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Tattooing gingiva is a current practice in traditional areas. Only women are concerned by it. Thus this study recommends to evaluate clinical characteristics of tattooed gingiva and their influence on the woman's beauty and elegance. This study revealed that: explored tattooed gingiva do not show any significant lesions, tattooing the gingiva remains a woman's beauty mark, its produce esthetic effects and a wellbeing.
Eyelash and eyebrow tattooing are commonly performed procedures that have a very low rate of reported complications. We describe one case of infraorbital pigmentation after eyelash tattooing and another of periorbital pigmentation after eyebrow tattooing. Although most complications related to eyelash and eyebrow tattooing, including pigment fanning, have been reported by ophthalmologists, pigment fanning is also of concern to dermatologists.
Temporary tattoos are widely applied today all over the world. The tattoo makers explain that they use "natural henna paint," although in fact they use "black henna," which includes a mixture of many substances, among them p-phenylenediamine (PPD). There have recently been many reports of allergic contact dermatitis because of temporary tattoo with PPD sensitization. We are adding a new case of temporary tattoo with black henna with an extensive reaction, in which a 12-year-old white boy showed contact dermatitis from PPD, followed by cutaneous eruption after corticosteroid topical treatment.
One hundred and seventy-five patients treated at the drug dependence outpatient ward of the Psychiatric University Clinic of Vienna were investigated in February 1990 using a standardized questionnaire which included questions concerning tattoo behaviour. The tattooing procedure, often carried out in prison and employing unsterile equipment, is a possible way of HIV-1 transmission. It is recommended that the fragmentary legislation in Austria be rewritten and made more effective. According to a ministerial order only medical doctors are allowed to procure a licence for tattooing as it is an invasive procedure. Therefore no licensed tattooing establishments controlled by public health offices exist. Their legal existence would guarantee a hygienic standard and reduce the danger of infection.
31 of 275 unselected forensic autopsy cases revealed tattoos on one or both sides of the upper extremities, which were nearly always accompanied by pigmentations of the axillary lymph nodes. The deposits of tattoo pigment could already be identified with the naked eye. Their composition reflected the colour ingredients of the tattooed skin. So this easily practicable preparation and examination of the draining lymph nodes makes it possible to establish the identity of unknown corpses by drawing conclusions about former tattoos even if they have been removed or if, owing to postmortal changes of the skin, they cannot be recognized by the forensic pathologist.
BACKGROUND: Obtaining a tattoo has become increasingly popular in recent years. However, the degree to which tattooing represents a health risk in the form of infections is still a matter of debate. The aim of the present study was to investigate the microbial content of tattooing dyes and pigments (colourants). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Microbes present in colourants used for tattooing were counted and identified using standard techniques and rapid identification systems. RESULTS: Seven of in total twelve colourants contributed by five studios contained bacteria. No fungi were found. Three solutions contained more than 10 8 bacteria/ml, chiefly aerobic, Gram-negative rods including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. No primary pathogens were found, however, the high colony counts found for some samples may represent infectious doses of a wide range of bacteria. INTERPRETATION: Although required by current regulations to be sterile, a number of colourants were highly contaminated with bacteria. The detection of bacteria in colourants necessitates a review of the studios' internal control procedures. In addition, the appropriate monitoring body should initiate testing of colourants in order to ascertain if these are contaminated at the time of purchase, or become so during use.
Tattoo pigment in the sentinel lymph nodes of melanoma patients represents a clinical challenge. If a tattoo is present in the area of the primary melanoma, the draining lymph nodes are likely to contain tattoo pigment, as well as being the site for metastatic deposits of melanoma. We describe a case report involving an elderly Caucasian male diagnosed with a Clark level-4 nodular malignant melanoma, wherein intraoperatively we encounter a darkly pigmented lymph node highly suspicious for metastatic disease. The patient had a tattoo in the vicinity of the malignant melanoma The specimen is sent for histological examination and is found to contain pigmented macrophages, but metastatic malignant melanoma is not identified. Histological confirmation of an enlarged pigmented node is essential before radical surgery is performed.
Occasionally dermatologists are consulted by previously addicted young people who want to have tattoos removed to help them achieve social integration. Most of these tattoos have been done on exposed parts of the body (hands, forearms, chest) by the patients themselves. The area of the tattoo and how obvious it is must influence the decision on whether to agree to such requests, since unrealistic expectations with regard to the cosmetic result and ignorance about the number of operations required are quite common. To give the right support, it is useful to know something about the background of such tattoos and to the desire of be rid of them.
The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in women attending the antenatal clinic at Goroka Hospital was 14%. 32% of those positive for HBsAg also had hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), indicative of an infectious state. The mean HBV DNA level in HBeAg-positive women was 1800 pg/ml. These results suggest that vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus may be of importance in Papua New Guinea. Tattooing is common in this population: 91% of women in the study had tattoos. Methods employed in tattooing are a potential health risk but in a community which is now exposed to hepatitis B virus early in life tattooing practices are not important in the transmission of hepatitis B infection.
Nine different tattoo dyes were analysed by various tests. Mixtures of organic dyes and inorganic filler were found; the inorganic filler consisted mainly of titanium dioxide (TiO2). Heavy metals, e.g. mercury, cadmium, or chrome as the common components of the traditional tattoo dyes, are capable of evoking unwanted skin reactions, but were not detected. Tattoo dyes are not officially controlled, and thus it is not known which substances-in addition to those identified by us-are presently used to produce ornamental tattoos. However, our results suggest that classic dyes have been superceded by newer, mainly synthetic dyes.
22 patients have been treated with a three minutes salabrasion, once for repeatedly, on skin areas around 41 tattoos. Following long-term results could be established with tattoos performed by laymen on forearm, upper arm or posterior, a single salabrasion produced perfectly acceptable to good results in the removal of tattoos. As to be expected, repeated salabrasion and additional skin surgery improved the results in removing tattoos. Frequently, single or repeated salabrasion resulted in hypopigmentation of the interfollicular epidermis with a more or less intensive skin-colored to brownish pigmentation of the follicle regions. The general impression of hyperpigmentation only occurred occasionally after single salabrasion and was independent of location. Single or repeated salabrasion resulted in an emphasis of the surface structure and increased wrinkling of the skin in due course, but never in scar formation.
An unusual case of generalised sarcoidosis of the skin on tattoo marks done two years for "medicinal" purposes on a 56 year old woman is presented. The lesions were lichenoid and scaly in appearance with closely grouped papules. The old tattoo marks on the skin were not involved and areas of skin between the new tattoo marks were also spared. In addition, the sarcoidosis lesion were pruritic and burning. The circumstantial evidence indicated the medical agent applied on the tattoo wounds as the provocative factor for the development of sarcoidosis of the skin.
In a prisoner population, the relationship of tattoos and tattooing to type of crime and psychiatric diagnosis was examined. The commission of crimes involving personally assaultive behavior was found to be related to the possession of tattoos. Numbers and themes of tattoos did not correlate with psychiatric diagnosis.
Tattooing of the gastrointestinal tract is used to facilitate the relocation of biopsy sites or other sites of interest at the time of subsequent biopsy or surgery. Submucosal injection of sterile india ink produces a zone of blue-black coloration that is grossly visible from both the mucosal and serosal surfaces. The pathology of gastrointestinal tattoos has only been briefly mentioned previously in the medical literature. We report two cases of gastrointestinal tattooing: one that was done to mark the margin of resection in a patient with gastric lymphoma, and the second that occurred unintentionally following the administration of activated charcoal for drug overdosage in a patient with undiagnosed active inflammatory bowel disease. Unintentional tattooing of the gastrointestinal tract has, therefore, not been reported.
Professional and amateur tattooing on women is flourishing. Understanding the tattooing procedure, the rationale for obtaining a tattoo, and the associated risks are important to better understand clients' needs and to develop health education. Nursing care for women requesting removal of their tattoos with laser therapy is presented.
Tattooing is a contemporary teen issue and a flourishing risk-taking behavior, whether the tattoos are amateur markings or studio designs. In order to assist teen clients, nurses in primary health settings need to focus on two important tasks. First, they must examine their own feelings toward tattooed adolescents before they take on the second task, the essential role of health education. Health education is important to assist adolescents become informed decision makers about tattooing.
BACKGROUND: Treatment for traumatic tattoos often results in incomplete removal of the pigment or produces unacceptable scars or textural changes. Successful results using Q-switched ruby lasers have been reported. The Q-switched neodymium:YAG laser, with a wavelength of 1064 nm and a pulse duration of 5 to 7 nanoseconds, penetrates deeper into the skin and has less interaction with melanin than the Q-switched ruby laser. OBSERVATIONS: The present study documents 32 cases of traumatic tattoos involving 51 sites of the face, trunk, and extremities in patients ranging in age from 6 to 58 years. All patients were treated with the Q-switched neodymium:YAG laser. Excellent results were noted for 50 of 51 treated tattoos. The number of treatments to achieve excellent results ranged from 1 to 6, with an average of 1.7. No scarring, atrophy, textural changes, or hypopigmentation was noted in any of the cases. Transient postinflammatory hyperpigmentation of 3 months' duration was noted in 1 patient. CONCLUSION: The Q-switched neodymium:YAG laser was effective in removing traumatic tattoos without any significant side effects.
After a brief culturo-historical introduction into the subject of tattooing, the author makes a comparison between two groups of offenders with antisocial traits, of which only one group consists of tattooed individuals. 48 characteristics concerning family history, personal biography, social situation, drug consumption habits and clinical aspects are taken into consideration. In general view, it shows, that there are very few significant differences between the two groups except for the fact, that the tattooed individuals are less characterized by a positive family history for delinquency, broken home situations and lack of a steady partner. Moreover, there is a tendency for higher education and better professional accomplishments in this group. So the question remains, whether tattoos could also be considered under the aspect of subcultural status symbols.