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PubMed1982

The thymus gland and reproduction: do thymic peptides influence the reproductive lifespan in females?

Thymic hormones may play an important role in determining the reproductive lifespan in females. Thymic peptides can release gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus and thus luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary gland in vitro. Independent data are also accumulating to show that gonadotropins may be necessary to prevent atresia of primordial follicles in utero. It is possible that thymic peptides regulate the release of GnRH-LH in utero in women and are important in determining the rate at which primordial follicles and oogonia are lost. Thus, thymic peptides may play a role in fixing the number of oocytes available for ovulation during the reproductive lifespan.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1972

Purification and biological activity of thymosin, a hormone of the thymus gland.

The purification and chemical properties of thymosin, obtained from bovine thymus tissue, are described. The biological activity of the thymic hormone has been assessed by a newly developed rosette assay, which permits measurement of thymus-dependent lymphoid cells. Thymosin activity is associated with a physico-chemically homogeneous protein of molecular weight 12,600. The hormonal activity is evident in in vitro incubation assay, after injection into adult thymectomized mice, and in prolonging survival of neonatally thymectomized mice and the reconstitution of their response to a skin allograft.

Acetone↗
PubMed2001

The thymus gland.

This article reviews the embryology, physiology, and pathophysiology of the thymus. The anatomy of this lymphoid organ, the significance of the presence or absence of the thymus radiographically, and the role of the thymus in immunity are also reviewed. Finally, the pathologic presentation of thymic hypoplasia (DiGeorge syndrome) is discussed. Despite advances in modern science, little was known about the thymus, one of the body's key organs in the immune system, until 1961, when Dr. Jacques Miller performed thymectomies in mice. Then it became evident that the thymus played a key role in the body's defense against infection. Since that time, researchers have continued to examine the role of the thymus from fetal life through adulthood.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1989

[Changes in the argyrophil carcass of the lobules of the thymus gland during its age-related involution].

Fibrillar components of the thymus lobules have been studied in persons 9-73 years of age and in 11-30 month-old noninbred white rats. Beginning from 9-10 years of age, i. e. before the onset of age involution, in the medullary substance of the lobules argyrophil carcass is formed; it includes numerous microvessels. At the age of 30-40 years a part of argyrophil fibers is subjected to destruction. At the same time in the medullary substance adipocytes appear. Their increasing amount is accompanied with substitution of the medullary substance for adipose substance, while a part of the cortical substance is preserved. These data are confirmed, when the thymus in old animals is studied. Ultrastructural manifestations of extra- and intracellular destruction of fibers are noted in them, too. The dynamics of the fibrillar component changes in the thymus in different animal individuals is not the same and can serve as one of the criteria of its age involution.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1985

[Thymus-hypophysis-thyroid interrelation in rats after administration of a heterologous extract of thymus gland].

The Authors have investigated the effects of a thymus chromatographic fraction on TSH, T3, T4 serum values in thyroidectomized and normal controls rats before and after thymus treatment. The decrease in TSH values of thyroidectomized rats points out a possible inhibitory effect which the thymus extract may have at either the level of the adenohypophysis or hypothalamus. Moreover the TSH values in the euthyroid rats after thymus treatment showed a slight decrease, this changes are much more evident in the thyroidectomized rats after thymus treatment. In fact the plasma TSH of thyroidectomized rats drops from 97.5 +/- 4 microU/ml before thymus treatment, to 76.25 +/- 10 microU/ml after thymus treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Effects of xiaopi yishen oral liquid on hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal gland-thymus axis in stressed rats].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Xiaopi Yishen (XPYS) oral liquid on the rats under repeated forced cold water swimming (RFCWS) stress. METHODS: The changes of serum monoamine, ascorbic acid levels in adrenal gland, monoamine levels in hypothalamus and hypophysis, and thymus index were determined. RESULTS: XPYS lowered the increasing of serum DA, 5-HT, improved the reducing of ascorbic acid in adrenal gland and NE, HVA, 5-HT, 5-HITT in hypothalamus and hypophysis of RFCWS-stressed rats. CONCLUSION: The mechanism of XPYS is in connection with the regulation of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal gland-thymus axis.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Perinatal death and thymus gland.

Three hundred (300) cases of perinatal death were autopsied and the thymus was removed for histologic examination. The histologic findings were classified into five groups: a) normal-mature thymus, b) involutional changes--"Starry sky" pattern, c) involutional changes--intense lymphocytic depletion, d) hypoplasia--aplasia, e) agenesis. The perinatal deaths were classified into five groups according to Wigglesworth's classification: 1) normally formed macerated stillborn neonates, 2) congenital malformations, 3) conditions associated with immaturity, 4) asphyxial conditions developing in labor, 5) other specific conditions (e.g. known-beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection or a fatal inborn error of metabolism). The main objective was to identify a possible correlation between sex, gestational age, birth weight, thymus weight, histologic features of the thymus and cause of death. In conclusion, a strong correlation was found between: a) weight of thymus and gestational age, b) weight of thymus and birth weight, c) weight of thymus and its histologic features, d) histologic features of thymus and cause of death, e) weight of thymus and cause of death, f) gestational age and cause of death. No correlation was found between: a) gestational age and histologic features of thymus, b) birth weight and histologic features of thymus, c) weight of thymus and sex, d) histologic features of thymus and sex, e) cause of death and sex.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1996

[Changes in lymphocytopoiesis in the thymus gland of the progeny of rats receiving progesterone].

Thymus cellular content was studied in newborns and 7- and 14-days pups whose mothers were treated with progesterone in different terms of pregnancy. Progesterone was administered daily in therapeutic (0.3 mg) and tenfold (3.0 mg) dozes. It was demonstrated that progesterone impact on the cellular content of the gland depends on the duration and terms of treatment. In short time introduction of progesterone in any dose changes of lymphopoiesis were observed either in newborns (in treatment from day 10 to day 12) or both in newborns and 7-days pups (in treatment from day 15 to day 17). In administration of progesterone through the entire pregnancy lymphopoiesis was changing in newborns and 7-days pups. No changes of poiesis were observed in 14-days pups in all cases. Long-term treatment with progesterone in tenfold doze caused extension of gestation up to 26-27 days fetal mortality and even some rats death. Significant alteration of cell content was found in thymus of newborns.

Aging↗