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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

SAD phasing with triiodide, softer X-rays and some help from radiation damage.

SAD data on a triiodide derivative of porcine pancreatic elastase have been recorded from a single sample using 2.0 A wavelength X-rays. The large anomalous signal of iodine at this wavelength allowed the detection of heavy-atom sites and subsequent structure determination using low-redundancy data. Substantial radiation damage was observed during the measurements and this prevented the merging together of all data. However, a straightforward treatment of the radiation effects on the heavy-atom model during parameter refinement resulted in additional phase information being gleaned from the observed reduction in iodine occupancy factors, which in turn produced a significant improvement in the quality of the electron-density map.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Making the most of two crystals: structural analysis of a conserved hypothetical protein using native gel screening and SAD phasing.

The protein PAE2307 is a member of a protein family of unknown function which is conserved among a number of bacterial and archaeal species. The protein was overexpressed in Escherichia coli, purified and crystallized in two crystal forms. The prevalent form was twinned, but the other diffracted to 1.45 A resolution. The non-twinned crystals proved difficult to reproduce, so screening of potential heavy-atom derivatives by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to establish suitable derivatization conditions. This process enabled the production of a K(2)Pt(NO2)4 derivative that was used to collect a single-wavelength anomalous diffraction (SAD) data set from the only available crystal. Phase information of high quality was obtained, enabling the calculation of an interpretable electron-density map.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2003

Crystallization of the pectate lyase PelI from Erwinia chrysanthemi and SAD phasing of a gold derivative.

The pectate lyase PelI is involved in the degradation of plant tissues by the phytopathogenic bacterium Erwinia chrysanthemi. It has been crystallized from a solution containing PEG 550 in the space group P2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 61.6, b = 70.7, c = 73.4 A, beta = 112.8 degrees. Crystals diffract to 1.45 A using synchrotron radiation. SAD phases have been computed from a gold-derivative crystal at the wavelength of maximum absorption (L(III) edge).

Crystallization↗
PubMed2004

Simple algorithm for a maximum-likelihood SAD function.

Recently, the multivariate complex normal distribution has been used to develop a maximum-likelihood probability function for single-wavelength anomalous diffraction phasing and refinement of heavy-atom parameters [Pannu & Read (2004), Acta Cryst. D60, 22-27]. The function accounts explicitly for the correlations between the observed and calculated Friedel mates and their errors. However, the method of derivation of the equation described by Pannu & Read (2004) leads to a complicated likelihood expression that suffers from a number of algorithmic limitations. Here, an alternative derivation of the P(SAD) function is described that leads to simplified algorithmic requirements and that allows an intuitive understanding of the expression.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2005

De novo calcium/sulfur SAD phasing of the human formylglycine-generating enzyme using in-house data.

Sulfatases are a family of enzymes essential for the degradation of sulfate esters. Formylglycine is the key catalytic residue in the active site of sulfatases and is generated from a cysteine residue by FGE, the formylglycine-generating enzyme. Inactivity of FGE owing to inherited mutations in the FGE gene results in multiple sulfatase deficiency (MSD), which leads to early death in infants. Human FGE was crystallized in the presence of traces of the protease elastase, which was absolutely essential for crystal growth, and the structure of FGE was determined by molecular replacement. Before this model was completed, the FGE structure was re-determined by SAD phasing using in-house data based on the anomalous signal of two calcium ions bound to the native enzyme and intrinsic S atoms. A 14-atom substructure was determined at 1.8 A resolution by SHELXD; SHELXE was used for density modification and phase extension to 1.54 A resolution. Automated model building with ARP/wARP and refinement with REFMAC5 yielded a virtually complete model without manual intervention. The minimal data requirements for successful phasing and the relative contributions of the Ca and S atoms are discussed and compared with the related FGE paralogue, pFGE. This work emphasizes the usefulness of de novo phasing using weak anomalous scatterers and in-house data.

Calcium↗
PubMed2005

Comparison of phasing methods for sulfur-SAD using in-house chromium radiation: case studies for standard proteins and a 69 kDa protein.

Phasing of the crystal structures of four standard proteins (lysozyme, trypsin, glucose isomerase and thaumatin) and a novel 69 kDa protein from Thermus thermophilus, TT0570, was performed using the single-wavelength anomalous diffraction of S atoms intrinsically present within the native protein molecules. To utilize the sulfur anomalous diffraction, the data sets were collected using the loopless data-collection method with chromium Kalpha X-rays of wavelength 2.29 A. Three phasing methods, MLPHARE, SHARP and OASIS-2004, were tested in combination with the DM or SOLOMON density-modification method. The results showed that the solvent contents are still an important factor for phasing with the S-SAD method, even when longer wavelength Cr Kalpha radiation is used. Of the three procedures, the improved direct phasing of OASIS-2004 with its implemented fragment feedback to the direct-method probability calculation gave the best results in determining the initial phases. For all five proteins, almost the entire models could be built automatically.

Aldose-Ketose Isomerases↗
PubMed2006

Serendipitous SAD phasing of an echinomycin-(ACGTACGT)2 bisintercalation complex.

A new crystal form was obtained for the complex between (ACGTACGT)2 and echinomycin and X-ray data were collected to 1.6 A. The structure was phased by the SAD method based on a single unexpected anomalous scatterer that could be identified as a mixture of nickel and zinc by measurements of the anomalous scattering at different wavelengths. This cation is coordinated by two guanines from two different duplexes and four water molecules. The structure resembles previously reported crystal structures of DNA-echinomycin complexes, except that three of the eight base pairs flanking the echinomycin bisintercalator sites have the Watson-Crick rather than the Hoogsteen configuration. Hoogsteen binding was found for the corresponding base pairs of the crystallographically independent duplex, indicating that the two configurations are very close in energy.

Base Pairing↗
PubMed2006

X-ray crystallographic native sulfur SAD structure determination of laminarinase Lam16A from Phanerochaete chrysosporium.

Laminarinase Lam16A from Phanerochaete chrysosporium was recombinantly expressed in Pichia pastoris, crystallized and the structure was solved at 1.34 A resolution using native sulfur SAD X-ray crystallography. It is the first structure of a non-specific 1,3(4)-beta-D-glucanase from glycoside hydrolase family 16 (GH16). P. chrysosporium is a wood-degrading basidiomycete fungus and Lam16A is the predominant extracellular protein expressed when laminarin is used as the sole carbon source. The protein folds into a curved beta-sandwich homologous to those of other known GH16 enzyme structures (especially kappa-carrageenase from Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora and beta-agarase from Zobelia galactanivorans). A notable likeness is also evident with the related glycoside hydrolase family 7 (GH7) enzymes. A mammalian lectin, p58/ERGIC, as well as polysaccharide lyase (PL7) enzymes also showed significant similarity to Lam16A. The enzyme has two potential N-glycosylation sites. One such site, at Asn43, displayed a branched heptasaccharide sufficiently stabilized to be interpreted from the X-ray diffraction data. The other N-glycosylation motif was found close to the catalytic centre and is evidently not glycosylated.

Catalytic Domain↗
PubMed2006

Individual differences in anger and sadness: in pursuit of active situational features and psychological processes.

In the cognitive-affective personality system (CAPS) theory of Mischel and Shoda (1995, 1998), personality is conceived as a system of cognitions and affects that mediates between active situational features and behavior. Two major tasks for this approach to personality are the search for active situational features and for mediating psychological processes within a behavioral domain of interest. We report two studies to address these tasks for the domain of anger and sadness. To design these studies and to analyze the obtained data, novel extensions of our previous developed Triple Typology Model (TTM; Vansteelandt & Van Mechelen, 1998) are proposed. These extensions allow the researcher to test hypotheses concerning potentially relevant active situational features in a systematic and confirmatory way and to examine psychological processes as they occur in concrete situations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Aggression, social cognitions, anger and sadness in bullies and victims.

BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to investigate children's social information processing (SIP) and emotions in the bullying situation, taking into account reactive and proactive aggression. More specifically, we investigated the way in which children interpret social information, which goals they select, how they evaluate their responses and which emotions they express in hypothetical situations. METHOD: The participants comprised 242 Dutch children (120 girls and 122 boys; mean age: 117.2 months), who were assigned by means of peer nominations (Salmivalli, Lagerspetz, et al., 1996) to one of the following roles: bully (n=21), follower of the bully (n=38), victim (n=35), defender of the victim (n=48), outsider (n=52) and not involved (n=32). Sixteen children (including 3 bully/victims) were not given any role. The reactive and proactive aggression scale (Dodge, & Coie, 1987) was filled out by teachers in order to test the association between these types of aggression and involvement in bullying. Children were presented with ambiguous scenarios and responded to questions about attribution of intent, goal selection and emotions (anger and sadness). In addition, two questionnaires were administered to children: one assessed perceived self-efficacy in performing aggression, inhibiting aggression and using verbal persuasion skills, and the other assessed expected outcomes from behaving aggressively or prosocially. RESULTS: Results showed that while reactive aggression was common in bullies and victims, proactive aggression was only characteristic of bullies. Both bullies and victims, compared to the other children, scored higher on hostile interpretation, anger, retaliation and ease of aggression. Bullies and followers claimed that it was easy for them to use verbal persuasion, while victims turned out to be the saddest group. All children, irrespective of their role in the peer group, thought that aggressive as well as prosocial behavior was more likely to produce desired results from a friendly peer than from an aggressive one. CONCLUSIONS: Bullies and victims seem to be similar in reactive aggression, SIP, and in the expression of anger, but the motivations which lead to their behavior may be different, as well as the final outcomes of their acts.

Aggression↗
PubMed1997

Sudden unexpected death in young adults including four cases of SADS: a 10-year review from the west of Ireland (1985-1994).

Sudden unexpected death in young adults of 18-35 years account for an important subset of deaths in our autopsy population. The case notes and autopsy reports in 44 subjects were analysed during the period 1985-94 at the Department of Histopathology, University College Hospital, Galway to establish the underlying cause of death. Subjects who were involved in road traffic accidents, cases of drowning, and patients with known congenital heart disease, chronic renal failure and malignancy were excluded. We found that a large proportion of sudden deaths in young adults were secondary to epilepsy and chemical/drug poisoning, accounting for 34 per cent and 31.8 per cent respectively. Sudden adult death syndrome (SADS) accounted for 9 per cent of the study population. Detailed case history, meticulous post-mortem examination and complete toxicological screening are recommended to arrive at the underlying cause of death.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Effects of the activation of affective information on stereotyping: when sadness increases stereotype use.

Two studies explored the impact of mere activation of affective information on the use of stereotypes in social judgment. These studies provided consistent results showing that the activation of information related to sadness increases reliance on stereotypes, whereas the activation of information related to happiness decreases it. These results were obtained in the absence of affective state changes among the participants and with the use of two different priming procedures (Study 1: scrambled sentences, Study 2: subliminal priming) and two different judgment tasks (Study 1: impression formation, Study 2: guilt judgment). Complementing the informational view of affective states, it is suggested that affective information of which people are not conscious activates behavioral tendencies of approach or of avoidance associated with the related emotion.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[The sad picture of health: analysis of a billboard].

This article analyzes a billboard entitled "The Sad Picture of Health", displayed in the city of S o Paulo in May 1993. Based on various internal features and considering the surrounding social context, the billboard allows for two radically different interpretations. In the case of a such a "signed" billboard, such ambiguity implies a bad choice of the message intended to be conveyed by the sponsors. The author thus suggests that sponsors of such public announcements be aware of the ambiguity of their messages and forms of discourse.

English Abstract↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Prof. Dr. Sinisa Radojevic: anatomist, surgeon, doyen and great friend of the Faculty of Medicine in Novi Sad].

Prof Dr. Sinisa Radojevic was born in 1895 in Kragujevac. While still a boy, he participated in World War I and was awarded the Albanian Certificate of Service. He graduated from Grammar School and a School of Medicine and specialized Surgery in Bordeaux. He remained a Francophile his entire life, and published numerous scientific papers in France. He was a member of the French Academy of Medicine. After School of Medicine was founded in Belgrade, he returned to Serbia and began working at the Anatomy Institute of School of Medicine, Belgrade. At the time when School of Medicine was founded in Novi Sad, he took part in foundation of the Institute of Anatomy, holding the post of Institute Manager until he retired. With a huge enthusiasm, professor Radojevic had a leading role in organization of the Institute. He worked with and educated junior associates, who provided the Institute with extraordinary expert and scientific reputation. Professor Radojevic was an extraordinary figure, an exceptional anatomist and erudite, but primarily a warm and kind man of a true European orientation.

Anatomy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Use of a computer program (POSSUM) in examination of residents in a home for developmentally handicapped children and adults in Veternik-Novi Sad for occurrence and diagnostic significance of dysmorphologic signs on the skin].

The authors have examined frequency of dysmorphological signs by POSSUM at the Home for developmentally handicapped children and adults in Vetemik--Novi Sad. The aim was to establish possible different hereditary and congenital skin diseases and genetic syndromes in this population. The study was based on the following methods: method of family history including genealogy; dermatoglyphic methods; screening tests methodology in medical genetics; method of cytogenetic analysis; histo-pathological analysis; method of dermatovenerologic, genetic and dysmorphologic examinations of skin diseases by analysis of dysmorphological signs on the skin using a special computer programme. The study included 504 wards with 269 males and 235 females, and sex ratio of 1:1.14 in favour to males. Non-parametric statistics and Log-linear analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between the incidence of dysmorphological signs in the studied group and the Vojvodina population. The obtained incidence of dysmorphological signs in the examined group is presented in tables. Our results regarding the incidence of dysmorphological signs in the examined group showed significantly increased values in comparison to the population of Vojvodina.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Serum cholesterol and perception of anger and sadness.

Analysis of cholesterol levels in 34 forensic patients indicated significant associations with measures of the patients' perceptions of the emotional content in auditory stimuli. In particular, patients with low cholesterol showed hypersensitivity in the detection of anger and sadness. The authors hypothesize the involvement of serotonin in the hypersensitivity effects. Organicity and age were ruled out as contributing factors.

Aggression↗
PubMed1995

Efficacy of SAD (Berne) rabies vaccine given by the oral route in two species of jackal (Canis mesomelas and Canis adustus).

Eight black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas) and seven side-striped jackals (Canis adustus) were given SAD (Berne) rabies vaccine by direct oral instillation. Three different vaccine doses were used: 10(6.3), 10(6.8) and 10(7.5) median tissue culture infectious doses. Two additional jackals were given vaccine in chicken heads. One group of jackals was challenged with a lethal dose of jackal-derived rabies virus 1 mo after vaccination and a second group 12 mo after vaccination. All 17 vaccinated jackals developed high and persistent serum neutralizing antibody titers. All challenged jackals resisted a lethal dose of rabies virus, whereas three control jackals given the same challenge succumbed to rabies.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Leadership: sad facts and silver linings.

The typical CEO has endless interruptions and limited options for action. In addition, he may not even hear about his choices, or any bad news that might require action, until it is almost too late. Finally, any decision he does make will probably require months or years to implement fully. This author suggests that this gloomy picture has another side. In fact, each of these "sad facts" of managerial life can be turned into an opportunity to communicate values and to persuade, and they add up to a new notion of the chief executive's function.

Administrative Personnel↗