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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[More and more Dutch nationals to South Africa].

"From 1950-1994 almost 62 thousand Dutch nationals left for South Africa. Almost half of them left the Netherlands in the fifties. In the same period, more than 43 thousand Dutch nationals returned to the Netherlands. Fluctuations in external migration with South Africa can be related to political events there.... From the end of 1994, emigration of Dutch nationals to South Africa is now higher than immigration from that country." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Africa↗
PubMed1982

Benefits of migration as a personal strategy in Nazare, Portugal.

"This article analyzes the causes, patterns and results of involvement in international wage labor migration for Nazare, a Portuguese fishing village and tourist resort. Some migrate permanently, others return to invest locally, and yet others only work abroad part of each year. Data indicate that international migration is a successful strategy for coping with a restrictive local opportunity structure. International migrants have more income, savings, capital goods, consumer goods and automobiles than non-migrants or those who only migrate within Portugal."

Demography↗
PubMed1997

Remigration: return of the prodigals--an analysis of the impact of the cycles of migration and remigration on caste mobility.

"The focus of this research note is the migration of the Patidar community to East Africa--and remigration to Gujarat, India. The primary motive for migration of the immigrant Patidars was to work, accumulate money and return to India, claiming a higher caste status. By 1931, a sufficient number of the community had become economically affluent and were given a higher caste status by the census enumerators. This study illustrates the transient nature of Indian migration to East Africa and its impact on caste mobility."

Africa↗
PubMed1993

[The Latin American immigrant population in Germany: some socio-demographic characteristics].

"Initially the migrants from Latin America in the former West Germany [represented] 1% of the total migrant population; currently, their annual rate of growth is 5%. This population is mainly represented by Brazilians, Chileans, Peruvians and Argentines. However, since 1984, Chileans and Argentines have begun a [return] movement to their countries....[The] high volume of female migrants...is directly related to a high demand in the [service] sector...." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Demography↗
PubMed1989

Monocyte locomotion in anergic chronic brucellosis patients: the in vivo effect of ascorbic acid.

In 14 patients suffering from relapsing chronic brucellosis who were anergic to brucella antigens, we have studied peripheral blood monocyte random migration and chemotaxis against non-specific and specific leukoattractants, as well as plasma and monocyte ascorbic acid levels. We found that all parameters studied, were significantly beneath normal, when compared to normal subjects. After the oral administration of ascorbic acid at a daily dose of 1gr for 15 consequetive days, random and directed migration against a non-specific stimulus (casein) returned to normal. Directed migration against disease associated leukoattractants (brucella melitensis and brucella abortus) antigens improved significantly, without reaching normal values. We concluded that ascorbic acid supplementation might partially restore peripheral, monocyte function and help the monocyte-macrophage system to mount an effective immune response against chronicity of brucella infection.

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMed2006

Access to health care for migrants returning to Mexico.

Continued migration from Mexico over the past several decades has created a large population of elderly Mexicans in the U.S. There is no system in Mexico for those Mexicans who would like to retire there to obtain health insurance during their retirement years. Using a nationally representative dataset of Mexican elders, we explore the current state of health insurance status for Mexican elders with a history of migration to the U.S. We find a robust negative association between years spent in the U.S. and the probability of being insured. Coordination between the U.S. and Mexico on policy options to insure Mexicans migrants may prove beneficial to the social security systems in both countries as well as to migrants themselves.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Aortic endothelial cell migration. I. Matrix requirements and composition.

Endothelial cell migration was studied following a mechanical injury produced in cultured confluent monolayers of calf aortic endothelium with the use of a quantitative migration assay. In this method the cells were grown on glass coverslips coated with scarlet red-containing Formvar. At confluency, the cultures were cut in half with a blade; one half was removed with the pigmented Formvar, and the other was returned to culture. Migration was linear for a least 96 hours, and was due to cell motility, not proliferation. Since it was blocked in the presence of L-azetidine carboxylic acid or cis-hydroxyproline, inhibitors of collagen secretion, endothelial cell migration appeared to be dependent on the continual secretion of collagen. Furthermore, the types, apparent relative amounts, and localizations of the collagens as well as laminin changed during the migratory process. These studies support the notion that the aortic endothelial cell migratory response to injury is a dynamic one requiring the continual secretion and modulation of matrix molecules.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

International labor migration through multinational enterprises.

"This research studies international migration of company transferees. The main purposes are to address how their individual characteristics have influences on their overseas assignment and what kinds of migration patterns are created by the multinational business enterprises. U.S. firms in Taiwan are the primary study focus. By using both quantitative and qualitative data, the results show that although an overseas appointment is mainly based on individual competence, nationality, ethnicity and gender also play crucial roles. And multinationals are important channels for sustainable, return and circular migration."

Americas↗
PubMed1982

Relationship of motility to flow of contents in the human small intestine.

To measure simultaneously motility and flow of intestinal contents, a multilumen polyvinyl tube was passed by mouth in 10 healthy volunteers. Motility was recorded at five sites, spanning 100 cm of tube, to allow recognition of migrating motor complexes during fasting and during their disruption by food. Loci were designated as jejunal, ileal, and terminal ileal, as judged by length of tube in the intestine and by fluoroscopy. Flow of intestinal contents was measured by indicator (phenolsulfonphthalein) dilution over a 20-cm segment; flow was related to motility at the perfusion site. A liquid test meal of 400 ml and 600 kcal, containing polyethylene glycol 4000, was eaten after 6 h of fasting. During fasting, flow of intestinal contents was intermittent at all levels and varied with the presence of or absence of the activity front ("phase 3" of the migrating motor complex). The activity-front periods contributed 50% of total flow, but occupied less than one-third of the total recording time. Flow corrected for time was significantly greater with the presence of activity front than with phases 1 or 2 of the migrating motor complex (p less than 0.001). In addition, of 45 increments in flow of greater than 0.75 ml . min-1, the majority (82%) were associated with an activity front. The flow rate increased promptly after a meal and fluctuated markedly during the postprandial period in most studies. By the time migrating motor complex had returned, more than 90% of meal marker (polyethylene glycol) was accounted for in intestinal aspirates. In contrast, only 56%-73% of marker was recovered postprandially in those studies in which the migrating motor complex had not returned by the time the study was terminated. Thus, flow of intestinal content is largely intermittent during fasting, peaks of flow being associated with passage of the activity front of the migrating motor complex; on the other hand, half the fasting flow is unassociated with the activity front. Reappearance of the migrating motor complex at any level after a liquid test meal signals clearing of the liquid meal from the more proximal intestine.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Main migration trends and economic internationalization in Colombia].

The author examines migration flows to and from Colombia and notes that "Colombia has been experiencing in the last decades different kinds of spatial mobility, towards the United States, Europe, Venezuela and other countries in Latin America. Since the 80s return flows have become important." The impacts on migration of improved education and women's status, and the lack of legal employment opportunities are examined. (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Americas↗
PubMed2001

Imaging characteristics of noncontained migrating disc fragment and cyst.

The purpose of this article is to review less common presentations of degenerative disc disease on MR imaging. The images of eight patients were retrospectively analyzed. Six of them had transligamentous (or noncontained) disc herniations, the fragments of which were located in the posterior epidural space in three of them. One patient had a transdural disc fragment and one patient had a disc cyst. The cyst was located in the ventrolateral epidural space. On T2-weighted images, the migrated disc fragment returned a higher signal than the disc of origin in 6 of 7 patients. The disc cyst returned a signal similar to that of cerebrospinal fluid. The MR appearances of disc fragments can be puzzling, particularly if they are located in the posterior epidural space. It is important to recognize the abnormalities in order to differentiate them from less common lesions such as hematoma, abscess and neurinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

The flight of physicians from West Africa: views of African physicians and implications for policy.

West African-trained physicians have been migrating from the sub-continent to rich countries, primarily the US and the UK, since medical education began in Nigeria and Ghana in the 1960s. In 2003, we visited six medical schools in West Africa to investigate the magnitude, causes and consequences of the migration. We conducted interviews and focus groups with faculty, administrators (deans and provosts), students and post-graduate residents in six medical schools in Ghana and Nigeria. In addition to the migration push and pull factors documented in previous literature, we learned that there is now a well-developed culture of medical migration. This culture is firmly rooted, and does not simply fail to discourage medical migration but actually encourages it. Medical school faculty are role models for the benefits of migration (and subsequent return), and they are proud of their students who successfully emigrate.

Emigration and Immigration↗
PubMed2002

Sublethal effects of exposure to chemical compounds: a cause for the decline in Atlantic eels?

Because of their unusual life cycle, American and European eels (Anguilla rostrata Lesueur and A. anguilla L.), are particularly exposed to pollutant effects. Because silver eels fast when they leave the freshwater system, the transoceanic migration forces them to constitute energy reserves in the form of muscle lipids, that are needed for successful spawning. Using species biological data, toxicological and ecotoxicological information, hypotheses are given to assess the contribution of pollution from freshwater sources to the recorded decline in the American and European eels fisheries since the 1980s. This paper first describes the lipid storage problems and the relative migratory capacities. Then several studies on the accumulation of xenobiotics in various anatomical compartments, on the biological half-lives of these compounds, and on their sublethal toxicity, are reviewed. During migration, lipid mobilization returns persistent lipophilic pollutants back into circulation, these being concentrated particularly in gonads at the crucial time of gametogenesis. Extrapolation of toxicological analysis (individual physiology) to the population level (spawning success) suggests that the quality of future spawners leaving freshwaters is one of the prime factors for the conservation of this threatened species.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nutritional status and age at menarche of Senegalese adolescents.

Growth and maturation during adolescence has not been well described in rural African populations, although it may represent the missing link between high levels of preschool stunting and nearly 'normal' adult heights. In 1995 the homes of subjects aged 10.3-17.5 years, living in a rural area of Senegal, were visited, and all adolescents present, 1527 boys and 1126 girls, were included in the analysis. A number of girls were absent because they worked in the capital city Dakar. Resident girls (n = 705) had significantly higher means than boys for all anthropometric variables (weight, body mass index, arm circumference and muscle arm circumference, triceps and subscapular skinfolds), except for height and head circumference. Girls who had just returned from seasonal migration to Dakar (n = 415) were, on average, 2 kg heavier, but not taller, than resident girls (p < 0.0001). The girls fell off in height from 11 to 13 years compared to the NCHS reference and then 'caught up' until the age of 17, while boys fell off during the entire age span. Mean age at menarche was estimated at 16.1 years (95% fiducial CI: 15.8-16.4) from status quo data by probit analysis. No significant difference was found between residents and migrants. Postmenarcheal girls had better nutritional status than premenarcheal girls in terms of height, weight, body mass index, percentage body fat and arm muscle circumference (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, puberty, as assessed by age at menarche, is delayed by about 3 years in this population, probably due to malnutrition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Measurement of the respiratory burst and chemotaxis in polymorphonuclear leukocytes from mercury-exposed workers.

The chemotactic and nitroblue tetrazolium reducing activities of neutrophils from 48 mercury-exposed workers were examined and compared with those of non-exposed, age- and sex-matched individuals. At the time of testing, the exposed population had a mean (+/- s.d.) urinary mercury concentration of 24.0 +/- 20.1 micrograms g-1 creatinine and in 44 of these workers urinary mercury levels were below the accepted threshold level (TLV) of 50 micrograms g-1 creatinine. The two neutrophil functions were significantly reduced in the mercury-exposed workers compared with the controls. In 28 of these workers, chemotaxis was re-evaluated 6 months later. During the intervening 6 months, the level of hygiene was improved throughout the plant and urinary mercury concentrations were determined monthly in each worker. Despite a significant reduction in urinary mercury concentrations, neutrophil migration did not return to within the normal range. These results suggest that 'safe' level mercury exposure may lead to impairment of neutrophil function.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Present realities and future prospects among Greek returners.

"The current study on Greek [migrants returning from working overseas] examines a wide range of social, economic and psychological factors that influenced decisions to return and processes of readjustment in the home environment.... This study concentrates on returner families and explores the extent to which they felt that the homeland had fulfilled their needs and expectations.... The main goal...was to explore interpersonal and socio-cultural, as well as socio-economic, aspects of readjustment." (SUMMARY IN FRE AND SPA)

Acculturation↗