Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “STING”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Insect sting anaphylaxis; prospective evaluation of treatment with intravenous adrenaline and volume resuscitation.

OBJECTIVES: To assess a protocol for treatment of sting anaphylaxis. DESIGN: Prospective assessment of treatment with oxygen, intravenous infusion of adrenaline (epinephrine), and volume resuscitation with normal saline. SETTING: Sub-study of a venom immunotherapy trial. PARTICIPANTS: 21 otherwise healthy adults with systemic allergic reactions to diagnostic sting challenge. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Response to treatment, total adrenaline dose and infusion duration, recurrence of symptoms after stopping the infusion, and additional volume resuscitation. RESULTS: 19 participants required intervention according to the protocol. All received adrenaline, and five received volume resuscitation. In nine cases, physical signs of anaphylaxis recurred after initial attempts at stopping adrenaline but resolved after recommencing the infusion. The median total dose and infusion duration were 590 micro g and 115 minutes respectively, but were significantly higher for eight patients who had hypotensive reactions (762 micro g and 169 minutes respectively). Hypotension was always accompanied by a relative bradycardia, which was severe and treated with atropine in two patients. Widespread T wave inversion occurred, before starting treatment with adrenaline, in one person with an otherwise mild reaction. All patients fully recovered and were fit for same day discharge, apart from the person with ECG changes who was observed overnight and discharged the following day. CONCLUSIONS: Carefully titrated intravenous adrenaline combined with volume resuscitation is an effective strategy for treating sting anaphylaxis, however severe bradycardia may benefit from additional treatment with atropine. Cardiac effects of anaphylaxis, perhaps including neurocardiogenic mechanisms, may be an important factor in some lethal reactions.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Systemic immediate allergic reactions to arthropod stings and bites.

Most of the encounters with biting and stinging insects result in more or less pronounced localized reactions. Typically, urticarial wheals and papular reactions are observed. Less often local bullous or hemorrhagic or disseminated papular reactions, particularly in children and immunologically naive adults, may be seen. With the exception of bee and wasp venom allergies, immediate-type allergic reactions to arthropod stings and bites are rare. Systemic IgE-mediated hypersensitivity has also been reported from additional hymenoptera species, e.g. hornets, bumble bees and ants. Rare are systemic reactions to mosquitoes, flies or kissing bugs and exceptional from ticks, bed bugs, moths, caterpillars and spiders. A major problem is the often lacking standardization of extracts for skin testing and for the determination of specific IgE. Some of the allergens have been characterized and few of them synthesized using recombinant techniques. Most investigations have been made with whole-body extracts or extracts from salivary glands, while desensitization has rarely been attempted. Currently, primary prevention by avoidance of stings and bites, and adequate instruction of sensitized individuals in the use of emergency drugs are mandatory.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Evaluation of bee sting allergy by skin tests and serum antibody assays.

We studied 55 subjects who had had anaphylactic reactions to bee stings within the previous 3 years. 38 out of 54 tested had IgE antibody to honey bee venom (HBV) as measured by radioallergosorbent test (RAST). On skin testing, 30 out of 34 had a positive test to HBV. Of these, 26 had a positive RAST. A positive skin test to HBV at high dilution or else a high anti-HBV RAST score appeared to identify those who, in a 6-month follow-up period, were at risk of developing further anaphylaxis following bee stings or immunotherapy. Of the two tests, RAST appeared to be the less sensitive. Measurements of IgG antibody to phospholipase A were seldom available for the period immediately preceding an anaphylactic episode and proved to be a poor means of predicting the liability to bee sting anaphylaxis in subsequent months.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1993

Adverse neurologic reactions to the sting of the imported fire ant.

While the cutaneous manifestations of the imported fire ant (IFA) sting are well known, neurologic sequelae are much more unusual. We report 2 cases of grand mal seizures associated with the sting of the IFA. The first patient suffered numerous stings without evidence of systemic reactions prior to the onset of the seizure. The second patient had manifestations of anaphylaxis prior to the occurrence of seizure. In both cases, the onset of seizures was delayed. As the geographic range of the IFA increases and more patients are stung, unusual reactions will be seen in greater frequency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Acute tubulo-interstitial nephritis leading to acute renal failure following multiple hornet stings.

BACKGROUND: Hornet stings are generally associated with local and occasionally anaphylactic reactions. Rarely systemic complications like acute renal failure can occur following multiple stings. Renal failure is usually due to development of acute tubular necrosis as a result of intravascular haemolysis, rhabdomyolysis or shock. Rarely it can be following development of acute tubulo-interstitial nephritis. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe a young male, who was stung on face, head, shoulders and upper limbs by multiple hornets (Vespa orientalis). He developed acute renal failure as a result of acute tubulo-interstitial nephritis and responded to steroids. CONCLUSION: Rare causes of acute renal failure like tubulo-interstitial nephritis should be considered in a patient with persistent oliguria and azotemia following multiple hornet stings. Renal biopsy should be undertaken early, as institution of steroid therapy may help in recovery of renal function.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2006

Epidemiology of jellyfish stings reported to poison centers in Texas.

This study examined the relationship between selected factors and all human exposures involving jellyfish stings reported to Texas poison centers. Cases were obtained retrospectively from calls to poison centers in Texas and included all reported human exposures during 1998-2004 involving jellyfish stings. The distribution of cases was determined for a variety of demographic and clinical parameters. There were 423 total cases. Among the cases with a known patient age, 19.8% were <6 years of age, 53.5% were age 6-19 years, and 26.7% were >19 years of age. Males accounted for 52% of the cases. Of the 118 cases with a known clinical outcome, 0.8% had no effect, 80.5% had minor effects, and 18.6% had moderate effects. Counties along the Gulf Coast accounted for 72.3% of the calls. This information can be used to identify those portions of the population most at need of education regarding the prevention and treatment of jellyfish stings.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Scorpion sting epidemiology in Montes Municipality of the State of Sucre, Venezuela: geographic distribution.

Scorpion stings were surveyed in the Montes Municipality of the State of Sucre, Venezuela, aiming to extend the information on these poisonous accidents by characterizing their geographic distribution. From 1980 to 1990, 184 cases of scorpion stings were recorded with an incidence rate of 38.6 cases per 10,000 inhabitants. The locality of San Fernando presented the highest incidence (68.3/1000) of poisonous accidents. The highest percentages of severe cases were recorded in the towns of Arenas (27%), San Lorenzo (21%), and Cocollar (19%), which are located at the foot of the Turimiquire Mountains. This region is a dispersion area of scorpions of the Tityus genus. Our results show that this region of the State of Sucre is endemic for scorpion stings which are an important public health problem.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Local reactions to stinging insects (Hymenoptera).

Hymenoptera stings cause cutaneous nonallergic local reactions of limited size and duration in most individuals. Some subjects experience an allergic local reaction (large local reaction) to a sting that is greater than 10 cm in diameter and may last for up to 5 days. The nonallergic local reaction is a toxic response to venom constituents, while the large local reaction appears to be caused by an allergic reaction to venom proteins. The IgE-mediated late-phase reaction is probably responsible for most of these reactions; however, a cell-mediated mechanism, or a combination of the two, is possible. A diagnostic workup is not recommended for local reactions. However, skin testing with Hymenoptera venoms (bee, wasp, hornet, and yellowjacket) identifies most subjects with sting-induced large local reactions. Therapy of the local reactions is symptomatic. An oral glucocorticosteroid, H1 antagonist and possibly a H2 antagonist are indicated for treatment of large local reactions. Venom immunotherapy is effective in preventing recurrences of large local reactions in children but is not usually recommended for either adults or children.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Atopy and systemic reactions to hymenoptera stings.

To evaluate whether atopy is a risk factor for systemic reactions to hymenoptera stings, we compared the atopic status of two groups of subjects. The first group included 93 patients (59 males), mean (+/- SD) age: 42.3 +/- 17.2 yrs with a history of anaphylactic reactions to hymenoptera stings. The second was a control group of 712 subjects (379 males), mean (+/- SD) age: 42.0 +/- 9.6 years recruited at a public health care center. The protocol included a standardized questionnaire about symptoms suggestive of atopy, i.e. medical diagnosis of asthma, perennial rhinitis or hay fever, and skin tests to common aeroallergens, i.e. house dust mites, cat danders, and grass pollens. The percentage of subjects with atopic symptoms was comparable in the two groups (32.2% for the patient group and 28.5% for the control group). Similarly, 22.6% of patients and 36.8% of controls exhibited at least one positive skin prick test. Lastly, 15.1% of patients and 18.5% of controls (a nonsignificant difference) had at least one symptom of atopy and at least one positive skin test. These findings show that atopy is not a risk factor for systemic reactions to hymenoptera stings.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bites and stings of Hymenoptera, caterpillar and beetle.

Insects compose a very large group of creatures that bite or sting but only a few are truly venomous in the sense that they inject a venom into human victims. Anaphylaxis from a Hymenoptera sting is the most serious reaction from this group and is estimated to account for approximately half of the annual fatalities from venomous bites and stings in the United States. Epinephrine, Benadryl, steroids, hyposensitization, local tissue management and symptomatic and supportive care are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Bee-sting anaphylaxis in childhood.

The syndrome of bee-sting anaphylaxis is described. Children who have suffered crescendo reactions to previous bee stings, especially children with a history of asthma, are significantly at risk. Desensitization is required in such cases; adrenaline should be kept in the home, and parents should be trained in its emergency use. The immunological mechanisms of bee-sting anaphylaxis are described. The striking seasonal incidence of anaphylaxis suggests that pollen or plant products which are incorporated in the venom may also be important in its genesis; it suggests also that antigens prepared from either whole-body or pure-venom extracts should be prepared from bees which are collected in late spring.

Aerosols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Allergy to stinging and biting insects in Queensland.

Over an eight and a half year period 742 patients were assessed for allergy to stinging and biting insects in Queensland; 452 (61%) had allergic reactions to honey bees, 244 (33%) to wasps, 30 (4%) to various ants, 11 (1.5%) to march flies (Tabanus sp.) and five to tick infestation. One hundred and fifty one patients (20%) presented with large local swelling only (RXN1), 98 (13%) with urticaria and/or facial angioedema distant from the sting site (RXN2) and 492 (66%) with subjective or objective evidence of dyspnoea or hypotension (RXN3). Allergy testing was performed with honey bee and wasp venoms by skin testing or by Radioallergosorbent testing. Fifty nine patients (30%) with RXN3 responses to wasps failed to react to either test, while this applied to only 19 (6%) of the patients with RXN3 responses to bee stings. Thus, a large number of wasp-allergic patients with RXN3 responses could not be offered immunotherapy. A similar problem exists in the lack of availability of specific reagents for anti- and tick-induced dyspnoea or hypotension. A whole-body insect extract of march fly, however, appears useful.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Wasp sting mortality in Australia.

Wasp sting fatalities have rarely been reported in Australia. We used data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics and State coronial authorities to investigate deaths from wasp stings in Australia from 1979 through 1998. Seven cases were identified, all involving men in rural settings. Five of the seven victims had prior histories of wasp or bee venom allergy, or both, but none carried injectable adrenalin. All patients with a history of systemic Hymenoptera sting allergy should undergo assessment for immunotherapy and carry adrenalin.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Insect sting allergy.

Allergy to insect stings may be quite serious, and occasionally lethal. Evaluation of these patients involves careful history taking. Skin testing for the stinging insects is helpful both for diagnosis and finding a beginning dose for hyposensitizing injections. According to many reports, these injections have been very effective in preventing subsequent severe reactions to insect stings. Prompt emergency treatment usually involves adrenalin injections. Insect avoidance procedures are effective.

Ants↗
PubMed1998

[Toxic reaction induced by Hymenoptera stings].

Clinical symptoms of toxic reactions occurred in two patients following multiple stinging by bees and wasps respectively. The first cause is that of 76-year old woman attacked by a swarm of bees (about 200 stings), the other case presents a 69-year old man who was stung by several dozen of wasps. In the first case the toxic reaction was manifested by shock, acute renal failure, tissue damage of the skin, muscles and liver and haemolysis which resulted in the patients death. These symptoms occur as a results of the cytotoxic effects of bee venom components such as melittin, phospholipase and kinins. In the course of the disease, noteworthy are: the initial phase mimicking an anaphylactic shock, haemolysis and rhabdomyolysis which lead to acute renal failure with tubular necrosis. In the second case skin symptoms prevailed. Additionally, laboratory tests showed increased CPK as a results of myolysis caused by components of insect venom. The progress of toxic reactions following multiple stinging especially by bees, calls for hospital observation of stung patients with careful monitoring of renal function.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1998

Acute pulmonary hemorrhage following a honeybee sting: a case report.

A generalized allergic reaction to or anaphylaxis from honeybee sting may involve the skin with erythema, puritus, urticaria, or angioedema; the respiratory tract with laryngeal edema, and brochospasm; the cardiovascular system with myocardial depression, hypotension, and shock; and the gastrointestinal system with nausea, vomiting, and incontinence. Acute pulmonary hemorrhage following a honeybee sting has never been reported. We describe a previously healthy 14-year-old girl who developed acute pulmonary hemorrhage, hypotension, and generalized skin rash after a single honeybee sting on her right fourth finger. Her serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) was high (360 IU/mL). Chest X-ray revealed perihilar alveolar infiltrative lesions. Metabolic acidosis and hypoxemia were also found. After treatment with antihistamines, dopamine, corticosteroids, bronchodilaters, fluid replacement, and mechanical ventilation, her condition improved dramatically. A hypersensitivity reaction to honeybee venom is the most likely explanation for this unusual case of acute pulmonary hemorrhage.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2000

[Acute myocardial infarction after honeybee sting].

Myocardial infarction due to honeybee sting is rare, and only a few authors have discussed the relationship between the sting, anaphylactic shock and myocardial infarction. We describe a case of acute myocardial infarction in a 44-year-old man after anaphylactic shock following honeybee sting. He did not have heart disease nor any known risk factors attributable to atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. He had almost normal coronary angiography with non-significant hemodynamic changes.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Human accidents with stings from Africanized bees].

It is report five cases of stings of africanized bees (AB). Four of them were victims of multiple stings, varying from 25 to 60, that presented severe headache, nauseas and vomits, related to the clinic effect of the toxicity of the venom, with good evolution. The other case was victim of a single sting of AB and died after probable anaphylaxis.

Adult↗