryostat sections of presumably normal human brain tissue were treated with anti-lymphocyte, anti-monocyte and anti-beta 2-microglobulin sera and then stained with the immunoperoxidase technique. No positive reaction was obtained. It must be concluded that resting microglia are not derived from mononuclear blood cells.

Antigens, Surface↗
PubMed2001

Immunoelectron microscopic localization of partially purified antigens in adult Paragonimus iloktsuenesis.

An immunoelectron microscopy employing immunogold labeling method was performed to detect tissue origin of D1 fraction (D1A) among 5 antigenic protein fractions partially purified by DEAE-anion exchange chromatography from water-soluble crude antigen (PIWA) of adult Paragonimus iloktsuenensis. Immune reactions of adult worm tissues with rabbit serum immunoglobulin immunized with crude antigen (PI-Ig) and D1 antigen (D1-Ig), as well as rat serum immunoglobulin infected with P. iloktsuenensis were observed. D1A showed strong antigenicity in the intestinal epithelium of the worms during the early infection period of 2-4 weeks after infection. The vitellaria also showed stronger antigenicity than the other tissue sites in immune reaction of tissues against all immunoglobulins from 4 to 33 weeks after vitelline development. Therefore, it is suggested that D1A was mainly originated from the intestinal epithelial tissues before the development of vitelline gland of the parasites. Immuno-reactivity of two immunoglobulins (PI-Ig, D1-Ig) was significantly different in intestinal epithelial cytoplasmic protrusions (CP) and intestinal epithelial secretory granules (SG). In the experimental group with D1-Ig, gold particles were labeled significantly in CP than in SG when compared to the PI-Ig group. Thus, the major antigenic materials in D1 antigen having a strong antigenicity in the early infection period was considered to be originated from the intestinal epithelial tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

A comparative study of cytokine gene transcripts in normal and malignant breast tissue and primary cell cultures derived from the same tissue samples.

Using a differential centrifugation method followed by culture in selective medium, we have successfully isolated and maintained individual epithelial and stromal cells from normal (n = 10) and malignant (n = 6) human breast tissue and characterised their phenotype by immunocytochemistry. Further, we have studied expression of the cytokine genes IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-beta in each cell fraction by RT-PCR and have compared these results with cytokine gene expression in tissue extracts from which primary cultures were derived. In breast tumours, there was near complete absence of IL-1beta in both whole tissue and cell fractions, and in normals it was present in only 3/10 tissue preparations, with increased expression in stromal (6/10) and epithelial (5/10) cell samples. IL-6 was constitutively expressed in all tumour-derived breast tissue samples but down-regulated in tumour cell cultures, with the opposite result in normal breast. Near identical levels of IL-8 expression were found throughout each preparation, irrespective of tissue origin. TNF-beta was expressed in all normal tissue samples, in 9/10 epithelial preparations but in only 6/10 stromal preparations. In tumours, TNF-beta was associated predominantly with whole tissue or stromal samples, with reduced expression in epithelial preparations. Our data confirm that primary cultures of normal and malignant human breast tissue can be successfully separated into epithelial and mesenchymal cell populations and their phenotype can be maintained in culture for up to 30 days. However, this cellular separation does alter the cytokine profiles; therefore, experimental findings with isolated cells should be treated with a caveat.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2000

Developmental fates of larval tissues after metamorphosis in the ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi. II. Origin of endodermal tissues of the juvenile.

Cell lineages during ascidian embryogenesis are invariant. Developmental fates of larval mesodermal cells after metamorphosis are also invariant with regard to cell type of descendants. The present study traced developmental fates of larval endodermal cells after metamorphosis in Halocynthia roretzi by labeling each endodermal precursor blastomere of larval endoderm. Larval endodermal cells gave rise to various endodermal organs of juveniles: endostyle, branchial sac, peribranchial epithelium, digestive organs, peripharyngeal band, and dorsal tubercle. The boundaries between clones descended from early blastomeres did not correspond to the boundaries between adult endodermal organs. Although there is a regular projection from cleavage stage and larval stage to juvenile stage, this varies to some extent between individuals. This indicates that ascidian development is not entirely deterministic. We composed a fate map of adult endodermal organs in larval endoderm based on a statistical analysis of many individual cases. Interestingly, the topographic position of each prospective region in the fate map was similar to that of the adult organ, indicating that marked rearrangement of the positions of endodermal cells does not occur during metamorphosis. These findings suggest that fate specification in endoderm cells during metamorphosis is likely to be a position-dependent rather than a deterministic and lineage-based process.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Computed tomography of infiltrating benign lipoma.

Lipomas are frequently encountered benign tumors of adipose tissue origin. A lipoma generally develops in the superficial subcutaneous tissues but may occasionally be deep seated, growing between or within muscles. Deep-seated lipomas (excluding body cavities and viscera) have been termed infiltrating benign lipomas, of which there are two varieties--lipoma and angiolipoma. We wish to report three cases of infiltrating benign lipomas. Computed tomography scanning is the diagnostic modality of choice in the evaluation of these tumors.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Lateral diffusion of surface molecules in animal cells and tissues.

When bound to cell surfaces, certain lectins such as concanavalin A induce a drop in the average diffusion coefficients (D) of a number of cell surface molecules. To find whether such anchorage modulation occurs naturally, D of surface antigens on different cell and tissue types were measured by fluorescence photobleaching recovery. Values for cells of the same tissue origin under different conditions of growth and association - in tissues, in small aggregates, and as isolated cells - varied by less than twofold when polyspecific monovalent antibodies to cell surface antigens were used, a range much less than the sixfold decrease in D observed after lectin-induced anchorage modulation. Thus, if reversible modulation of the diffusion rate is used naturally as a means of cell signaling, it must involve only a few kinds of surface receptors not detected by the antibodies used in this study. In certain tissues, however, a significant proportion of cells showed no apparent receptor mobility. This "all or none" modulation of lateral diffusion may reflect relatively long-lasting alterations in the states of a single cell type or differentiation among the cells of the particular tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

An increase of abdominal pressure increases pulmonary edema in oleic acid-induced lung injury.

Increased abdominal pressure is common in intensive care unit patients. To investigate its impact on respiration and hemodynamics we applied intraabdominal pressure (aIAP) of 0 and 20 cm H(2)O (pneumoperitoneum) in seven pigs. The whole-lung computed tomography scan and a complete set of respiratory and hemodynamics variables were recorded both in healthy lung and after oleic acid (OA) injury. In healthy lung, aIAP 20 cm H(2)O significantly lowered the gas content, leaving the tissue content unchanged. In OA-injured lung at aIAP 0 cm H(2)O, the gas content significantly decreased compared with healthy lung. The excess tissue mass (edema) amounted to 30 +/- 24% of the original tissue weight (455 +/- 80 g). The edema was primarily distributed in the base regions and was not gravity dependent. Heart volume, central venous, pulmonary artery, wedge, and systemic arterial pressures significantly increased. At aIAP 20 cm H(2)O in OA-injured lung, the central venous and pulmonary artery pressures further increased. The gas content further decreased, and the excess tissue mass rose up to 103 +/- 37% (tissue weight 905 +/- 134 g), with homogeneous distribution along the cephalocaudal and sternovertebral axis. We conclude that in OA-injured lung, the increase of IAP increases the amount of edema.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2000

Tissue variation in the control of oxidative phosphorylation: implication for mitochondrial diseases.

Metabolic control analysis has often been used for quantitative studies of the regulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylations (OXPHOS). The main contribution of this work has been to show that the control of mitochondrial metabolic fluxes can be shared among several steps of the oxidative phosphorylation process, and that this distribution can vary according to the steady state and the tissue. However, these studies do not show whether this observed variation in the OXPHOS control is due to the experimental conditions or to the nature of the mitochondria. To find out if there actually exists a tissue variation in the distribution of OXPHOS control coefficients, we determined the control coefficients of seven OXPHOS complexes on the oxygen-consumption flux in rat mitochondria isolated from five different tissues under identical experimental conditions. Thus in this work, only the nature of the mitochondria can be responsible for any variation detected in the control coefficient values between different tissues. The analysis of control coefficient distribution shows two tissue groups: (i) the muscle and the heart, controlled essentially at the level of the respiratory chain; and (ii) the liver, the kidney and the brain, controlled mainly at the phosphorylation level by ATP synthase and the phosphate carrier. We propose that this variation in control coefficient according to the tissue origin of the mitochondria can explain part of the tissue specificity observed in mitochondrial cytopathies.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Biochemical changes in the collagen of the palmar fascia in patients with Dupuytren's disease.

The palmar fascial tissues of more than 400 patients with Dupuytren's disease were studied biochemically and compared with normal tissue obtained from more than 100 patients who were undergoing hand surgery for other reasons. No alterations of the molecular structure or the state of macromolecular aggregation of the collagen in Dupuytren's disease were detected by wide or low-angle x-ray diffraction studies or by transmission electron microscopy. Major biochemical changes in the palmar fascia affected by Dupuytren's disease included increased collagen and hexosamine contents and the presence of galactosamine in the most severely involved tissue. Type-III collagen, which is virtually absent from normal adult palmar fascia, was abundant in the tissue of patients with Dupuytren's disease. Post-translational modifications included a very elevated hydroxylysine content, an increase in the total number of reducible cross-links, and the appearance of hydroxylysinohydroxynorleucine (virtually absent from normal palmar fascia) as the major reducible cross-link. Even palmar fascia from patients with Dupuytren's disease that appeared grossly and histologically normal showed the same biochemical changes, albeit to a lesser extent. All of these biochemical changes are similar to those that occur during the active stages of connective-tissue wound repair. This includes the rapid synthesis and turnover of collagen which leads to newly synthesized, immature collagen being more abundant in the involved tissue than in normal tissue. There is no evidence that the gross, macroscopic contracture of the palmar fascia in Dupuytren's disease is due to shortening, plication, or contraction of the collagen fibrils or fibers present in the tissue at the onset of the disease or synthesized during its development. Instead, we propose that the gross contracture (shortening) of the palmar fascia in Dupuytren's disease is due to an active cellular process that progressively draws the distal extremities of the affected tissue closer together at the same time that the original tissue is being replaced. The result of these two processes is simply a shorter, smaller piece of tissue fabric containing collagen molecules, fibrils, and fibers of normal length and organization, but with pretranslational and posttranslational modifications similar to those observed in collagens during the active stages of connective-tissue repair in general.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Pediatric soft tissue sarcomas of nonmyogenic origin.

Nonrhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas (NRSTS) are relatively rare tumors, which nonetheless constitute 50% of the soft tissue sarcomas seen in the pediatric population. The prognosis for these tumors is good, with 92% of patients in our series alive and 61% free of their disease at 5 years follow-up. The most important prognostic factor among our 35 patients was the grade of the tumor. More than 70% of our patients with grade I or II lesions are disease-free at 5 years, compared to only 39% of patients with grade III lesions. The patients with the best outlook are those who can be treated with surgery alone as the definitive care for this disease. Resection remains the primary treatment modality in NRSTS, whereas, unlike the treatment of rhabdomyosarcomas, the value of radiation therapy and chemotherapy in treating NRSTS remains undefined.

Child↗