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PubMed2006

Students in the community: an interprofessional student-run free clinic.

Students in the Community (SITC) is an interprofessional collaboration of health science students at the University of Washington. SITC runs a weekly free clinic at the Aloha Inn, a transitional housing facility for 70 homeless men and women in downtown Seattle. The focus of this clinic is on health education, chronic disease management, and re-integration of patients into the healthcare infrastructure. SITC serves as a valuable service learning opportunity for students. In addition to direct clinical services, students gain experience in planning health education strategies, community collaboration, and evaluating intervention outcomes. SITC also oversees a lecture and discussion-based elective course at the University of Washington focused on health issues of the homeless community and provides formal teaching which complements the service-learning component of the endeavor.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗
PubMed1978

The relationship between student ratings of course effectiveness and student achievement.

For many years student ratings have been used to assess the strengths and weaknesses of various courses and the teaching abilities of the instructors involved. Investigators have either supported or attacked the validity of this assessment procedure on the basis of the direction and degree of the relationship found between student rating of a course and student achievement in that course. This validation study supplemented correlation analysis with analysis of variance to compare groups at various achievement levels and to control for the possible confounding effects of overall group analysis. Medical students responded to a Likert attitude scale about aspects of an anatomy course. The mean attitude scores for a high and a low course achievement group were significantly different at the 0.005 level; the high achievement group had a more positive course attitude.

Anatomy↗
PubMed1986

Skills development by medical students and the influence of prior experience: a study using evaluation by students and self-assessment.

Research was carried out into the effectiveness of an innovative, problem-based introductory course which was designed to help medical students, within a traditional curriculum, to bridge the gap between theoretical study during the first 4 years and inservice training during the next 2 years. Comparison of exit and entry self-assessment ratings of students showed a marked rise for history-taking and physical examination and a smaller rise for diagnosis and patient management. Cross-study of these self-assessment ratings and the background variable of past medical training showed that prior active experience within the health care system appeared to have a favourable influence on both history-taking and more intellectual skills, notably diagnosis and patient management. History-taking, however, could be taught as effectively during the introductory course. This was not so for the more intellectual skills. The results of this research plead for early active experience within the health care system during the medical curriculum, in order to give the students more insight into the clinical relevance of their theoretical studies. Evaluation by the students of the teaching formats used to reach the learning objectives was favourable, especially of those formats related to concrete practical skills such as live simulated (programmed) patients. It was rather unfavourable to self-study facilities which provide more theoretical knowledge.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed2005

Comparison of clinical skills of 3rd-year students who completed structured clinical skills program with 6th-year students who acquired clinical skills in unsystematic way.

BACKGROUND: The timing and methods of teaching clinical skills are some of the main concerns of medical education. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare clinical skills of the 3rd and 6th-year students who acquired clinical skills training within different years and methods. METHODS: Randomly chosen students were observed and evaluated in the form of "did it-didn't do it" over the checklists composed of parameters of communication, history taking, and physical examination. The results were evaluated on the SPSS 10.0 for Windows program and Pearson chi-square test was used in the statistical analyses. RESULTS: Third-year students who had clinical skills training in early years and structured methods had better results for most of the parameters (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The clinical skills training given through a structured program that is widespread in the early years of medical school makes a great contribution to the development of students' clinical skills.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Urban elementary school personnel's perceptions of student health and student health needs.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the perceptions of school personnel with regard to urban students' health and health needs as part of a planning process for development and implementation of school-linked health services. METHODS: A self-administered, close-ended questionnaire was given to 294 schoolteachers and school staff to assess school personnel perceptions of 1) health needs of students, 2) priority of need for health services or programs delivered on-site or off-site, and 3) selected factors suspected to affect implementation of new school health services. RESULTS: A total of 72% of teachers and 77% of staff completed the survey. The most highly ranked need by school personnel was mental health, followed by violence and anger management and physical abuse and domestic violence. The most commonly requested services on-site and off-site were for physical abuse or domestic violence, mental health, and drug or other substance abuse. Only 40% of teachers and staff rated current health services as excellent or good. A total of 72% of teachers and staff had some level of discomfort with their current responsibilities regarding the health of students. Parental involvement was reported to be quite low, with only 9% of teachers and staff rating it as excellent or good. CONCLUSIONS: he greatest health care need identified by these elementary school personnel was not for management of chronic or acute physical health conditions, but for mental health services and programs to meet the emotional and psychosocial needs of students. When implementing school-linked or school-based mental health services, focus needs to be placed on 3 areas: 1) education of school health and educational personnel regarding common mental health issues, 2) development of systems that improve knowledge of and connection with mental health resources inside and outside the school, and 3) development of systems that improve communication within the school and between the school and parents regarding health services.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1998

Intuition in nursing practice: sharing graduate students' exemplars with undergraduate students.

Failure to acknowledge ways of knowing in nursing education curricula other than linear reasoning hinders the development of the full extent of mental abilities brought to learning situations by nursing students. Nurse educators are challenged to develop creative methods to facilitate nursing students' intuitive thinking. In this article, a teaching strategy is described in which graduate students' exemplars of intuition in clinical practice are shared with undergraduate nursing students. Implications of using this teaching approach to demystify the intuitive process and address its legitimacy are discussed.

Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate↗
PubMed1995

Student performance appraisal: an approach to evaluation of attitudes in medical laboratory technology students.

This paper describes the development and implementation of a new evaluation format for assessing professional attitudes in medical laboratory technology students--the performance appraisal. This tool measures attitudes considered desirable in the ¿ideal technologist¿, and links the presence or absence of these attitudes to behaviors which can be observed in the student. The performance appraisal functions not only as an evaluation instrument for instructors, but as a learning tool for students, who can identify behavioral objectives, assess their own progress, and set goals and strategies for development of professional attitudes. Details regarding the administration of the evaluation instrument, such as rating scales, remedial planning, and responsibilities of faculty, clinical coordinators, and students are presented. In addition, controversies regarding the evaluation of professional attitudes are discussed, including: optimizing instructor objectivity; timing and grading of evaluations; forwarding of evaluations from one instructor to another; identification of mandatory and desirable attitudes; and criterion referencing of objectives. Plans for future development of the system are included.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1999

[Alcohol and drug use among medical students 1995: more than every tenth male student had hazardous alcohol drinking habits].

During the spring of 1995, 734 medical students at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm were randomly selected for inclusion in a postal questionnaire study of alcohol and drug habits. The response rate was over 80 per cent. Although both the level of alcohol consumption and the prevalence of hazardous consumption were lower than the corresponding figures for students at Stockholm and Uppsala Universities, 12 per cent of the male and four per cent of the female medical students were considered to be at risk of alcohol problems. About seven per cent of the medical students reported having used illegal drugs such as hashish, marijuana and cocaine during the past 12-month period, and about nine per cent to have used sedative and/or hypnotic drugs.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

White paper on pharmacy student professionalism. American Pharmaceutical Association Academy of Students of Pharmacy--American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy Council of Deans Task Force on Professionalism.

This white paper is the culmination of a 5-year commitment by the Task Force on Professionalism to study and promote pharmacy student professionalism. The Task Force is a collaborative effort involving the American Pharmaceutical Association Academy of Students of Pharmacy (APhA-ASP) and the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy Council of Deans (AACP-COD). The two primary goals of the Task Force are to raise awareness and to lead action on the issue of pharmacy student professionalism. The intended audience for this white paper is the entire pharmacy profession, as each member plays an important role in the development of professionalism, whether he or she is a pharmacy educator, student, practitioner, association executive, or state board member. The discussion and recommendations presented herein are intended to assist these parties as they participate in the development of professional attitudes and behaviors among future pharmacists.

Professional Practice↗
PubMed1975

Staff and student perceptions of a student health service.

Results of a survey at one English university suggest that, of the various student personnel services provided by that institution, the Student Health Service was the best known and most used by the students. Both students and academic staff attributed greater importance to that particular service than to any other. Ways in which these two groups of university members justified such special provision are presented and discussed.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1992

[Working conditions of medical students--medical students and research].

A questionnaire survey was conducted among 33 medical students (22 men and 11 women) working as part or full-time research trainees at the University of Bergen in 1990, in order to examine various aspects of their working conditions. Most trainees (81%) experienced a well-organized initial research project, and 85% were quite content with their personal supervision. The students "defined" two hours per week as an "adequate amount" of supervision. A higher percentage of the male trainees were first author of scientific publications, while a higher percentage of the females felt that they had learned something from their scientific training. Surprisingly perhaps, relatively more of the female wished to do research full time in the future. 94% of the research trainees recommended other medical students to participate in research training programmes during their student career.

Education, Medical, Continuing↗
PubMed2004

HIV transmission among black college student and non-student men who have sex with men--North Carolina, 2003.

In the United States, young black men who have sex with men (MSM) and reside in urban settings have high rates of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), with incidence and prevalence as high as 14% and 32%, respectively. Few epidemiologic and behavioral studies have been conducted in this population, and even fewer data are available for black MSM from non-urban areas of the southern United States. In November 2002, the North Carolina Department of Health (NCDOH) identified two cases of acute HIV infection among non-Hispanic black male college students. A retrospective review of all men aged 18-30 years with HIV diagnosed during January 2000-May 2003 indicated an increase in HIV case reports in male college students, from two cases in 2000 to 56 during January 2001-May 2003. Of these 56, a total of 49 (88%) were black, and nearly all were MSM, including some men who had sex with both men and women. In August 2003, NCDOH invited CDC to assist with an epidemiologic investigation of young HIV-positive black MSM in North Carolina. This report summarizes the results of that investigation, which indicated that black MSM college students and non-students in North Carolina had high rates of HIV risk behaviors, underscoring the need for enhanced HIV-prevention programs in these populations.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Nursing students and the phenomenon of suicide. Research of students' experience and concept of the suicide phenomenon in Turku and Salo nursing schools].

The aim of the study was to find out nursing students opinions and knowledge of suicide phenomenon. Altogether 132 students from Turku and Salo nursing schools participated and they were specialized in surgical & internal, psychiatric and public health. Their basic education also varied, but the purpose was to find students who were near to graduate. The data was collected with an inquire (eleven non-structured questions) and was analyzed with content analysis. Students had relatively short working life experience and according to their own experience too little knowledge and capability to face suicide phenomenon. Majority of the respondents thought that a person who commits suicide is weak, doesn't talk and is a heavy drinker and the reasons to commit suicide are personal. These reasons are among other things weak self-confidence, speechless and personal problems. Suicide prevention has place in every level of the society and specially in health care, among mental health care personnel and in social work.

Finland↗
PubMed1990

A pilot study of medical student 'abuse'. Student perceptions of mistreatment and misconduct in medical school.

A pilot survey of one third-year medical school class was carried out to explore student perceptions of mistreatment and professional misconduct in medical school training. Students were asked to rate the frequency and cite sources of mistreatment and misconduct among classmates, faculty, residents, and interns. They were also asked to assess the effects of such episodes on their physical health, emotional well-being, social and family life, and attitudes toward becoming a physician. The results indicate that students perceive mistreatment (particularly verbal abuse and unfair tactics) to be pervasive and professional misconduct all too common. As many as three fourths of the students report having become more cynical about academic life and the medical profession as a result of these episodes. Two thirds feel they are worse off than their peers in other professions. More than a third have considered dropping out of medical school and one fourth report they would have chosen a different profession had they known in advance about the extent of mistreatment they would experience. Rather than dismiss these problems as isolated events, we need to examine this issue more closely.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Individual differences in strategy choices: good students, not-so-good students, and perfectionists.

Consistent individual differences were found in first graders' strategy choices in addition, subtraction, and reading (word identification). Differences were present along 2 dimensions: knowledge of problems and stringency of thresholds for stating retrieved answers. Cluster analyses indicated that children could be classified into 3 groups: good students, not-so-good students, and perfectionists. Perfectionists were children who had good knowledge of problems and set very high thresholds for stating retrieved answers, good students also had good knowledge of problems but set lower thresholds, and not-so-good students had less good knowledge of problems and set low thresholds. Differences among the 3 groups were evident on measures not included in the cluster analysis as well as measures that were. Further, the groups differed in standardized achievement test performance 4 months after the experiment in ways consistent with the experimental analysis. The pattern of individual differences was similar in 2 experiments with different samples of children and problems and different methods for assessing strategy use. The results illustrated how detailed cognitive models can contribute to understanding of individual differences.

Achievement↗
PubMed1985

Use of MEDLINE by medical students: results of a survey of the students of the Pritzker School of Medicine of the University of Chicago.

Because medical school is a logical place for information retrieval capabilities to be introduced to future physicians, a survey was conducted at the Pritzker School of Medicine of the University of Chicago in August 1984 to determine the students' awareness and use of MEDLINE. The study found that many students were unaware of MEDLINE and its capabilities, and that the MEDLINE orientation for students during the first week of medical school was inadequate. Suggestions for improving the orientation were solicited from the students, and these have been analyzed and discussed.

Chicago↗
PubMed1994

The effects of certain student and institutional characteristics on minority medical student specialty choice.

This article investigates the possible effects of minority status, presence of a Minority Affairs Office or Student National Medical Association (SNMA) Chapter, level of indebtedness, and number of years (4 to 5) to complete medical school on specialty choice of minority medical students. The 5-year experiences of 20 medical schools in the southern region (including three in Puerto Rico) were examined via a questionnaire. Information was sought for African Americans, Afro-Caribbean, Mexican American, other minority, and nonminority students. Minority graduates entered the specialities of internal medicine, pediatrics, and family medicine in far greater numbers than any other speciality. Also, the percentage of minorities who entered these fields was greater than the percentage of non-minorities. Conversely, minorities were significantly underrepresented in the surgical subspecialties and radiology. Additional study is needed to further examine the medical school experience for indications of why the clustering in primary care specialities occurs. Moreover, while most schools had some kind of minority affairs organization, few were active in the writing of the Dean's letter. Other suggestions to assure adequate minority representation across specialties include early exposure to the different specialties and subspecialties for minority students, a mentorship program with practicing physicians, and stronger recruitment of minorities into underrepresented specialties.

Black or African American↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Knowledge and attitude to sexually transmitted diseases and condoms in students and undergraduate students].

Since sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are a serious health problem among youth, proper understanding of knowledge about STDs, beliefs about condom use and associated factors are public health necessities. A self-administered questionnaire was sent to 2,920 randomly selected students and was returned by 59.3% of the sample. We observed a lack of knowledge in one third of students, negative beliefs on condom use for at least 20% of students and a low perceived risk to contract STDs. With multivariate analyses, we observed that male students, youths between 18-21 years of age and those who didn't have any sexual partner since their admission to the university should be the target of intervention programs.

Adolescent↗