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PubMed1967

Monilethrix.

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Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Closure of a scalp defect.

In repairing cutaneous defects, the facial plastic and reconstructive surgeon is faced with many specialized areas of tissue. Reconstruction of thin eyelid skin and thick, sebaceous nasal skin requires different methods. The unique characteristics of the scalp make it one of the greatest repair challenges in the head and neck region, sometimes requiring multiple different reconstructive techniques for the same defect.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Differential permethrin susceptibility of head lice sampled in the United States and Borneo.

BACKGROUND: Pediculiasis is treated aggressively in the United States, mainly with permethrin- and pyrethrin-containing pediculicides. Increasingly frequent anecdotal reports of treatment failure suggest the emergence of insecticidal resistance by these lice. OBJECTIVE: To confirm or refute the susceptibility of head lice sampled in the United States to permethrin. DESIGN: Survey. Head lice were removed from children residing where pediculicides are readily available and where such products are essentially unknown. Their survival was compared following exposure to residues of graded doses of permethrin in an in vitro bioassay. SETTING: School children from Massachusetts, Idaho, and Sabah (Malaysian Borneo). SUBJECTS: In the United States, 75 children aged 5 to 8 years. In Sabah, 59 boys aged 6 to 13 years. Virtually all sampled US children had previously been treated with pediculicides containing pyrethrins or permethrin; none of the Sabahan children were so exposed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Survival of head lice exposed to permethrin. RESULTS: Permethrin did not affect head lice sampled from chronically infested US children who had previously been treated for pediculiasis. The slope of the dose-response regression line for these lice did not differ significantly from zero (P = .66). This pediculicide immobilized lice sampled in Sabah. Mortality correlated closely with permethrin concentration (P = .008). CONCLUSIONS: Head lice in the United States are less susceptible to permethrin than are those in Sabah. The pyrethroid susceptibility of the general population of head lice in the United States, however, remains poorly defined. Accordingly, these relatively safe over-the-counter preparations may remain the pediculicides of choice for newly recognized louse infestations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Erythema nodosum and kerion of the scalp.

Three children had pustular patches develop over the occipital areas of the scalp. Colonies of Trichophyton mentagrophytes grew on cultures with Sabouraud's dextrose agar with antibiotics. After a week of topical treatment with 1:10,000 potassium permanganate solution and oral treatment with griseofulvin, typical nodules of erythema nodosum appeared over the shins, ranging in diameter from 1 to 4 cm. Nodules on the legs resolved spontaneously within 12 days in the three children. Erythema nodosum occurring in patients with kerion may be interpreted as individual allergic hypersensitivity reactions as a result of the immune host response to allergenic products from the primary site of infection. This possibly may cause immune complexes that precipitate erythema nodosum.

Child↗
PubMed1999

Fetal scalp cysts--dilemmas in diagnosis.

Detection of fetal scalp cysts may pose diagnostic challenges in terms of differentiating between structures whose origin is ectodermal, so presumed benign, and neuroectodermal, potentially having neurological significance. We describe the first case of a fetal scalp dermoid cyst to be detected antenatally and discuss the concept of sequested meningoceles which may not have neurological consequence but can be associated with other structural abnormalities.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Microcephaly, cutis verticis gyrata of the scalp, retinitis pigmentosa, cataracts, sensorineural deafness, and mental retardation in two brothers.

We describe the cases of two brothers with microcephaly, primary cutis verticis gyrata of the scalp, prominent supraorbital ridges, large nose, hypertelorism, exotropia, progressive retinitis pigmentosa, cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss, kyphoscoliosis, and mental retardation. A review of the literature focusing on the major clinical findings suggests that our cases may represent a hitherto unreported new syndrome.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1993

Childhood intracranial meningiomas after high-dose irradiation.

BACKGROUND: Irradiation, either alone or in association with other factors, is thought to play a role in the causation of intracranial meningioma. METHODS: The authors report two 15-year-old patients with convexity meningiomas as a result of high-dose irradiation received at a young age and review the English language literature reports of 13 pediatric patients with meningiomas after high-dose irradiation. The clinical characteristics of the 15 patients are presented. RESULTS: There were nine girls and six boys. The mean age at the time of irradiation was 2.5 years (2 months-9 years), and the mean age at diagnosis of meningioma was 13 years (5-15.5 years). The mean radiation dose was 4154 cGy (1500-8000 cGy). In 11 of the 15 patients, the meningioma was located in the calvarial area. Only 1 of 15 had multiple tumors, and only two of the tumors were clearly malignant at diagnosis. In ten patients, gross total resection was recorded, and two patients underwent subtotal resection. Three died of recurrent/disseminated meningiomas. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that meningiomas after high-dose radiation in children are mostly calvarial in location, rarely multiple, mostly benign in histologic type, and that complete removal is possible in most patients. The age at the time of radiation is young (mean age, 2.5 years) and the latent period is short (mean, 10.8 years). Although the clinical course of radiation-induced meningiomas in childhood generally is benign, high doses of radiation at a young age are to be avoided, and other means of therapy should be used if possible.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1993

Occipital lesions: a possible cost of cradleboards.

This examination of a Mimbres-Mogollon pueblo skeletal sample reveals a surprising percentage of individuals with occipital lesions. Each lesion is located in the approximate center of the squama immediately superior to the external occipital protuberance. Notably, no child over the age of 1 year exhibits a lesion that would have been active at the time of death, but a number of older children and adults exhibit evidence of healed lesions in this same area on the occipital. The restricted nature of these lesions, in terms of both their locations and ages of those actively affected, suggests that the use of cradleboards may have been at least a contributing, if not initiatory, factor in their creation. Specifically, this study suggests that the pressure and friction of an infant's head against a cradleboard may have 1) produced ischemic ulcers, 2) produced the conditions favorable for bacterial infections such as impetigo or carbuncles, or 3) complicated the treatment of other infections appearing on the back of the scalp.

Anthropology, Physical↗