Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Sexual Development”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Ontogeny of the androgen receptor in rat ventral prostate during sexual development.

Concentrations of cytosolic androgen receptor, DNA and soluble protein, contents of DHT, and in-vivo uptake of 3H-DHT were measured in rat ventral prostates at 5-day intervals during sexual development. Regarding prostate weight two phases of growth were noted being separated by a period of stagnation from Day 40 to 45. Cytosolic androgen receptor, particle-bound DHT, and uptake of 3H-DHT into the 100,000-g sediment showed a clear pattern: a maximum in the prepubertal animal at age Day 20, a minimum at age Day 30 (4 days after the early pubertal rise of LH, testosterone, and DHT) followed by a second maximum on Day 55 (2 days before the beginning of fertility), and a second minimum in the young mature animal on Day 70. An intermediate peak seen at age Day 37 was not significant. Neither the time-dependent profile of the cytosolic androgen receptor nor the contents and in vivo uptake of DHT were correlated to concentrations of circulating gonadotrophins, growth hormone, and sex-steroids measured during puberty in the same strain of animals. Therefore, the regulating mechanism remains unclear.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Sexual development in marsupials: genetic characterization of bandicoot siblings with scrotal and testicular maldevelopment.

In marsupials testis determination requires the presence of a Y chromosome. The sex determining region on the Y gene (SRY) is necessary for testicular development in eutherians and it is assumed to play a similar role in marsupials. Relatively few studies have investigated the genetic basis of sexual development, and as yet there is no direct evidence that SRY is required for testis development in marsupials. Studies on intersexual marsupials have revealed a fundamental difference between marsupial and eutherian sex determination. The scrotum of marsupials is analogous, not homologous, to the eutherian scrotum and is under the control of X-linked genes not androgens. The current study describes two bandicoot (Isoodon macrourus) siblings. Both siblings had underdeveloped male reproductive tracts and testicular dysgenesis, one was ascrotal and the other had a diminutive scrotum. Their karyotypes were normal for this species which eliminates the Y chromosome from some somatic tissues. SRY was detected by Southern blotting. SRY, ubiquitin activating enzyme-1 on the Y (UBE1Y) and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) gene expression were examined. UBE1Y was widely expressed in many tissues. SRY gene expression was much lower than normal in the abnormal siblings and may be responsible for their failure of testicular and epididymal development. The cause of their scrotal abnormalities is unknown. It is possible that the separate defects of scrotal and testis development in the two siblings, which had normal relatives, were due to a mutation in a gene common to both developmental pathways.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Attitudes, opinions, and sexual development of 205 homosexual women.

Two hundred and five homosexual women, aged 15 to 50, were surveyed as to their attitudes and experiences in the areas of education, religion, family experiences, marriage, friendship, personal happiness, sexual development and satisfaction, psychological adjustment, and occupational status. The investigation discovered a high rate of only-child status among lesbian women, a tendency toward ambivalence of opinion on many issues, and a general lack of insight into self and others. Comparisons with other research on female homosexuality were made.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2004

Effects of 17beta-estradiol on survival, growth, sexual development and molting cycles of the marine crustacean mysid shrimp, Americamysis bahia.

A 14-day partial life-cycle test was performed to assess the effects of 17beta-estradiol (E2) on the survival, growth, sexual development and molting cycles of a marine crustacean mysid shrimp (Americamysis bahia). Seven-day-old mysids were exposed to the nominal E2 concentrations of 31.3, 62.5, 125, 250 and 500 microg/l for 14 days. The total length and the body weight of mysids significantly decreased relative to the controls when exposed to 62.5, 250 and 500 microg/l E2 for 14 days. Moreover, the carapace length significantly decreased in the 500 microg/l E2 treatment groups. No significant differences were observed in sex ratio with the appearance of secondary sex characteristics in the all treatment groups including the control and solvent control groups. However, the percentage of females with eggs in the oviduct or brood sac decreased significantly in mysids treated with E2 at 62.5, 125, 250 and 500 microg/l. The cumulative total number of molting cycles when exposed to E2 for 14 days significantly decreased in the treatment groups at 500 microg/l relative to the controls. These results suggest that concentrations of E2 over 62.5 microg/l may cause growth suppression in mysid shrimp, and that the disruption of molting cycles may result in alterations in growth due to a sublethal response to toxicant exposure.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Cell identity and sexual development in Cryptococcus neoformans are controlled by the mating-type-specific homeodomain protein Sxi1alpha.

Virulence in the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans is associated with the alpha mating type. Studies to identify the properties of alpha cells that enhance pathogenesis have led to the identification of a mating-type locus of unusually large size and distinct architecture. Here, we demonstrate that the previously identified MATalpha components are insufficient to regulate sexual differentiation, and we identify a novel alpha-specific regulator, SXI1alpha. Our data show that SXI1alpha establishes alpha cell identity and controls progression through the sexual cycle, and we discover that ectopic expression of SXI1alpha in a cells is sufficient to drive a/alpha sexual development. SXI1alpha is the first example of a key regulator of cell identity and sexual differentiation in C. neoformans, and its identification and characterization lead to a new model of how cell fate and the sexual cycle are controlled in C. neoformans.

Cryptococcus neoformans↗
PubMed2001

Abnormalities in sexual development of the amphipod Gammarus pulex (L.) found below sewage treatment works.

Increasing numbers of widely used industrial, agricultural, and natural chemicals are known to elicit endocrine-disrupting effects in a wide range of vertebrate and invertebrate species. The objective of this study was to determine whether the sexual development of the freshwater crustacean Gammarus pulex (L.) was affected below sewage treatment works (STW) previously known to contain endocrine-disrupting chemicals in their effluent. The gonadal structure, external sexual characteristics, and size of gammarids from exposed sites were compared to those of gammarids from a reference site. No significant difference was found in the gonadal structure of males collected below two STW. However, a highly significant number of females collected from a site known to elicit high estrogenic responses in vertebrates displayed an abnormal structure of oocytes in vitellogenesis. Body size was significantly shorter and male/female size differential was significantly reduced below one of the STW. Analysis of gnathopod and genital papillae length data suggests that different allometric relationships of these organs to body size exist between sample sites.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of the experimental androgenization of the male on the physical and sexual development of his progeny].

The author estimated the impact of exogenous testosterone administration (1 mg/kg) to the male rats on the postnatal development of their offspring. The males were copulated with intact females 48 and 2 days after injection. The treatment of the male rats with testosterone 2 days before mating caused disorders in the sexual development and behavior formation of offspring of both sexes. The exogenous testosterone effects on spermatoblasts of the father promoted to the development of disorders in the formation of behavioral and emotional activities only in the female offspring.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

The müllerian inhibitor and mammalian sexual development.

The elegant embryological experiments of Jost demonstrated the existence of a foetal testicular factor that is required to cause the regression of the müllerian duct system, the anlagen of the uterus, oviducts and upper portion of the vagina, during male sexual development. The müllerian inhibitor currently known as müllerian-inhibiting substance (MIS) or anti-müllerian hormone (AMH), is a member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family of growth and differentiation factors. The genetic manipulation of the mouse germline has lead to the generation of animal models for MIS function. Female transgenic mice that chronically express MIS during embryogenesis are born without a uterus or oviducts and their ovaries lose germ cells and degenerate, recapitulating the phenotype of the bovine freemartin. Some male transgenic mice from very high MIS-expressing lines are feminized, suggesting alterations in androgen biosynthesis. Male mice homozygous for a targeted mutation of the MIS gene develop as male pseudohermaphrodites with both male (testes and Wolffian duct-derived) and female (müllerian duct-derived) reproductive organs. Most are infertile because the development of two reproductive systems physically blocks the exit of sperm from these males. In addition, Leydig cell hyperplasia is detected in a proportion of these males and in one case a Leydig cell tumour was found. Recently, a gene encoding a TGF-beta family type II Ser/Thr kinase membrane-bound receptor has been isolated that is expressed in both male and female gonads and in the mesenchyme surrounding the müllerian ducts during embryogenesis. These findings suggest that MIS-mediated müllerian duct regression occurs indirectly through mesenchymal tissue. A targeted mutation of this receptor has been established in the mouse germline. Mice homozygous for this receptor mutation should be useful in understanding the MIS signalling pathway for müllerian duct regression and gonadal function.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Cloning and expression studies during vegetative growth and sexual development of Psp2, a serine protease gene from Pyrenopeziza brassicae.

A serine protease gene designated Pyrenopeziza brassicae serine protease 2 (Psp2) was cloned from the plant pathogenic fungus Pyrenopeziza brassicae and its expression analysed. Psp2 was transcribed in equal levels during both vegetative growth and sexual development and showed no differential expression in the presence of exogenous protein or during starvation.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

[Genetics of sexual development and its disorders].

Different hypotheses for genetic control of sexual differentiation in humans are discussed. Information on structure and manifestation of genes determining development of internal and external male genitals is considered. The process of discovering the gene responsible for differentiation of the indifferent fetal gonad into testes is described. The etiological problems of sexual development disorders are considered on the basis of knowledge obtained by modern molecular and genetic methods.

Disorders of Sex Development↗
PubMed1988

The role of sterility genes (ste and aff) in the initiation of sexual development in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

Haploid homothallic strains of Schizosaccharomyces pombe with mutations in any of nine "sterility genes" (ste) do not mate with wild-type fertile strains. Those defective in genes ste1 to ste4 and ste7 to ste9 are also deficient in meiosis and sporulation. I found that the ste1, ste3 and ste8 genes act very early in the sexual development, presumably before the pat1-controlled conjugation-specific event. ste5 and ste6 exert their function downstream of pat1 in the initiation of conjugation and do not play any role in the meiotic pathway. ste2, ste4, ste7 and ste9 are involved in both sexual pathways: they seem to act downstream of pat1 in conjugation but upstream of pat1 in the initiation of meiosis. A new gene, aff1, whose defective allele suppresses the pat1-114-provoked haploid sporulation and arrest of vegetative growth is also described. It is supposed that the aff1+ gene product participates in a cascade of regulatory events, as a factor antagonistic to pat1.

Alleles↗
PubMed1986

Phagocytic specificity during sexual development in Dictyostelium discoideum.

During the sexual cycle of Dictyostelium discoideum, zygote giant cells develop and serve as foci for further development by chemoattracting and cannibalizing hundreds of local amoebae. Previous work has shown that the phagocytic process bears similarities to and differences from asexual endocytosis. In the present study, sexual phagocytosis in D. discoideum was found to be species and developmental stage specific. It was inhibited selectively by glucose and concanavalin A. Although a partial, inhibitory effect of mannose on phagocytosis was not statistically significant, alpha-methylmannosamine, like alpha-methyl-glucose, significantly restored the phagocytic competence of giant cells treated with concanavalin A. Other sugars (N-acetyl-glucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine, and galactose) and lectins (wheat germ agglutinin, Ulex europus type I, and Ricinis communis agglutinin type I) had no significant effect on sexual phagocytosis. Together these data indicate that a glucose-type receptor is involved in selective uptake of D. discoideum amoebae by giant cells.

Carbohydrates↗