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PubMed1994

[Resistance to activated protein C, so-called APC resistance: the first two cases in Slovakia].

For the anticoagulant action of activated protein C (APC) in addition to protein S another newly detected cofactor is essential. Its deficiency is described as APC-resistance. This defect which is closely associated with the molecule of the factor V seems to be the most frequent cause of thrombophilia. The authors describe two patients where APC-resistance was diagnosed for the first time in Slovakia.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[The first selective coronarographies in the former Czecho-Slovakia].

The study observes the history and the beginning of selective coronarographies performed in the territory of the Slovak Republic. The first aortocoronary bypass in Slovakia was performed in Bratislava. It was realized by the team of the Surgical Clinic of Academician Dérer in november 1969, namely on the basis of coronarographic examinations which were performed by Smrecanský, Cagán and Krajcovic. Coronographies have been performed in the Central X-ray Department of the Hospital and Clinic of Academician Dérer since the end of the year 1968. During the period of december 1968 to june 1970 selective coronographies were realized in 70 patients and they represented the first performances of this method in former Czechoslovakia. (Ref. 8.)

Coronary Angiography↗
PubMed1975

[Etiology of dairy cows mastitis in Slovakia in the years 1972-1974].

In the period from 1972 to 1974, veterinary institutes in Slovakia performed bacteriological examinations in 178,853 milk samples coming from 72,454 dairy cows. On an annual average, the number of examined samples were higher by 61% than in 1967-1971. Germs responsible for the inflammation of the mammary gland were found in the milk of 22.32% of the dairy cows. The following bacterial germs were represented: Streptococcus agalactiae -- 15.77%, Staphylococcus aureus -- 4.19%, other streptococci -- 1.49%, E. coli -- 0.18%, Klebsiella sp. -- 0.23%, Corynebacterium pyogenes -- 0.20%, other germs -- 0.26%. The number of dairy cows having bacterial germs in their milk was found higher by 1.47% than in 1967-1971. The number of the findings of Streptococcus agalactiae was higher by 3.29% and that of Staphylococcus aureus by 1.15% than in the period from 1967 to 1971. The higher number of the findings of the bacterial causative agents responsible for mastitis was due, in particular, to the increased number of the findings of Streptococcus agalactiae in milk.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Etiology of mastitis in dairy cows in Slovakia during 1972-1974].

In the period from 1972 to 1974, veterinary institutes in Slovakia performed bacteriological examinations in 178,853 milk samples coming from 72,454 dairy cows. On an annual average, the number of examined samples was higher by 61% than in 1967-1971. Germs responsible for the inflammation of the mammary gland were found in the milk of 22.32% of the dairy cows. The following bacterial germs were represented: Streptococcus agalactiae - 15.77%, Staphylococcus aureus - 4.19%, other streptococci - 1.49%, E. coli - 0.18%, Klebsiella sp. - 0.23%, Corynebacterium pyogenes - 0.20%, other germs - 0.26%. The number of dairy cows having bacterial germs in their milk was found higher by 1.47% than in 1967-1971. The number of the findings of Streptococcus agalactiae was higher by 3.29% and that of Straphylococcus aureus by 1.15% than in the period from 1967 to 1971. The higher number of the findings of the bacterial causative agents responsible for mastitis was due, in particular, to the increased number of the findings of Streptococcus agalactiae in milk.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Etiology of mastitidos in dairy cows in Slovakia during 1975].

In 1975, in the veterinary institutes in Slovakia bacteriological examinations of 54824 samples of milk coming from 28737 dairy cows were performed. Bacterial germs responsible for the inflammation of the mammary gland were found in the milk of 18.91% of cows. These were: Streptococcus agalactiae (in 13.93% of cows), Staphylococcus aureus (2.86%), other streptococci (1.32%), E. coli (0.13%), Klebsiella sp. (0.13%), Corynebacterium pyogenes (0.15%), other bacterial germs (0.39%). Streptococci and staphylococci, taken together, represented 95.83% of all bacterial germs, Streptococcus agalactiae representing 73.72%. In comparison with the situation existing in 1974, a drop was found in the occurrence rate of the germs of Streptococcus agalactiae (by 2.94%) and Staphylococcus aureus (by 1.16%).

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Incidence of malignant tumors in Slovakia. I. Levels and trends 1968-1989].

In the period from 1968-1989 an increase in the overall incidence of malignant tumors was recorded in men. Of the individual localizations a particularly marked increase was recorded in tumors of the lung, followed by tumors of the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, pancreas, urinary bladder, kidney (related to smoking), as well as of the testis and prostate gland. In women the values of overall incidence were lower and the trends were relatively stabilized. This is due to the relatively slow increase in the incidence in cancer of the breast and female reproductive organs and to the slight increase in cancer of the lung. Cancer of the kidney, urinary bladder and pancreas exhibited increased incidence. Low values, stabilized and even decreasing trends were recorded in the incidence of cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, and larynx, as compared to values found in men. In both sexes the incidence of cancer of the stomach showed a pronounced decrease, while the incidence of cancer of the colon and rectum was increasing. A smaller or greater rise was found also in the incidence of tumors of the hematopoietic and lymphatic tissues (except Hodgkins's disease). The trends observed in the incidence of malignant tumors in Slovakia are suggestive of their uncontrolled course, not affected by preventive measures. Yet the findings provide important information for directing the measures so as to aim at localizations of priority. (Tab. 2, Fig. 7, Ref. 20.)

Czechoslovakia↗
PubMed1993

[Serodiagnosis of larval toxocariasis in Slovakia].

The results of serological examinations performed over the years 1986 to 1990 in patients suspected of larval toxocariasis, coming from different Institutes of National Health in Slovakia, are reported. Seropositivity was within the range from 9.38 to 23.56%. The five-year average was 17.72%, with a predominance of seropositivity in the country. Age-related analysis of the series of patients did not show any significant difference of seropositivity in children and adults (18.00 and 17.21% respectively). Higher seropositivity rates were found in boys (20.73%) compared to girls (14.69%). This was found to be reversed in adults, where women had higher seropositivity rates than men (20.61 and 12.08% respectively). The ocular for of larval toxocariasis showed a higher prevalence in adults. (Tab. 4, Fig. 1, Ref. 18.)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Incidence of rheumatic fever in Slovakia during the last 20 years].

The incidence of rheumatic fever has a declining trend in Slovakia. In 1972 there were 26.7 primary attacks and 8.7 relapses per 100,000 children aged 0-14 years, in 1990 there are 0.5 primary attacks and 0.4 relapses and in 1991 0.4 primary attacks and no relapses. The interregional (former regions) distribution was to the disadvantage of eastern parts but gradually this was evened out. Rheumatic fever occurs in girls and boys, in the majority mild arthritis forms are involved with unequivocal regression of carditic-arthritic forms. The decline can be ascribed to the rising socio-economic standard and health care.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Susceptibility of peach GF 305 seedlings and selected herbaceous plants to plum pox virus isolates from western Slovakia.

The susceptibility of peach GF 305 seedlings and herbaceous plants to five plum pox virus (PPV) isolates from orchards of western Slovakia was investigated. PPV was isolated from diseased plum, apricot and peach trees, and transmitted by chip-budding to peach GF 305. The herbaceous plants were infected by mechanical inoculation. The transmission was analysed by symptomatology and double sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). Infected peaches developed leaf distortion, tissue clearing along the veins and small chlorotic spots (isolate BOR-3). With exception of BOR-3, the PPV isolates transmitted from peach caused local chlorotic spots on Chenopodium foetidum. The character of symptoms changed when a sap from PPV-infected Nicotiana benthamiana was used as virus inoculum. From N. benthamiana, the PPV isolates could be transmitted to Pisum sativum, cv. Colmo (light green mosaic), N. clevelandii and N. clevelandii x N. glutinosa hybrid (latent infection or chlorotic spots).

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay↗
PubMed1978

[Isolation and identification of Clamydia psittaci as the pathogen in enzootic abortion of sheep in eastern Slovakia].

Abortions in ewes occurred on a large scale in three localities in eastern Slovakia. Antibodies to the group-type ornithosis antigen were detected in titres of 1 : 128 to 1 : 2048 in the aborting ewes in the mentioned localities. Suspensions were prepared from the four samples of material, obtained either from the placentae and afterbirths of the aborting ewes or from the tissues of the aborted foetuses. Seven-day old yolk sacs of chicken embryos were infected with these suspensions. Four strains of Chlamydia psittaci were isolated and designated EPO-A2-uterus, EPO-B1 aborted foetus-lung, EPO-B2-aborted foetus-lung, EPO-B3-aborted foetus-spleen. Differential diagnosis eliminated some bacteria, toxoplasma, and parainfluenza-3 virus as possible agents responsible for the abortions.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed2003

Novel MLH1 and MSH2 germline mutations in the first HNPCC families identified in Slovakia.

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is a dominantly-inherited cancer predisposition syndrome, in which the susceptibility to cancer of the colon, endometrium and ovary is linked to germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes. We have recently initiated a cancer prevention program in suspected HNPCC families in the Slovak Republic. The first ten families fulfilling Amsterdam criteria or Bethesda guidelines were screened for germline mutations in MLH1 and MSH2, two MMR genes most frequently mutated in HNPCC families. Six mutations were identified, five of which have not been reported previously. Two of the three new mutations in MLH1 (c.380+2T>A; c.307-2A>C) were absent from 100 chromosomes of healthy controls and probably cause a splicing defect, while the third was a 1 bp deletion (c.1261delA). In the MSH2 gene, one new nonsense (c.1030C>T [p.Q344X]) and one missense (c.524T>C [p.L175P]) mutation were identified. This latter variant was not found in 104 alleles of healthy control individuals. Moreover, a previously-reported pathogenic mutation (c.677G>T [p.R226L]) was found in one kindred. The clinical data and the genotypic and phenotypic evaluation of the tumors indicate that all the new alterations are pathogenic HNPCC mutations.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing↗
PubMed2002

An ecologic study of nitrate in municipal drinking water and cancer incidence in Trnava District, Slovakia.

Contamination of drinking water by nitrate is an evolving public health concern since nitrate can undergo endogenous reduction to nitrite, and nitrosation of nitrites can form N-nitroso compounds, which are potent carcinogens. We conducted an ecologic study to determine whether nitrate levels in drinking water were correlated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and cancers of the digestive and urinary tracts in an agricultural district (Trnava District; population 237,000) of the Slovak Republic. Routinely collected nitrate data (1975-1995) for villages using public water supplies were computerized, and each village was categorized into low (0-10 mg/L), medium (10.1-20 mg/L), or high (20.1-50 mg/L) average levels of total nitrate in drinking water. Observed cases of cancer in each of these villages were ascertained through the district cancer registry for the time period 1986-1995. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all cancer and selected cancer sites were calculated by indirect standardization using age- and sex-specific incidence rates from the entire district. For all cancer in women, SIRs increased from villages with low (SIR=0.87; 95% CI 0.72-0.95) to medium (SIR=1.07; 95% CI 1.00-1.13) to high (SIR=1.14; 1.06-1.22) levels of nitrate (P for trend <0.001); there was a similar trend for all cancer in men from low (SIR=0.90; 95% CI 0.81-0.99) to medium (SIR=1.08, 95% CI 1.02-1.16), but not for high (SIR=0.94; 0.88-1.02), nitrate levels (P for trend <0.001). This pattern in the SIRs (from low to high nitrate level) was also seen for stomach cancer in women (0.81, 0.94, 1.24; P for trend=0.10), colorectal cancer in women (0.64, 1.11, 1.29; P for trend <0.001) and men (0.77, 0.99, 1.07; P for trend=0.051), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma in women (0.45, 0.90, 1.35; P for trend=0.13) and men (0.25, 1.66, and 1.09; P for trend=0.017). There were no associations for kidney or bladder cancer. These ecologic data support the hypothesis that there is a positive association between nitrate in drinking water and non-Hodgkin lymphoma and colorectal cancer.

Digestive System Neoplasms↗
PubMed1995

PKU in Slovakia: mutation screening and haplotype analysis.

The restriction fragment length polymorphism haplotypes and seven common mutations in the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene were analysed in 49 unrelated Slovak phenylketonuria (PKU) families of Caucasian origin. The predominant mutation in this population sample is R408W, with a frequency of 45.9%. In addition, four other mutations have been identified at relatively high frequencies: IVS12nt1, 10.2%; R158Q, 7.1%; R261Q, 7.1%; R252W, 2.0%. The mutation-haplotype associations correspond to those described in other European populations. The high proportion of mutations (72.4%) amenable to simple rapid detection based on the polymerase chain reaction provides a good basis for direct DNA-diagnosis of PKU in the Slovak population.

Haplotypes↗
PubMed1994

Comparison of selected nutritional indicators in children in Slovakia in 1988 and 1992.

Selected indicators of nutritional status in children and adolescents assessed in 1988 and 1992 were compared in relation to changed food consumption trends caused by liberalization of food prices. In 1992, 1507 individuals aged 11-18 years were examined and the results were compared with those of children and adolescents of the same age group examined in 1988. Negative changes in food habits are probably the cause of persisting high levels of serum lipids and increasing frequency of hypoascorbinaemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Serotypic characterization of group A rotaviruses associated with children's diarrhea in Slovakia.

A total of 368 rotavirus RNA-positive (PAGE) stool samples collected continually during 1992-95 from infants and young children under five years of age hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis were serotyped using an enzyme immunoassay with VP7-specific monoclonal antibodies (ELISA with MAbs) for serotypes G1-G4. The serotype was identified in 106 stool samples (29%). Comparison of electropherotype and serotype profile in individual samples did not show any remarkable correlation. The members of three electropherotypes (A, C, K) belonged to all 4 serotypes. The representatives of two electropherotypes (E, G) and of mixed electropherotype did not react with any of the specific monoclonal antibodies used. The distribution of the serotypes was scored as 52, 13, 14 and 7.5% for G1 G4, respectively, whereas 13% of samples reacted with two or more type-specific monoclonal antibodies. The G1 serotype dominated during the period followed.

Antigens, Viral↗