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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Factors affecting the retention and use of child health cards in a slum community in Kampala, Uganda, 2005.

OBJECTIVES: The child health card provides a way of following up all of the important aspects of a child's health particularly immunization and nutrition. Two previous studies in Uganda showed that up to 57% of mothers did not have their children's cards. This is likely to place the child's health and well-being at risk. Factors responsible for the low use and retention of child health cards were not known. We set out to explore and identify factors affecting child health card use and retention, and its effects on immunization. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional household survey. The study population was children 0-24 months and their mothers/caretakers. A sampling frame of eligible households was generated with the assistance of local area officials. From the sampling frame (1126), 260 households were randomly selected. Data was analyzed using the Epi Info version 3.2.2. Odds Ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were used to test for statistical significance. Logistic regression was used to control for confounding. RESULTS: Sixty-six percent of children had a child health card. Children delivered at a health facility were 4 times more likely to have a card compared to those delivered at home (AOR 3.74, 95% CI 1.35, 7.64). Children whose mothers had a health problem during pregnancy were 2(1/2) times more likely to have a card (AOR 2.4, 95% CI 1.23, 4.59), and children taken to a health facility in the 3 months preceding the survey were twice as likely to have a card (AOR 2.37, 95% CI 1.04, 3.96). Children who had cards were 10 times more likely to be up to date with the immunization schedule (OR=9.55, 95% CI 3.19, 29.45). CONCLUSIONS: Child health cards help health workers and caretakers follow up child health issues, inherently promoting child health. The factors associated with card retention include whether the mother or child used a formal facility where cards are issued. It is therefore important that the health sector promotes the utilization of antenatal care, delivery, postnatal care and other services for mother and child.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Limitation of communal latrines in changing the prevalence of parasites and diarrhoeal attack rate in Dhaka Peri-urban slums.

A study of the effects of communal latrines on diarrhoeal incidence and parasite prevalence rates was conducted in 1983 at Tongi, which had five communal Oxfam latrines with a manual flushing system for 924 people; and at Kalsi, which had 39 open fit latrines for 823 people. Inhabitants' stool samples were tested initially and also after twelve months to see the reinfection rates. All inhabitants were dewormed with pyrantel, and were visited weekly to obtain diarrhoea histories. In both communities, there were high prevalence rates of roundworm, hookworm, Trichuris trichiura, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lambia and Strongyloides stercoralis. Following the dewormings, the prevalence rates of roundworm, hookworm and Trichuris infection came down significantly, in both areas. The prevalence or reinfection rates remained identical in both communities. There was also no difference in diarrhoea incidence rate for the two areas. It is found that keeping all other variables unchanged, use of communal latrines, without strict disposal of everyone's excreta, does not affect parasite prevalence and diarrhoea rates. People must be educated about the use of communal latrines and the safe disposal of all excreta, including that of children.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Periodic deworming with albendazole and its impact on growth status and diarrhoeal incidence among children in an urban slum of India.

This study was undertaken to measure the impact of periodic deworming with albendazole on growth status and incidence of diarrhoea in children aged 2-5 years in an urban setting in India and to assess the feasibility of local health workers implementing the procedures involved. This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, community-based intervention trial with 702 children randomly allocated to receive either albendazole or placebo. The two study groups received two doses of albendazole (400 mg) or placebo six months apart. Mean weight increased significantly in the albendazole group compared to the control group at three months, six months and nine months following treatment (P<0.01, P<0.01 and P<0.001 respectively). The albendazole group also experienced fewer episodes of diarrhoea than their control counterparts (relative risk 1.3, 95% CI 1.07-1.53) with a 28% reduction. The health workers administered the correct dosage satisfactorily and there were no adverse effects. Thus, periodic mass deworming with albendazole would seem to be a safe and effective method that could be adopted at the community level or as an integral part of school health services and could be expected to improve growth and reduce the incidence of diarrhoea in children.

Albendazole↗
PubMed2006

The malaria and typhoid fever burden in the slums of Kolkata, India: data from a prospective community-based study.

Recent research has indicated that the malaria burden in Asia may have been vastly underestimated. We conducted a prospective community-based study in an impoverished urban site in Kolkata, India, to estimate the burden of malaria and typhoid fever and to identify risk factors for these diseases. In a population of 60452 people, 3605 fever episodes were detected over a 12-month period. The blood films of 93 febrile patients contained Plasmodium (90 P. vivax, 2 P. falciparum and 1 P. malariae). Blood cultures from 95 patients grew Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi. Malaria patients were found to be significantly older (mean age 29 years) compared with patients with typhoid fever (15 years; P<0.001) but had similar clinical features on presentation. Having a household member with malaria, illiteracy, low household income and living in a structure not built of bricks were associated with an increased risk for malaria. Having a household member with typhoid fever and poor hygiene were associated with typhoid fever. A geographic analysis of the spatial distribution of malaria and typhoid fever cases detected high-risk neighbourhoods for each disease. Focal interventions to minimise human-vector contact and improved personal hygiene and targeted vaccination campaigns could help to prevent malaria and typhoid fever in this site.

Adolescent↗