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PubMed1996

Word theft.

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Ethics, Professional↗
PubMed2002

Personality of males charged with outrage of modesty.

Outrage of modesty (OOM) is considered a serious crime in Singapore and offenders are often charged with a period of imprisonment with or without a fine and caning. Previous studies have indicated that non-violent sexual offenders tend to have a socially inhibited personality. No published study has yet been conducted to investigate the personality of OOM offenders. The purpose of the current study was to assess the personality of males charged with outrage of modesty and compare them to a group of males charged with theft using the 16 Personality Factors questionnaire (16PF; Cattell, Eber, and Tatsuoka, 1970). Participants were selected over a two-year study period from a cohort of prisoners serving sentence at Changi Prison. A total of 30 OOM and 22 theft offenders completed the 16PF. All OOM subjects had been charged for molesting an adult female. Unexpectedly, planned comparisons revealed that OOM subjects had marginally higher scores on Factor H (boldness) compared to theft subjects. Exploratory analyses revealed no other significant differences between OOM and theft subjects. Implications of findings and limitations of the study are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

SMR forum: Too many hands in the corporate cookie jar.

Theft by employees costs American businesses and their customers many billions of dollars each year. Despite concerted efforts to reduce the problem, it appears to continue to grow. Most of these efforts concentrate on limiting the opportunity to steal. However, because the motivations for theft are varied, preventing it often requires more than tighter security. In this paper, the authors explore the extent of the problem, its causes, motivations behind employee theft, and some cost-effective ways of reducing the incidence of theft.

Hospitals↗
PubMed2000

A review of offenders remanded in a State Psychiatric Hospital.

Patients remanded over a two-year period to Woodbridge Hospital by Court Order were studied retrospectively. Schizophrenia was the most common diagnosis, theft and robbery the most prevalent offences. Males greatly outnumbered females. There were important gender differences, with males tending to commit sexual offences and females, theft and mischief. Males were less likely to be acquainted with their victims but those who caused hurt were more likely to know their victims. Outrage of modesty and theft were more likely to be committed against strangers. The reconviction rate was 26%, with repeat offenders more likely to commit sexual offences and theft. Patients who had previous psychiatric hospitalisation were more likely to be attending follow-up prior to and after release from remand and were more likely to have schizophrenia. Those assessed to be fit to plead were either fined or given jail sentences. Unsoundness of mind and unfitness to plead were associated with further remand in this hospital.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Do the risk factors associated with conduct problems in adolescents vary according to gender?

The present paper examines whether there are gender differences in the associations between conduct problems and risk factors such as family conditions, peer influence, leisure activities, school-related variables and pubertal timing. We analysed self-reported data collected as part of a large general population study of Norwegian adolescents (N=9342). On the basis of earlier studies, conduct problems were decomposed into three dimensions, labelled theft and vandalism, school opposition and covert behaviour. The first dimension includes different kinds of theft and vandalism, whereas the second includes school-related conduct problems of an overt aggressive kind. The last dimension reflects avoidance of arenas under adult control. Whether or not gender differences were detected depended on the aspect of conduct problems considered. The associations between risk factors and "theft and vandalism" and "school opposition" were stronger for boys than for girls. No gender differences were detected in the associations between and risk factors and "covert behaviour". Even though there were gender differences in the strength of these associations, the same risk factors seem to be relevant in explaining conduct problems for both gender groups.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1996

Drug use among street children in southern Brazil.

We studied the self-reported activities engaged in by children found wandering on the streets of Porto Alegre, Brazil, aiming to describe their drug abuse habits and practice of thefts or mendicancy. One hundred-and-five youngsters, 6-18 years old, were interviewed in the streets. Although the external appearance of the interviewed children lacked cues as to their life-style differences, three diverse life-style characteristics were depicted among them. Almost 25% of the children lived with their families and went to school (FAMSCH) and 46% lived with their families but didn't go to school (FAM). The other 29% spent all day long and slept in the streets (STREET). The most frequently used drug for the total group of children was tobacco, followed by alcohol, with a much higher prevalence of use of both alcohol and tobacco among children from the STREET subgroup. Alcohol was used by more than 25% of the STREET children and tobacco by 58% of the children from this subgroup, in a regular (almost daily) basis. Less than 12% of the FAMSCH children used illicit drugs. Inhalants were the preferred drugs for illicit drug experimental use. Only 4% of the children attending school sniffed solvents in a regular basis. Regular abuse of inhalants was reported much more frequently by the STREET subgroup of children, reaching a prevalence of 40%. Self-report of marijuana smoking was described to be regular by 4% of the FAMSCH children and 26% by the STREET children. A significantly higher number of the children who lived with their families in comparison to the STREET children described work activities (selling food, washing cars or polishing shoes) while out in the streets. On the other hand the practice of thefts was self-reported mainly by the children from the STREET group and only by the ones who used illicit drugs. Children who lived with their families reported less mendicancy and thefts than STREET children. These results show that very poor children might spend many hours of the day by themselves in the streets of a big city accompanied by children who are never under adult supervision. In spite of being alone for some hours a day and making friends with others who might use drugs, having a family and regularly attending school decreases the risk of delinquent acts and drug use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Family and employment status associated with women's criminal behavior.

Exploring the relationship between women's criminal behavior as evidenced in violence, type of crime, prior criminal history, and the fulfillment of traditional female roles delineated by marital status, employment status, or presence of children in the home of the woman was based on the evaluation of 141 female inmates, which indicated a limited relationship between fulfilling traditional female roles and the nature of female criminal activity. Married and previously married subjects tended to be involved primarily with murder and secondarily with theft. Single subjects were involved primarily with theft and secondarily involved with robbery. Employed subjects were more likely to be involved with theft and nonviolent crime. Unemployed subjects were more likely to be involved in violent crimes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Joy-riding among British youth.

The behavioural and legal aspects of the problematic and repetitive criminal behaviour of aggravated vehicle taking or "joyriding" are reviewed as context for a study in Great Britain of data from 20 males imprisoned for joy-riding and/or vehicle theft for gain, 10 habitual joyriders who were members of a youth club established to counter the problem, 10 imprisoned house-breakers, and 10 males with no criminal convictions. No specific ethnographic, motivational, or personality differences between joy-riders and those involved in other crimes of theft were found, although there was evidence for the notion of joyriding developing into car theft for pure financial gain.

Adolescent↗