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Results for “Resource Allocation”

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PubMed2005

Evidence, economics and ethics: resource allocation in health services organizations.

Priority setting is a challenge for health services organizations across health systems. Because demand for health services exceeds available resources, health services priorities must be set to ensure resources are used appropriately to meet the community's health needs. Various approaches have been developed to assist decision-makers to set priorities in their organizations. The dominant approaches come from evidence-based medicine, economics and ethics.

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PubMed2003

Evidence for a priming effect on maternal resource allocation: implications for interbrood competition.

It is commonly assumed that there exists interbrood competition mediated by in utero growth. This could be manifested by a female reallocating saved resources to future broods. Here, we report results of a manipulation experiment designed to detect such reallocation. Two groups of female mice were allowed each to produce two broods. In the first brood, the test females were mated with phenotypically normal males heterozygous for an insulin-like growth factor 2 (Igf2) null allele, while the control females were mated to a wild-type male. The test sample females invested 20% less into their first brood than did the control sample. In both test and control groups the females were mated with a wild-type male in the second round of mating. Surprisingly, we found that females that invested little into their first brood also invested little (compared with other second broods) into their second brood. This 'priming' effect suggests that the assumptions of classical models of parent-offspring conflict are overly simplistic but cannot disprove the existence of interbrood competition.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Resource-allocation rules and the heritability of traits.

I hypothesize that the heritability of a trait, and thus its evolutionary responsiveness to natural selection, should be positively related to the priority with which resources are allocated to that trait. Low-priority traits are more sensitive to environmental effects, thus reducing the relative effect of genetic differences on phenotypic variation of these traits. This allocation-priority hypothesis explains why life-history traits, such as those involving growth and reproduction, generally have lower heritabilities than higher-priority morphological and physiological traits related to body maintenance. This hypothesis also shows how an organism-centered approach, as used in physiological ecology, can contribute to the development of evolutionary theory.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Evolution of sex-biased maternal effects in birds: I. Sex-specific resource allocation among simultaneously growing oocytes.

Females in species that produce broods of multiple offspring need to partition resources among simultaneously growing ova, embryos or neonates. In birds, the duration of growth of a single egg exceeds the ovulation interval, and when maternal resources are limited, a temporal overlap among several developing follicles in the ovary might result in a trade-off of resources among them. We studied growth of oocytes in relation to their future ovulation order, sex, and overlap with other oocytes in a population of house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus) where strongly sex-biased maternal effects are favoured by natural selection. We found pronounced differences in growth patterns between oocytes that produced males and females. Male oocytes grew up to five times faster and reached their ovulation size earlier than female oocytes. Early onset and early termination of male oocytes' growth in relation to their ovulation resulted in their lesser temporal overlap with other growing ova compared with female oocytes. Consequently, ovulation mass of female but not male oocytes was strongly negatively affected by temporal overlap with other oocytes. In turn, mass of male oocytes was mostly affected by the order of ovulation and by maternal incubation strategy. These results provide a mechanism for sex-biased allocation of maternal resources during egg formation and provide insights into the timing of the sex-determining meiotic division in relation to ovulation in this species.

Animals↗