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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Medicinal foodstuffs. XVII. Fenugreek seed. (3): structures of new furostanol-type steroid saponins, trigoneosides Xa, Xb, XIb, XIIa, XIIb, and XIIIa, from the seeds of Egyptian Trigonellafoenum-graecum L.

Six new furostanol-type steroid saponins called trigoneosides Xa, Xb, XIb, XIIa, XIIb, and XIIIa were isolated from the seeds of Egyptian Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (Leguminosae) together with six known furostanol-type steroid saponins: trigoneosides Ia, Ib, and Va, glycoside D, trigonelloside C, and compound C. The structures of trigoneosides Xa, Xb, Xlb, XIIa, Xllb, and XIIIa were determined on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence as 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(25S)-5alpha-furostane-2alpha+ ++,3beta,22xi,26-tetraol 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-,beta-D-glucopyranoside, 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-5alpha-furostane-2 alpha,beta,22xi,26tetraol 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(l -->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-5alpha-furostane2alpha++ +,beta,22xi,26-tetraol 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl(l -->4)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(25S)-furost-4-ene-3beta,22xi,26- triol 3-O-Ca-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-furost-4-ene-3beta,22xi+ ++,26-triol 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(25S)-furost-5-ene-3beta,22xi,26-t riol 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->3)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1--4)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside, respectively.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Effects of aqueous extract of deoiled neem (Azadirachta Indica A. juss) seed kernel and karanja (Pongamia Glabra vent) seed kernel against Culex quinquefasciatus.

Aqueous extract obtained from deoiled neem and karanja seed kernels (ADNSD and ADKSK) were assessed for their toxic and growth regulating activities against Cx quinquefaciatus treated as first instar larvae. ADNSK at various concentrations was effective on the growth regulating mechanism, inducing prolonged larval stages. However, 100% larval mortality was observed, especially during the first and the second instars at all the tested concentrations. ADKSK caused 100% mortality in the fourth instar larvae and prepupae at the concentration of 100 ppm with no significant effect on the developmental period. The adults emerging from treated (50 ppm) larvae were smaller in size and malformed. We found ADNSK to be more effective than ADKSK.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Effects of cell seeding density and collagen concentration on contraction kinetics of mesenchymal stem cell-seeded collagen constructs.

Our group has been engineering cell-scaffold constructs to improve tendon repair by contracting mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in collagen gels and then evaluating their repair potential in wound sites in rabbits. Because the construct's initial conditions may influence the ultimate repair outcome, this two-part study sought to distinguish which factors most influence contraction kinetics in culture. (1)We optically determined if varying cell-to-collagen ratio significantly affected construct contraction. Temporal changes in construct area were monitored up to 168 h for 4 cell-to-collagen ratios (HK = 0.04, LK = 0.08, HM = 0.4, and LM = 0.8, where H, L = 2.6, 1.3 mg/mL collagen and K,M = 0.1, 1 million cells/mL, respectively).A mathematical model was created with terms that represent the different combinations of cell densities and collagen concentrations in order to predict the contraction kinetics as a function of time. Highly significant differences in construct areas were found among all 4 ratios after 8 h of contraction with the exception of the LK (0.08) vs. HM(0.4) conditions. This similar pattern raised the question of whether cell density or collagen concentration more influenced these events. (2) To isolate these effects, the contraction kinetics of the HM construct were compared to those of a new construct (L5K) with equivalent cell-to-collagen ratio (0.4) but half the cell density (500 K MSCs/mL) and half the collagen concentration (1.3 mg/mL). The L5K construct contracted significantly faster and more completely than the HM construct but no differently than the LM construct. These results indicate that above a threshold value of cell density, percentage reductions in collagen concentration influence contraction kinetics more than equivalent percentage increases in cell seeding density. The fact that our model successfully predicted intermediate time points of contraction suggests its utility for examining other cell and collagen densities. Controlling scaffold as well as cellular initial conditions will be critical in achieving our goal of functional tissue engineering (FTE) a successful tendon repair.

Animals↗
PubMed1967

Phytochrome and Seed Germination. III. Action of Prolonged Far Red Irradiation on the Germination of Tomato and Cucumber Seeds.

Prolonged irradiation with continuous or intermittent far red prevents the germination of tomato and cucumber seeds. The inhibitory efficiency of intermittent far red decreases with the lengthening of the interval between successive irradiations, and with the increase of temperature. If each far red irradiation is followed by red, germination is restored. Intermittent far red is less inhibitory than intermittent red-far red when red is given immediately before each far red. This effect is more evident when the interval between successive irradiation becomes longer.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1974

Phytochrome and Seed Germination: VI. Phytochrome and Temperature Interaction in the Control of Cucumber Seed Germination.

Phytochrome control of cucumber seed germination is temperature-dependent. A prolonged exposure to radiation from broad spectrum far red sources (Pfr/P = 0.05 to 0.07) prevents germination at temperatures below 20 C. Above 20 C there is no inhibition and it appears as if there is an escape from phytochrome control. However, radiation from a monochromatic, narrow band 730 nanometer source (Pfr/P < 0.02) inhibits germination at temperatures above 20 C. This result supports the idea that, even at high temperatures, Pfr is responsible for the activation of germination. After 4 days of exposure to far red, a short red irradiation is quite effective in promoting germination if temperatures during the dark incubation periods are maintained below 20 C; red becomes effective at temperatures above 20 C. Promotion of germination will take place at a temperature of 25 C or higher without red irradiation. Again, we have an apparent escape from phytochrome control at high temperatures. However, if higher temperatures are used for only short periods, 2 to 6 hours, in combination with short red irradiation, one can demonstrate that activation of germination at high temperatures is still dependent on phytochrome. Phytochrome is probably destroyed during prolonged exposure to far red. Thus, the subsequent short red irradiation establishes levels of Pfr which may not be sufficient to promote germination at low temperatures but are probably adequate at high temperatures.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1981

Enzymic Mechanism of Starch Breakdown in Germinating Rice Seeds: 10. IN VIVO AND IN VITRO SYNTHESIS OF alpha-AMYLASE IN RICE SEED SCUTELLUM.

Scutellar tissues were dissected from germinating rice seeds and the incorporation of [(35)S]methionine into the alpha-amylase molecule was examined by in vivo and in vitro assay systems. Immunoprecipitation with monospecific anti-alpha-amylase immunoglobulin G raised against the purified enzyme preparation and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography were used to identify alpha-amylase and its possible precursor molecule. Using freshly prepared scutellar tissues, it was demonstrated that alpha-amylase is synthesized de novo in the scutellar epithelium and secreted into endosperm. The synthesis of alpha-amylase directed by the polyadenylic acid-containing ribonucleic acid isolated from the scutellar tissues was also established using the translation system of either wheat germ extract or reticulocyte lysate. The immunoprecipitable product obtained in the in vitro translation system was smaller in molecular weight than that synthesized in vivo on the basis of mobilities in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Results are discussed in relation to the processing of the nascent polypeptide precursor of the enzyme molecule and the introduction of the oligosaccharide chain to the cleaved polypeptide to make up the mature form of alpha-amylase.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

GM1 ganglioside and the seeding of amyloid in Alzheimer's disease: endogenous seed for Alzheimer amyloid.

A fundamental question about the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is how monomeric, nontoxic amyloid beta-protein (Abeta) is converted to its toxic aggregates in the brain. The author previously identified a unique Abeta species in the AD brain, which is characterized by its binding to GM1 ganglioside (GM1). On the basis of the molecular characteristics of GM1-bound Abeta (GAbeta), the author hypothesized that GM1 plays a critical role in the process. The author recently examined this possibility using a novel monoclonal antibody raised against purified GAbeta and validated that GAbeta is endogenously generated in the brain and accelerates Abeta assembly by acting as a seed. Furthermore, the author provided a possibility that aging and the expression of apolipoprotein E4 facilitate Abeta assembly in the brain through an increase in the GM1 content in the neuronal membranes, which likely induces GAbeta generation. The author's results imply a mechanism underlying the onset of AD and also provide a new insight into development of novel therapeutic strategy.

Aging↗
PubMed1993

Phytochemical studies of seeds of medicinal plants. III. Ursolic acid and oleanolic acid glycosides from seeds of Patrinia scabiosaefolia Fischer.

Three isomeric pairs of ursolic acid (1, 3, and 5) and oleanolic acid (2, 4, and 6) glycosides were isolated as predominant constituents from seeds of Patrinia scabiosaefolia Fischer (Valerianaceae). Based on chemical and spectral evidence, their structures were established to be 3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl] ursolic acid (1) and oleanolic acid (2), 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl] ursolic acid (3) and oleanolic acid (4), and 3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl- (1-->3)]-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl] ursolic acid (5) and oleanolic acid (6), respectively. Glycosides 1, 5, and 6 are new compounds and named as patrinia-glycosides A-I, B-I, and B-II, respectively. Glycoside 3 is a known but is the first naturally occurring product. Ursolic acid glycosides were first found from this plant specimen.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗