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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Relationship between subjective sleep rating and objective sleep parameters: a case study.

The subjective sleep of a male subject was related to 22 objective polygraphic sleep parameters on 39 experimental nights. Subjective sleep was rated by the sleeper himself as "good," "moderate," or "poor" upon arising, for 10, 24, and 5 nights, respectively. Differences in the 22 sleep parameters for these three ratings were examined, and poor sleep showed a significant increase in stage W (waking), an elongation of sleep latency, a decrease in mean sleep depth during the night and 2 hr after going to bed, a decrease in integrated value of sleep depth during the night, an increase in the gradient and decrease in the intercept of regression line of sleep depth against time, and a shortening of total sleep time. The average delta wave percentage per epoch was greater for a subjective rating of "moderate" than for the other groups. Canonical discriminant analysis was conducted using 16 sleep parameters, and the overall correct identification rate of three subjective sleep ratings by the objective sleep parameters was 89.7%. Variables of the first or second axis with large standard coefficients were stages 1, 2, REM (rapid eye movement), integrated voltage of electromyogram, and sleep latency. From the above two sets of analyses, sleep latency was the most useful parameter for predicting subjective sleep.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Infant sleep and feeding pattern: effects on maternal sleep.

Factors contributing to maternal sleep when infants are 4 to 10 weeks of age were examined. Twenty-four-hour sleep-wake diaries collected from 37 mother-infant dyads in the home environment were summarized to describe total, longest, and mean sleep period; synchrony of maternal and infant sleep; and feeding frequency and duration. Regression and post hoc analysis of variance were used to examine factors contributing to maternal and infant sleep. Maternal sleep is driven by infant sleep and feeding pattern. The minimum and maximum numbers of infant sleep episodes per day were 6 and 15, respectively, and mean infant total sleep was 13.47 hours (SD 1.73). Mean maternal total sleep was 7.18 hours (SD 1.51), with half of the mothers reporting less than 7 hours of sleep per 24 hours. Mean number of infant feedings was 11.14 (SD 3.27), with 11 infants (29.7%) receiving 13 or more feedings per 24 hours; minimum and maximum times per feeding were 15 and 41.7 minutes, respectively. Male infants had more sleep episodes, shorter sleep periods, and less sleep than females, and these gender differences resulted in shorter and more fragmented sleep for mothers. Findings suggest there is continued need for interventions to improve maternal sleep following childbearing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Role of GABAA receptors in the regulation of sleep: initial sleep responses to peripherally administered modulators and agonists.

This paper reviews the sleep effects of systemically administered agonistic modulators of GABAA receptors, including barbiturates, benzodiazepines, zolpidem, zopiclone and neuroactive steroids, and the selective GABAA agonists muscimol and THIP. To assess the involvement of GABAA receptors in the physiologic regulation of sleep, the article emphasizes the hypnotic properties shared by agonistic modulators and by the selective agonists of the GABAA receptor complex. In both rats and normal sleeping individuals, agonistic modulators are able to reduce sleep latency, increase sleep continuity, and promote non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep as well as the occurrence of spindles. Furthermore, nearly all of these compounds have been shown to attenuate slow-wave activity (SWA) and to suppress the occurrence of REM sleep. In the same species, GABAA agonist(s) do not seem to affect sleep latency or REM sleep time, but may increase sleep continuity and NREM sleep and augment SWA while depressing spindle activity in humans. The distinct sleep effects of GABAA agonists may be due to their unspecific stimulation of GABAA receptors throughout the brain, and to the fact that they are poor substrates for uptake and probably exert more tonic effects than liberated GABA. If so, the involvement of GABAA receptors in the various aspects of sleep can be inferred more accurately from the hypnotic effects of agonistic modulators. This implies that an activation of GABAA receptors plays a crucial role in the initiation and maintenance of NREM sleep and in the generation of sleep spindles, but disrupts the processes underlying slow EEG components and the triggering of REM sleep.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Daytime sleeping, sleep disturbance, and circadian rhythms in the nursing home.

OBJECTIVE: This study reports the frequency of abnormal daytime sleeping and identifies factors related to daytime sleeping, nighttime sleep disturbance, and circadian rhythm abnormalities among nursing home residents. METHODS: The authors conducted secondary analysis of data collected under usual care conditions within a nonpharmacologic sleep intervention trial. All residents from four Los Angeles nursing homes were screened for daytime sleeping (asleep>or=15% of observations, 9:00 am-5:00 pm). Consenting residents with daytime sleeping had two nights of wrist actigraphy to assess nighttime sleep disturbance (asleep<80%, 10:00 pm-6:00 am). Residents with nighttime sleep disturbance completed an additional 72-hour wrist actigraphy recording to assess circadian activity rhythms and light exposure. RESULTS: Sixty-nine percent of 492 observed residents had daytime sleeping, of whom 60% also had disturbed nighttime sleep. Sleep disturbance and daytime sleeping were rarely documented in medical records. Residents spent one-third of the day in their rooms, typically in bed, and were seldom outdoors or exposed to bright light. More time in bed and less social activity were significant predictors of daytime sleepiness. Ninety-seven percent of residents assessed had abnormal circadian rhythms. More daytime sleeping and less nighttime sleep were associated with weaker circadian activity rhythms. Later circadian rhythm acrophase (peak) was associated with more bright light exposure. CONCLUSION: Daytime sleepiness, nighttime sleep disturbance, and abnormal circadian rhythms were common in nursing home residents. Modifiable factors (e.g., time in bed) are associated with sleep/wake abnormalities. Mental health specialists should consider the complexity of factors causing sleep problems in nursing home residents.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

The use of an ambulatory, automatic sleep recording device (QUISI version 1.0) in the evaluation of primary snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea.

Electroencephalogram (EEG) evaluation with polysomnography (PSG) according to the Rechtschaffen & Kales (R&K) rules is time and cost consumptive, but ambulatory polygraphy systems do not allow EEG recording routinely. As a consequence, the number of sleep disordered events cannot be calculated exactly. QUISI is a one-channel, self-applicable ambulatory EEG recording device. The present study was designed as a prospective, non-randomized clinical trial. This investigation evaluated the results of 40 patients with primary snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea measured with level 1 PSG and QUISI simultaneously. Fifteen patients (37.5%) were primary snorers with normal sleep profiles, whereas 25 patients (62.5%) suffered from obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) with a Respiratory Disturbance Index (RDI) of 38.6 +/- 23.8. The mean total sleeping time (TST) was underestimated by 4.5%, while Sleep Efficiency Index (SEI) was understimated by 4.6% by the QUISI device compared with PSG. The correlation between the QUISI and the PSG estimates for single sleep stages demonstrated only moderate correlation. The statistical significance for sleep stage 2 was r = 0.42, P = 0.002; for sleep stage 3/4, r = 0.31, P = 0.02; and for WAKE, r = 0.33, P = 0.01. Sleep stage 2 as well as sleep stage 3/4 were underestimated by QUISI substantially (difference: -5.6% and -10.3%), while WAKE was overestimated by QUISI to a larger amount (difference: +10.4%). Sensitivity and specificity of QUISI to recognize pathological sleep profiles compared with PSG/R&K were 0.92 and 0.96 respectively. QUISI is able to evaluate normal versus altered sleep profiles in patients with primary snoring and OSA. Comparing the quartile ranges, we found substantial differences between QUISI and PSG/R&K. QUISI gives an impression of sleep architecture and objective verification of a sleep disturbance in an ambulant setting but cannot replace the sleep laboratory-based PSG.

Adult↗